Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
14128 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-63312 (GCVE-0-2026-63312)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-22 14:12 – Updated: 2026-08-24 18:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NLTK StreamBackedCorpusView Bypasses pathsec.ENFORCE Arbitrary File Read
Summary
NLTK before 3.10.0 contains an arbitrary local file read vulnerability in StreamBackedCorpusView that bypasses pathsec.ENFORCE by calling builtins.open() directly instead of pathsec.open(). Attackers who control the fileid argument can read arbitrary local files regardless of the ENFORCE setting, including sensitive system files and application credentials.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-24 18:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-streamb… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-63222 (GCVE-0-2026-63222)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-31 04:06 – Updated: 2026-07-31 15:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CodeIgniter: Path traversal in UploadedFile::move() when using client-provided filenames
Summary
CodeIgniter is a PHP full-stack web framework. Prior to 4.7.4, calling UploadedFile::move() without a second argument uses the client-provided filename without sanitization, allowing a remote attacker to use path traversal sequences to write uploaded content outside the intended directory when the application exposes an upload path. This issue is fixed in version 4.7.4.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-31 15:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/secu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/comm… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/rele… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| codeigniter4 | CodeIgniter4 |
Affected:
< 4.7.4
|
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CVE-2026-63188 (GCVE-0-2026-63188)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 19:47 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
logto-tunnel serves files outside --experience-path via path traversal
Summary
Logto is the modern, open-source auth infrastructure for SaaS and AI apps. Prior to 0.3.9, the Logto Tunnel npm package enabled createStaticFileProxy from packages/tunnel/src/commands/tunnel/index.ts and passed request.url from static asset requests through packages/tunnel/src/commands/tunnel/utils.ts using path.join(staticPath, request.url) and then fs.open(requestPath, "r") without URL normalization or a containment check. When --experience-path was enabled and the tunnel port was reachable, an unauthenticated requester could send a path containing ../ to createStaticFileProxy and read files outside the configured static directory that were readable by the logto-tunnel process. The service used server.listen(port), which could expose the tunnel to other hosts depending on the platform and deployment. This issue is fixed in version 0.3.9.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 21:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/logto-io/logto/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/logto-io/logto/pull/9113 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/logto-io/logto/commit/56868159… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/logto-io/logto/releases/tag/@l… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-63179 (GCVE-0-2026-63179)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 18:06 – Updated: 2026-08-26 18:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Winter: Local File Inclusion through @import directives in LESS compilation of backend customizable stylesheets and theme assets
Summary
Winter CMS is a content management system built on the Laravel PHP framework. In versions up to and including 1.2.12, authenticated backend users can disclose arbitrary files readable by the PHP process by injecting @import (inline) directives into LESS source that the backend compiles, because the LESS parser was instantiated without a safe import resolver and fell back to the raw attacker-supplied path when no allowed root matched. The flaw is reachable through four entry points that share the same root cause: the Brand Settings custom_css field, the Editor Settings html_custom_styles field, the Mail Brand Settings colour-picker fields whose values are concatenated into LESS source without escaping, and theme .less, .sass, and .scss assets compiled when served. Both absolute paths and .. traversal outside the asset's own tree were accepted, so an attacker could read any file the web process can access, most significantly the application .env file and the APP_KEY and database credentials it contains. Exploitation requires a backend account holding one of the associated permissions, which are assigned by default to the built-in Developer role. This issue is fixed in version 1.2.13.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 18:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/wintercms/winter/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/wintercms/storm/commit/af77033… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/wintercms/winter/commit/130f0e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/wintercms/winter/releases/tag/… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-63134 (GCVE-0-2026-63134)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-11 20:29 – Updated: 2026-08-13 15:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Malcolm's Path Traversal in Archive Extraction Allows Arbitrary Directory Creation
Summary
Malcolm is a network traffic analysis tool suite. Prior to version 26.07.0, `safe-extract.py` protects file extraction with libarchive's secure flags, but creates directory entries with a raw `os.makedirs(os.path.join(dest, entry.pathname))` that has no traversal protection. An uploaded malicious archive containing a directory entry with a `../` sequence or an absolute path causes the filebeat processing container to create directories outside the intended extraction directory. Version 26.07.0 fixes the issue.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 14:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cisagov/Malcolm/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cisagov/Malcolm/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-62999 (GCVE-0-2026-62999)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-31 19:41 – Updated: 2026-07-31 19:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Copier: Percent-encoded dot segments in template URLs can allow trusted-prefix escape (Incomplete fix for trust-prefix bypass)
Summary
Copier is a library and CLI app for rendering project templates. From 9.5.0 through 9.16.0, percent-encoded parent-directory segments or encoded path separators in a template URL can match a configured trusted repository prefix before an HTTP server or Git transport decodes the path, allowing unsafe template features from a repository outside the trusted prefix to run after user interaction. This issue is fixed in version 9.17.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-31 19:59 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/copier-org/copier/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/copier-org/copier/commit/7408f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/copier-org/copier/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| copier-org | copier |
Affected:
>= 9.5.0, <= 9.16.0
|
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CVE-2026-62996 (GCVE-0-2026-62996)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 15:04 – Updated: 2026-08-07 17:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Smarty Security stream restriction bypass through stream: resource
Summary
Smarty is a template engine for PHP, facilitating the separation of presentation (HTML/CSS) from application logic. From 5.0.0 until 5.8.4, Smarty's stream: resource-name handling does not adequately restrict which PHP stream wrappers and filter chains can be referenced from a template, allowing a php://filter-wrapped resource name to be used to read the contents of arbitrary local files accessible to the PHP process. An attacker able to author or influence a template's resource reference could exploit this to disclose sensitive file contents outside the intended template/config scope. This issue is fixed in version 5.8.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 17:06 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/1195 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/commit/3c9f7… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| smarty-php | smarty |
Affected:
>= 5.0.0, < 5.8.4
|
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CVE-2026-62992 (GCVE-0-2026-62992)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 15:02 – Updated: 2026-08-07 16:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Smarty: Symlink path traversal out of trusted directories
Summary
Smarty is a template engine for PHP, facilitating the separation of presentation (HTML/CSS) from application logic. Prior to 5.8.2 (and 4.5.7 on the 4.x line), Security::_checkDir() does not fully resolve symbolic links before validating that a requested path lies within a configured secure directory. An attacker able to place or reference a symlink within a directory Smarty treats as trusted (e.g., a template or config directory) could use it to point outside the intended secure directory, bypassing the containment check and reading arbitrary files accessible to the PHP process. This issue is fixed in versions 5.8.2 and 4.5.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 16:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/commit/99c04… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/commit/a1ccd… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| smarty-php | smarty |
Affected:
>= 5.0.0, < 5.8.2
Affected: < 4.5.7 |
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CVE-2026-62947 (GCVE-0-2026-62947)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 17:55 – Updated: 2026-07-15 19:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenWrt: ACL bypass and arbitrary root file read via cgi-io cgi-download
Summary
OpenWrt is a Linux operating system targeting embedded devices. Prior to 25.12.5, the cgi-download handler in cgi-io authorizes the requested path against the caller's ubus session file ACL before canonicalization, and rpcd session.c uses fnmatch() without FNM_PATHNAME, allowing traversal such as an allowed wildcard prefix followed by ../ to read root-readable files including /etc/shadow. This vulnerability is fixed in 25.12.5.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 19:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/openwrt/cgi-io/pull/4 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/openwrt/cgi-io/commit/72990b74… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-62843 (GCVE-0-2026-62843)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 15:42 – Updated: 2026-07-15 16:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
File Browser: Archive builder turns backslash filenames into path traversal (zip-slip)
Summary
File Browser is a file managing interface for uploading, deleting, previewing, renaming, and editing files within a specified directory. From 2.63.6 to 2.63.16, File Browser's archive builder uses strings.ReplaceAll(nameInArchive, "\", "/"), which turns a POSIX filename such as ..\..\evil.sh into the archive entry ../../evil.sh, allowing a user with upload permission to plant a backslash-named file that escapes the extraction directory when another user downloads and extracts the generated zip or tar archive. This issue is fixed in version 2.63.17.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 16:25 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| filebrowser | filebrowser |
Affected:
>= 2.63.6, < 2.63.17
|
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.