Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-276

Allowed

Incorrect Default Permissions

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

During installation, installed file permissions are set to allow anyone to modify those files.

2035 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-MJ73-5X75-9PHH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:04 – Updated: 2023-09-26 20:03
VLAI
Summary
Singularity insecure permissions
Details

Insecure permissions (777) are set on $HOME/.singularity when it is newly created by Singularity (version from 3.3.0 to 3.5.1), which could lead to an information leak, and malicious redirection of operations performed against Sylabs cloud services.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.5.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/sylabs/singularity"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.5.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-19724"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-18T21:02:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-12-18T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Insecure permissions (777) are set on `$HOME/.singularity` when it is newly created by Singularity (version from 3.3.0 to 3.5.1), which could lead to an information leak, and malicious redirection of operations performed against Sylabs cloud services.",
  "id": "GHSA-mj73-5x75-9phh",
  "modified": "2023-09-26T20:03:52Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:04:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19724"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sylabs/singularity/commit/2cda4981812c29f0fb11d3ea6aaf6139f665a631"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/sylabs/singularity"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sylabs/singularity/releases/tag/v3.5.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-01/msg00025.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-07/msg00059.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Singularity insecure permissions"
}

GHSA-MJHQ-9RGG-C485

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00
VLAI
Details

A mobile phone of ZTE is impacted by improper access control vulnerability. Due to improper permission settings, third-party applications can read some files in the proc file system without authorization. Attackers could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information. This affects Axon 11 5G ZTE/CN_P725A12/P725A12:10/QKQ1.200816.002/20201116.175317:user/release-keys.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-21732"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-19T11:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A mobile phone of ZTE is impacted by improper access control vulnerability. Due to improper permission settings, third-party applications can read some files in the proc file system without authorization. Attackers could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information. This affects Axon 11 5G ZTE/CN_P725A12/P725A12:10/QKQ1.200816.002/20201116.175317:user/release-keys.",
  "id": "GHSA-mjhq-9rgg-c485",
  "modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:02:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21732"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.zte.com.cn/support/news/LoopholeInfoDetail.aspx?newsId=1015064"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MMFH-PQV2-4X97

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-16 00:00
VLAI
Details

In Telecomm, there is a possible disclosure of registered self managed phone accounts due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-192663798

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-20310"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-12T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "In Telecomm, there is a possible disclosure of registered self managed phone accounts due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-192663798",
  "id": "GHSA-mmfh-pqv2-4x97",
  "modified": "2022-08-16T00:00:23Z",
  "published": "2022-08-13T00:00:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20310"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-13"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MP36-GW43-323P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-16 00:00
VLAI
Details

In ContentService, there is a possible way to check if an account exists on the device due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-201416182

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-20298"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-12T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In ContentService, there is a possible way to check if an account exists on the device due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-201416182",
  "id": "GHSA-mp36-gw43-323p",
  "modified": "2022-08-16T00:00:22Z",
  "published": "2022-08-13T00:00:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20298"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/android-13"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MPG8-8X9C-P9GV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-13 00:33 – Updated: 2025-02-20 00:12
VLAI
Summary
MaysWind ezBookkeeping has Improper Privilege Management
Details

An issue in MaysWind ezBookkeeping 0.7.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the token component.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mayswind/ezbookkeeping"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.7.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-57604"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-20T00:12:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-12T22:15:41Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue in MaysWind ezBookkeeping 0.7.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the token component.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpg8-8x9c-p9gv",
  "modified": "2025-02-20T00:12:37Z",
  "published": "2025-02-13T00:33:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57604"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mayswind/ezbookkeeping/issues/33"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mayswind/ezbookkeeping"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hkohi.ca/vulnerability/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "MaysWind ezBookkeeping has Improper Privilege Management"
}

GHSA-MQ35-399R-FGC5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-22 15:30 – Updated: 2024-12-04 18:32
VLAI
Details

Certain software builds for the Itel Vision 3 Turbo Android device contain a vulnerable pre-installed app with a package name of com.transsion.autotest.factory (versionCode='7', versionName='1.8.0(220310_1027)') that allows local third-party apps to execute arbitrary shell commands in its context (system user) due to inadequate access control. No permissions or special privileges are necessary to exploit the vulnerability in the com.transsion.autotest.factory app. No user interaction is required beyond installing and running a third-party app. The vulnerability allows local apps to access sensitive functionality that is generally restricted to pre-installed apps, such as programmatically performing the following actions: granting arbitrary permissions (which can be used to obtain sensitive user data), installing arbitrary apps, video recording the screen, wiping the device (removing the user's apps and data), injecting arbitrary input events, calling emergency phone numbers, disabling apps, accessing notifications, and much more. The confirmed vulnerable software build fingerprints for the Itel Vision 3 Turbo device are as follows: Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V92-20230105:user/release-keys, Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V86-20221118:user/release-keys, Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V78-20221101:user/release-keys, Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V64-20220803:user/release-keys, Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V61-20220721:user/release-keys, Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V58-20220712:user/release-keys, and Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V051-20220613:user/release-keys. This malicious app sends a broadcast Intent to the receiver component named com.transsion.autotest.factory/.broadcast.CommandReceiver with the path to a shell script that it creates in its scoped storage directory. Then the com.transsion.autotest.factory app will execute the shell script with "system" privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-38294"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-22T15:15:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Certain software builds for the Itel Vision 3 Turbo Android device contain a vulnerable pre-installed app with a package name of com.transsion.autotest.factory (versionCode=\u00277\u0027, versionName=\u00271.8.0(220310_1027)\u0027) that allows local third-party apps to execute arbitrary shell commands in its context (system user) due to inadequate access control. No permissions or special privileges are necessary to exploit the vulnerability in the com.transsion.autotest.factory app. No user interaction is required beyond installing and running a third-party app. The vulnerability allows local apps to access sensitive functionality that is generally restricted to pre-installed apps, such as programmatically performing the following actions: granting arbitrary permissions (which can be used to obtain sensitive user data), installing arbitrary apps, video recording the screen, wiping the device (removing the user\u0027s apps and data), injecting arbitrary input events, calling emergency phone numbers, disabling apps, accessing notifications, and much more. The confirmed vulnerable software build fingerprints for the Itel Vision 3 Turbo device are as follows: Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V92-20230105:user/release-keys, Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V86-20221118:user/release-keys, Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V78-20221101:user/release-keys, Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V64-20220803:user/release-keys, Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V61-20220721:user/release-keys, Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V58-20220712:user/release-keys, and Itel/F6321/itel-S661LP:11/RP1A.201005.001/GL-V051-20220613:user/release-keys. This malicious app sends a broadcast Intent to the receiver component named com.transsion.autotest.factory/.broadcast.CommandReceiver with the path to a shell script that it creates in its scoped storage directory. Then the com.transsion.autotest.factory app will execute the shell script with \"system\" privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-mq35-399r-fgc5",
  "modified": "2024-12-04T18:32:34Z",
  "published": "2024-04-22T15:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38294"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2031/DEF%20CON%2031%20presentations/Ryan%20Johnson%20Mohamed%20Elsabagh%20Angelos%20Stavrou%20-%20Still%20Vulnerable%20Out%20of%20the%20Box%20Revisiting%20the%20Security%20of%20Prepaid%20Android%20Carrier%20Devices.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.tecno.com/SRC/blogdetail/99?lang=en_US"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQ6F-MMPC-JGRR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-11 00:02 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:01
VLAI
Details

There is a permission control vulnerability in the Wi-Fi module. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect confidentiality.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-40059"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-10T17:43:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There is a permission control vulnerability in the Wi-Fi module. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect confidentiality.",
  "id": "GHSA-mq6f-mmpc-jgrr",
  "modified": "2022-03-17T00:01:52Z",
  "published": "2022-03-11T00:02:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40059"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2022/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQFW-C7JJ-R9XJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2023-02-01 18:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in ManageEngine Applications Manager 14 with Build 14360. Integrated PostgreSQL which is built-in in Applications Manager is prone to attack due to lack of file permission security. The malicious users who are in �Authenticated Users� group can exploit privilege escalation and modify PostgreSQL configuration to execute arbitrary command to escalate and gain full system privilege user access and rights over the system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-19475"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-01-10T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in ManageEngine Applications Manager 14 with Build 14360. Integrated PostgreSQL which is built-in in Applications Manager is prone to attack due to lack of file permission security. The malicious users who are in \ufffdAuthenticated Users\ufffd group can exploit privilege escalation and modify PostgreSQL configuration to execute arbitrary command to escalate and gain full system privilege user access and rights over the system.",
  "id": "GHSA-mqfw-c7jj-r9xj",
  "modified": "2023-02-01T18:30:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T22:28:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19475"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/security-updates/security-updates-cve-2019-19475.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQRX-93H5-5X99

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-11 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-12 12:00
VLAI
Details

A registry permissions vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One Data Loss Prevention (DLP) module could allow a local attacker with administrative credentials to bypass certain elements of the product's anti-tampering mechanisms on affected installations. Please note: an attacker must first obtain administrative credentials on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41748"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-10T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A registry permissions vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One Data Loss Prevention (DLP) module could allow a local attacker with administrative credentials to bypass certain elements of the product\u0027s anti-tampering mechanisms on affected installations. Please note: an attacker must first obtain administrative credentials on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-mqrx-93h5-5x99",
  "modified": "2022-10-12T12:00:24Z",
  "published": "2022-10-11T12:00:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41748"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000291645"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MR6C-Q222-CJ77

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-28 03:30 – Updated: 2024-07-28 03:30
VLAI
Details

The MSI installer for Splashtop Streamer for Windows before 3.6.0.0 uses a temporary folder with weak permissions during installation. A local user can exploit this to escalate privileges to SYSTEM by placing a version.dll file in the folder.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-42053"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-28T03:15:02Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The MSI installer for Splashtop Streamer for Windows before 3.6.0.0 uses a temporary folder with weak permissions during installation. A local user can exploit this to escalate privileges to SYSTEM by placing a version.dll file in the folder.",
  "id": "GHSA-mr6c-q222-cj77",
  "modified": "2024-07-28T03:30:47Z",
  "published": "2024-07-28T03:30:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42053"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SpacePlant/Vulns/blob/main/Advisories/2024/2.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support-splashtopbusiness.splashtop.com/hc/en-us/articles/18223802896539-Splashtop-Streamer-version-v3-6-0-0-for-Windows-released"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

The architecture needs to access and modification attributes for files to only those users who actually require those actions.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.