Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry might have children that would be more appropriate.
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit. Consider children such as CWE-23 (or its descendants) for relative path traversal, or CWE-36 for absolute path traversal.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated techniques can find areas where path traversal weaknesses exist. However, tuning or customization may be required to remove or de-prioritize path-traversal problems that are only exploitable by the product's administrator - or other privileged users - and thus potentially valid behavior or, at worst, a bug instead of a vulnerability.
Effectiveness: High
Manual Static Analysis
Manual white box techniques may be able to provide sufficient code coverage and reduction of false positives if all file access operations can be assessed within limited time constraints.
Effectiveness: High
Automated Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Bytecode Weakness Analysis - including disassembler + source code weakness analysis
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary Weakness Analysis - including disassembler + source code weakness analysis
Effectiveness: High
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: High
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: High
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Effectiveness: High
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: High
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Other
In many programming languages, the injection of a null byte (the 0 or NUL) may allow an attacker to truncate a generated filename to apply to a wider range of files. For example, the product may add ".txt" to any pathname, thus limiting the attacker to text files, but a null injection may effectively remove this restriction.
Relationship
Pathname equivalence can be regarded as a type of canonicalization error.
Relationship
Some pathname equivalence issues are not directly related to directory traversal, rather are used to bypass security-relevant checks for whether a file/directory can be accessed by the attacker (e.g. a trailing "/" on a filename could bypass access rules that don't expect a trailing /, causing a server to provide the file when it normally would not).
Terminology
Like other weaknesses, terminology is often based on the types of manipulations used, instead of the underlying weaknesses. Some people use "directory traversal" only to refer to the injection of ".." and equivalent sequences whose specific meaning is to traverse directories.
Other variants like "absolute pathname" and "drive letter" have the *effect* of directory traversal, but some people may not call it such, since it doesn't involve ".." or equivalent.
Research Gap
Many variants of path traversal attacks are probably under-studied with respect to root cause. CWE-790 and CWE-182 begin to cover part of this gap.
Research Gap
Incomplete diagnosis or reporting of vulnerabilities can make it difficult to know which variant is affected. For example, a researcher might say that "..\" is vulnerable, but not test "../" which may also be vulnerable.
Any combination of directory separators ("/", "\", etc.) and numbers of "." (e.g. "....") can produce unique variants; for example, the "//../" variant is not listed (CVE-2004-0325). See this entry's children and lower-level descendants.
Content history
Submission: PLOVER
· 2006-07-19
· CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Nick Johnston
· 2022-07-11
· CWE 4.9
Identified weakness in Perl demonstrative example
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.15
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
Contribution: Drew Buttner
· MITRE
· 2024-11-01
· CWE 4.16
Identified weakness in "good code" for Python demonstrative example
Contribution: Affan Ahmed
· 2025-02-08
· CWE 4.20
Provided a demonstrative example in PHP
Modification: Eric Dalci
· Cigital
· 2008-07-01
· CWE 1.0
updated Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction
Modification:
· Veracode
· 2008-08-15
· CWE 1.0
Suggested OWASP Top Ten 2004 mapping
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Relationship_Notes, Relevant_Properties, Taxonomy_Mappings, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-11-24
· CWE 1.1
updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-07-27
· CWE 1.5
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-02-16
· CWE 1.8
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Description, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Name, Observed_Examples, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Research_Gaps, Taxonomy_Mappings, Terminology_Notes, Time_of_Introduction, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Description, Detection_Factors, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-09-27
· CWE 1.10
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-12-13
· CWE 1.11
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-27
· CWE 2.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-09-13
· CWE 2.1
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Demonstrative_Examples, References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-10-30
· CWE 2.3
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-06-23
· CWE 2.7
updated Other_Notes, Research_Gaps
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2015-12-07
· CWE 2.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-01-19
· CWE 2.10
updated Related_Attack_Patterns
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-05-03
· CWE 2.11
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Affected_Resources, Causal_Nature, Likelihood_of_Exploit, References, Relationships, Relevant_Properties, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-01-03
· CWE 3.2
updated References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-09-19
· CWE 3.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-08-20
· CWE 4.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-07-20
· CWE 4.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-06-28
· CWE 4.8
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-10-13
· CWE 4.9
updated Observed_Examples, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-01-31
· CWE 4.10
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Detection_Factors
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Demonstrative_Examples, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-07-16
· CWE 4.15
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Observed_Examples, Other_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-11-19
· CWE 4.16
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-04-03
· CWE 4.17
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-09-09
· CWE 4.18
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Name, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16070 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-28206 (GCVE-0-2021-28206)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-06 05:02 – Updated: 2024-09-16 20:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ASUS BMC's firmware: path traversal - Record video file function
Summary
The specific function in ASUS BMC’s firmware Web management page (Record video file function) does not filter the specific parameter. As obtaining the administrator permission, remote attackers can use the means of path traversal to access system files.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.asus.com/content/ASUS-Product-Securit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.asus.com/tw/support/callus/ | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4576-422ac-1.html | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
44 products
Date Public
2021-04-06 00:00
{
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{
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"dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T21:40:14.066Z",
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"shortName": "CVE"
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"references": [
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"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
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"url": "https://www.asus.com/content/ASUS-Product-Security-Advisory/"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
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"url": "https://www.asus.com/tw/support/callus/"
},
{
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"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4576-422ac-1.html"
}
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"title": "CVE Program Container"
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"affected": [
{
"product": "BMC firmware for ASMB9-iKVM",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.11.12"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS720A-E9-RS24-E",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.10.3"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS700A-E9-RS4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.10.0"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS700-E9-RS4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.09"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for ESC4000 G4X",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.11.6"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS700-E9-RS12",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.11.5"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS100-E10-PI2",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.6"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS300-E10-PS4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.6"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS300-E10-RS4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.6"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS500A-E9-PS4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.14.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS500A-E9-RS4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.14.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS500A-E9 RS4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.14.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for E700 G4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.14.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for WS C422 PRO/SE",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.14.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for WS X299 PRO/SE",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.14.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for Z11PA-U12",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for Z11PA-U12/10G-2S",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for KNPA-U16",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.4"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for ESC4000 DHD G4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.13.7"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for ESC4000 G4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.2"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS720Q-E9-RS24-S",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.0"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS720Q-E9-RS8",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.0"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS720Q-E9-RS8-S",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.0"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for Z11PA-D8",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.14.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for Z11PA-D8C",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.14.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS720-E9-RS24-U",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.14.3"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS720-E9-RS8-G",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.2"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS500-E9-PS4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.4"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for Pro E800 G4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.14.2"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS500-E9-RS4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.4"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS500-E9-RS4-U",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.4"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS520-E9-RS12-E",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.3"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS520-E9-RS8",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.3"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for ESC8000 G4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.4"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for ESC8000 G4/10G",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.4"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS720-E9-RS12-E",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.2"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for WS C621E SAGE",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS500A-E10-PS4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.2"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS500A-E10-RS4",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.2"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS700A-E9-RS12V2",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS700A-E9-RS4V2",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS720A-E9-RS12V2",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.2"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for RS720A-E9-RS24V2",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "BMC firmware for Z11PR-D16",
"vendor": "ASUS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.15.3"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2021-04-06T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The specific function in ASUS BMC\u2019s firmware Web management page (Record video file function) does not filter the specific parameter. As obtaining the administrator permission, remote attackers can use the means of path traversal to access system files."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-22",
"description": "CWE-22 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2021-04-06T05:02:23.000Z",
"orgId": "cded6c7f-6ce5-4948-8f87-aa7a3bbb6b0e",
"shortName": "twcert"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://www.asus.com/content/ASUS-Product-Security-Advisory/"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://www.asus.com/tw/support/callus/"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4576-422ac-1.html"
}
],
"solutions": [
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CVE-2021-28205 (GCVE-0-2021-28205)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-06 05:02 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ASUS BMC's firmware: path traversal - Delete SOL video file function
Summary
The specific function in ASUS BMC’s firmware Web management page (Delete SOL video file function) does not filter the specific parameter. As obtaining the administrator permission, remote attackers can use the means of path traversal to access system files.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.asus.com/content/ASUS-Product-Securit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.asus.com/tw/support/callus/ | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4575-2e32d-1.html | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASUS | BMC firmware for Z10PR-D16 |
Affected:
1.14.51
|
|
| ASUS | BMC firmware for ASMB8-iKVM |
Affected:
1.14.51
|
|
| ASUS | BMC firmware for Z10PE-D16 WS |
Affected:
1.14.2
|
Date Public
2021-04-06 00:00
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CVE-2021-28172 (GCVE-0-2021-28172)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-06 11:20 – Updated: 2024-09-17 03:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Vangene deltaFlow E-platform - Path Traversal
Summary
There is a Path Traversal vulnerability in the file download function of Vangene deltaFlow E-platform. Remote attackers can access credential data with this leakage.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.chtsecurity.com/news/7f0874b5-516b-46… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4619-fd2b9-1.html | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vangene | deltaFlow E-platform |
Affected:
4
|
Date Public
2021-04-06 00:00
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CVE-2021-27916 (GCVE-0-2021-27916)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-17 14:20 – Updated: 2024-09-18 21:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Relative Path Traversal / Arbitrary File Deletion in Mautic (GrapesJS Builder)
Summary
Prior to the patched version, logged in users of Mautic are vulnerable to Relative Path Traversal/Arbitrary File Deletion. Regardless of the level of access the Mautic user had, they could delete files other than those in the media folders such as system files, libraries or other important files.
This vulnerability exists in the implementation of the GrapesJS builder in Mautic.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-17 15:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
Date Public
2024-04-12 17:07
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CVE-2021-27798 (GCVE-0-2021-27798)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-05 15:24 – Updated: 2025-02-15 00:16 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
privileged directory transversal.in Brocade Fabric OS versions 7.4.1.x and 7.3.x
Summary
A vulnerability in Brocade Fabric OS versions 7.4.1b and 7.3.1d could allow local users to conduct privileged directory transversal. Brocade Fabric OS versions 7.4.1.x and 7.3.x have reached end of life. Brocade Fabric OS Users should upgrade to supported versions as described in the Product End-of-Life published report.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-03 14:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.broadcom.com/support/fibre-channel-ne… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brocade | Brocade Fabric OS |
Affected:
Brocade Fabric OS 7.4.1b, and 7.3.1d.
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CVE-2021-27771 (GCVE-0-2021-27771)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-12 21:25 – Updated: 2024-09-17 01:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HCL Sametime is susceptible a file transfer service vulnerability
Summary
User SID can be modified resulting in an Arbitrary File Upload or deletion of directories causing a Denial of Service. When interacting in a normal matter with the Sametime chat application, users hold a cookie containing their session ID (SID). This value is also used when sending chat messages, receiving notifications and/or transferring files.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article&s… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCL Software | Sametime |
Affected:
11.6
|
Date Public
2022-04-15 00:00
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CVE-2021-27473 (GCVE-0-2021-27473)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-03-23 19:46 – Updated: 2025-04-16 16:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rockwell Automation Connected Components Workbench Improper Input Validation
Summary
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Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 15:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-2… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://rockwellautomation.custhelp.com/app/answe… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rockwell Automation | Connected Components Workbench |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ v12.00.00
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CVE-2021-27471 (GCVE-0-2021-27471)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-03-23 19:46 – Updated: 2025-04-16 17:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rockwell Automation Connected Components Workbench Path Traversal
Summary
The parsing mechanism that processes certain file types does not provide input sanitization for file paths. This may allow an attacker to craft malicious files that, when opened by Rockwell Automation Connected Components Workbench v12.00.00 and prior, can traverse the file system. If successfully exploited, an attacker could overwrite existing files and create additional files with the same permissions of the Connected Components Workbench software. User interaction is required for this exploit to be successful.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 17:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-2… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://rockwellautomation.custhelp.com/app/answe… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rockwell Automation | Connected Components Workbench |
Affected:
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CVE-2021-27461 (GCVE-0-2021-27461)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-20 11:51 – Updated: 2024-08-03 20:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in multiple revisions of Emerson Rosemount X-STREAM Gas Analyzer. The affected webserver applications allow access to stored data that can be obtained by using specially crafted URLs.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - IMPROPER LIMITATION OF A PATHNAME TO A RESTRICTED DIRECTORY ('PATH TRAVERSAL') CWE-22
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-138-01 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Emerson Rosemount X-STREAM Gas Analyzer |
Affected:
X-STREAM enhanced XEGP – all revisions, X-STREAM enhanced XEGK – all revisions, X-STREAM enhanced XEFD – all revisions, X-
|
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CVE-2021-27278 (GCVE-0-2021-27278)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-22 17:50 – Updated: 2024-08-03 20:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 16.1.1-49141. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute high-privileged code on the target guest system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the Toolgate component. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied path prior to using it in file operations. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute code in the context of the current user on the host system. Was ZDI-CAN-12130.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.parallels.com/en/125013 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_refsource_MISC |
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.