Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Weakness Allowed-with-Review

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

Many file operations are intended to take place within a restricted directory. By using special elements such as ".." and "/" separators, attackers can escape outside of the restricted location to access files or directories that are elsewhere on the system. One of the most common special elements is the "../" sequence, which in most modern operating systems is interpreted as the parent directory of the current location. This is referred to as relative path traversal. Path traversal also covers the use of absolute pathnames such as "/usr/local/bin" to access unexpected files. This is referred to as absolute path traversal.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry might have children that would be more appropriate.

Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit. Consider children such as CWE-23 (or its descendants) for relative path traversal, or CWE-36 for absolute path traversal.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-706 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-706 · View CWE-1003
CanPrecede: CWE-668 · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated techniques can find areas where path traversal weaknesses exist. However, tuning or customization may be required to remove or de-prioritize path-traversal problems that are only exploitable by the product's administrator - or other privileged users - and thus potentially valid behavior or, at worst, a bug instead of a vulnerability.

Effectiveness: High

Manual Static Analysis

Manual white box techniques may be able to provide sufficient code coverage and reduction of false positives if all file access operations can be assessed within limited time constraints.

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Bytecode Weakness Analysis - including disassembler + source code weakness analysis

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Binary Weakness Analysis - including disassembler + source code weakness analysis

Effectiveness: High

Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: High

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: High

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: High

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Other

In many programming languages, the injection of a null byte (the 0 or NUL) may allow an attacker to truncate a generated filename to apply to a wider range of files. For example, the product may add ".txt" to any pathname, thus limiting the attacker to text files, but a null injection may effectively remove this restriction.

Relationship

Pathname equivalence can be regarded as a type of canonicalization error.

Relationship

Some pathname equivalence issues are not directly related to directory traversal, rather are used to bypass security-relevant checks for whether a file/directory can be accessed by the attacker (e.g. a trailing "/" on a filename could bypass access rules that don't expect a trailing /, causing a server to provide the file when it normally would not).

Terminology

Like other weaknesses, terminology is often based on the types of manipulations used, instead of the underlying weaknesses. Some people use "directory traversal" only to refer to the injection of ".." and equivalent sequences whose specific meaning is to traverse directories.

Other variants like "absolute pathname" and "drive letter" have the *effect* of directory traversal, but some people may not call it such, since it doesn't involve ".." or equivalent.

Research Gap

Many variants of path traversal attacks are probably under-studied with respect to root cause. CWE-790 and CWE-182 begin to cover part of this gap.

Research Gap

Incomplete diagnosis or reporting of vulnerabilities can make it difficult to know which variant is affected. For example, a researcher might say that "..\" is vulnerable, but not test "../" which may also be vulnerable.

Any combination of directory separators ("/", "\", etc.) and numbers of "." (e.g. "....") can produce unique variants; for example, the "//../" variant is not listed (CVE-2004-0325). See this entry's children and lower-level descendants.

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Nick Johnston · 2022-07-11 · CWE 4.9

Identified weakness in Perl demonstrative example

Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Contribution: Drew Buttner · MITRE · 2024-11-01 · CWE 4.16

Identified weakness in "good code" for Python demonstrative example

Contribution: Affan Ahmed · 2025-02-08 · CWE 4.20

Provided a demonstrative example in PHP

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: · Veracode · 2008-08-15 · CWE 1.0

Suggested OWASP Top Ten 2004 mapping

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Relationship_Notes, Relevant_Properties, Taxonomy_Mappings, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-11-24 · CWE 1.1

updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-07-27 · CWE 1.5

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Description, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Name, Observed_Examples, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Research_Gaps, Taxonomy_Mappings, Terminology_Notes, Time_of_Introduction, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Description, Detection_Factors, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Demonstrative_Examples, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-06-23 · CWE 2.7

updated Other_Notes, Research_Gaps

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-01-19 · CWE 2.10

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-05-03 · CWE 2.11

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Causal_Nature, Likelihood_of_Exploit, References, Relationships, Relevant_Properties, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated Observed_Examples, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Demonstrative_Examples, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Observed_Examples, Other_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-04-03 · CWE 4.17

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Name, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

16030 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-49360 (GCVE-0-2024-49360)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-29 18:11 – Updated: 2024-12-02 20:32
VLAI
Title
Path traversal in Sandboxie
Summary
Sandboxie is a sandbox-based isolation software for 32-bit and 64-bit Windows NT-based operating systems. An authenticated user (**UserA**) with no privileges is authorized to read all files created in sandbox belonging to other users in the sandbox folders `C:\Sandbox\UserB\xxx`. An authenticated attacker who can use `explorer.exe` or `cmd.exe` outside any sandbox can read other users' files in `C:\Sandbox\xxx`. By default in Windows 7+, the `C:\Users\UserA` folder is not readable by **UserB**. All files edited or created during the sandbox processing are affected by the vulnerability. All files in C:\Users are safe. If `UserB` runs a cmd in a sandbox, he will be able to access `C:\Sandox\UserA`. In addition, if **UserB** create a folder `C:\Sandbox\UserA` with malicious ACLs, when **UserA** will user the sandbox, Sandboxie doesn't reset ACLs ! This issue has not yet been fixed. Users are advised to limit access to their systems using Sandboxie.
Severity
9.2 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-02 20:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7993 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
sandboxie-plus Sandboxie Affected: < v1.14.6 / 5.69.6
Create a notification for this product.
sandboxie sandboxie Affected: 1.0 , < 1.14.6 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 5.69.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:sandboxie:sandboxie:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-49315 (GCVE-0-2024-49315)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-17 13:29 – Updated: 2026-05-12 22:55
VLAI
Title
WordPress FREE DOWNLOAD MANAGER plugin <= 1.0.0 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in CodeFlock FREE DOWNLOAD MANAGER free-download-manager allows Path Traversal.This issue affects FREE DOWNLOAD MANAGER: from n/a through <= 1.0.0.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-21 15:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3405 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CodeFlock FREE DOWNLOAD MANAGER Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.0.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
codeflock free_download_manager Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.0.0 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:codeflock:free_download_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:28
Credits
stealthcopter | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-49287 (GCVE-0-2024-49287)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-17 17:15 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress PDF-Rechnungsverwaltung plugin <= 0.0.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in mh6webentwicklung PDF-Rechnungsverwaltung pdf-rechnungsverwaltung allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects PDF-Rechnungsverwaltung: from n/a through <= 0.0.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-17 17:47 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3405 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mh6webentwicklung PDF-Rechnungsverwaltung Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.0.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
marco_heine pdf-rechnungsverwaltung Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.0.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:marco_heine:pdf-rechnungsverwaltung:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:28
Credits
tahu.datar | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-49286 (GCVE-0-2024-49286)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-20 08:00 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress SSV Events plugin <= 3.2.7 - Local File Inclusion to RCE vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Jeroen Berkvens SSV Events ssv-events allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects SSV Events: from n/a through <= 3.2.7.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-21 19:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3405 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Jeroen Berkvens SSV Events Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.2.7 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
moridrin ssv_events Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.2.7 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:moridrin:ssv_events:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:28
Credits
tahu.datar | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-49285 (GCVE-0-2024-49285)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-17 17:17 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress SSV MailChimp plugin <= 3.1.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Jeroen Berkvens SSV MailChimp ssv-mailchimp allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects SSV MailChimp: from n/a through <= 3.1.5.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-17 20:12 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3405 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Jeroen Berkvens SSV MailChimp Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.1.5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
moridrin ssv_mailchimp Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.1.5 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:moridrin:ssv_mailchimp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:28
Credits
tahu.datar | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-49245 (GCVE-0-2024-49245)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-16 13:46 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:10
VLAI
Title
WordPress Ahime Image Printer plugin <= 1.0.0 - Arbitrary File Download vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in nahimsalami Ahime Image Printer ahime-image-printer.This issue affects Ahime Image Printer: from n/a through <= 1.0.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-16 13:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3405 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nahimsalami Ahime Image Printer Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.0.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
ahime ahime_image_printer Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.0.0 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:ahime:ahime_image_printer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:28
Credits
stealthcopter | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-49082 (GCVE-0-2024-49082)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-10 17:49 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:30
VLAI
Title
Windows File Explorer Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Windows File Explorer Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-07 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
microsoft CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3963 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507 Affected: 10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.20857 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7606 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6659 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.5247 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.5247 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.4602 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4602 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4602 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.2605 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23016 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27467 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27467 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23016 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23016 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25222 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25222 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22318 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22318 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7606 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7606 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6659 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6659 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.2966 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1308 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.2605 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.2605 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-12-10 08:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-48931 (GCVE-0-2024-48931)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-24 20:49 – Updated: 2024-10-25 17:33
VLAI
Title
ZimaOS Arbitrary File Read via Parameter Manipulation
Summary
ZimaOS is a fork of CasaOS, an operating system for Zima devices and x86-64 systems with UEFI. In version 1.2.4 and all prior versions, the ZimaOS API endpoint `http://<Zima_Server_IP:PORT>/v3/file?token=<token>&files=<file_path>` is vulnerable to arbitrary file reading due to improper input validation. By manipulating the `files` parameter, authenticated users can read sensitive system files, including `/etc/shadow`, which contains password hashes for all users. This vulnerability exposes critical system data and poses a high risk for privilege escalation or system compromise. The vulnerability occurs because the API endpoint does not validate or restrict file paths provided via the `files` parameter. An attacker can exploit this by manipulating the file path to access sensitive files outside the intended directory. As of time of publication, no known patched versions are available.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-25 17:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7993 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IceWhaleTech ZimaOS Affected: <= 1.2.4
Create a notification for this product.
icewhaletech zimaos Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.2.4 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:o:icewhaletech:zimaos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-48914 (GCVE-0-2024-48914)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-15 16:08 – Updated: 2024-10-15 18:56
VLAI
Title
Vendure asset server plugin has local file read vulnerability with AssetServerPlugin & LocalAssetStorageStrategy
Summary
Vendure is an open-source headless commerce platform. Prior to versions 3.0.5 and 2.3.3, a vulnerability in Vendure's asset server plugin allows an attacker to craft a request which is able to traverse the server file system and retrieve the contents of arbitrary files, including sensitive data such as configuration files, environment variables, and other critical data stored on the server. In the same code path is an additional vector for crashing the server via a malformed URI. Patches are available in versions 3.0.5 and 2.3.3. Some workarounds are also available. One may use object storage rather than the local file system, e.g. MinIO or S3, or define middleware which detects and blocks requests with urls containing `/../`.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-15 18:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7993 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vendure-ecommerce vendure Affected: < 2.3.3
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.5
Create a notification for this product.
vendure vendure Affected: 0 , < 2.3.3 (custom)
Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.0.0 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 3.0.5 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:vendure:vendure:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-48885 (GCVE-0-2024-48885)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-16 09:01 – Updated: 2026-07-08 14:04
VLAI
Summary
A improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory ('path traversal') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiRecorder 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, FortiRecorder 7.0.0 through 7.0.4, FortiVoice 7.0.0 through 7.0.4, FortiVoice 6.4.0 through 6.4.9, FortiVoice 6.0 all versions, FortiWeb 7.6.0, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiWeb 7.2 all versions, FortiWeb 7.0 all versions, FortiWeb 6.4 all versions allows attacker to escalate privilege via specially crafted packets.
Severity
5.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-16 14:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Escalation of privilege
Assigner
fortinet CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 58 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiVoice Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.4 (semver)
Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.9 (semver)
Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.0.12 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiRecorder Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.1 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.4 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiWeb Affected: 7.6.0
Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.4 (semver)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.12 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.12 (semver)
Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:6.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:6.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:6.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-48885",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-01-16T14:15:57.157206Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T14:04:41.662Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice:6.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "FortiVoice",
          "vendor": "Fortinet",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.0.12",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "FortiRecorder",
          "vendor": "Fortinet",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.2.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:6.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:6.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:6.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "FortiWeb",
          "vendor": "Fortinet",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.6.0"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.4.4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.12",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.2.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.12",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory (\u0027path traversal\u0027) vulnerability in Fortinet FortiRecorder 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, FortiRecorder 7.0.0 through 7.0.4, FortiVoice 7.0.0 through 7.0.4, FortiVoice 6.4.0 through 6.4.9, FortiVoice 6.0 all versions, FortiWeb 7.6.0, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiWeb 7.2 all versions, FortiWeb 7.0 all versions, FortiWeb 6.4 all versions allows attacker to escalate privilege via specially crafted packets."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 5.2,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-22",
              "description": "Escalation of privilege",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T12:54:14.655Z",
        "orgId": "6abe59d8-c742-4dff-8ce8-9b0ca1073da8",
        "shortName": "fortinet"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-259",
          "url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-259"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Upgrade to upcoming  FortiAuthenticator version 7.0.0 or above\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.6.1 or above\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.4.5 or above\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.2.10 or above\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.0.16 or above\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 6.4.16 or above\nUpgrade to FortiWeb version 7.6.1 or above\nUpgrade to FortiWeb version 7.4.5 or above\nUpgrade to FortiRecorder version 7.2.2 or above\nUpgrade to FortiRecorder version 7.0.5 or above\nUpgrade to FortiManager Cloud version 7.4.4 or above\nUpgrade to FortiProxy version 7.4.6 or above\nUpgrade to FortiProxy version 7.2.12 or above\nUpgrade to FortiProxy version 7.0.19 or above\nUpgrade to FortiVoice version 7.2.0 or above\nUpgrade to FortiVoice version 7.0.5 or above\nUpgrade to FortiVoice version 6.4.10 or above\nFortinet remediated this issue in FortiSASE version 24.3.c and hence customers do not need to perform any action.\nUpgrade to FortiManager version 7.6.2 or above\nUpgrade to FortiManager version 7.4.4 or above"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "6abe59d8-c742-4dff-8ce8-9b0ca1073da8",
    "assignerShortName": "fortinet",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-48885",
    "datePublished": "2025-01-16T09:01:52.958Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-10-09T09:03:09.960Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T14:04:41.662Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
  • Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
  • realpath() in C
  • getCanonicalPath() in Java
  • GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
  • realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
  • realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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