CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
13064 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-VPGF-FGM8-GXR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-28 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-01 13:29Users can read any files by log server, Apache DolphinScheduler users should upgrade to version 2.0.6 or higher.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.dolphinscheduler:dolphinscheduler"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26884"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-31T19:37:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-28T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Users can read any files by log server, Apache DolphinScheduler users should upgrade to version 2.0.6 or higher.",
"id": "GHSA-vpgf-fgm8-gxr2",
"modified": "2022-11-01T13:29:32Z",
"published": "2022-10-28T12:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26884"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/dolphinscheduler"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/dolphinscheduler/releases/tag/2.0.6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/xfdst5y4hnrm2ntmc5jzrgmw2htyyb9c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/10/28/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache DolphinScheduler vulnerable to Path Traversal"
}
GHSA-VPH5-2Q33-7R9H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-24 18:31 – Updated: 2025-06-04 22:48Jenkins Git server Plugin uses the args4j library to parse command arguments and options on the Jenkins controller when processing Git commands received via SSH. This command parser has a feature that replaces an @ character followed by a file path in an argument with the file’s contents (expandAtFiles). This feature is enabled by default and Git server Plugin 99.va_0826a_b_cdfa_d and earlier does not disable it.
This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to read the first two lines of arbitrary files on the Jenkins controller file system using the default character encoding of the Jenkins controller process.
See SECURITY-3314 for further information about the potential impact of being able to read files on the Jenkins controller, as well as the limitations for reading binary files. Note that for this issue, unlike SECURITY-3314, attackers need Overall/Read permission.
Fix Description
Git server Plugin 99.101.v720e86326c09 disables the command parser feature that replaces an @ character followed by a file path in an argument with the file’s contents for CLI commands.
Workaround
Navigate to Manage Jenkins » Security and ensure that the SSHD Port setting in the SSH Server section is set to Disable. This disables access to Git repositories hosted by Jenkins (and the Jenkins CLI) via SSH.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:git-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "99.101.v720e86326c09"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23899"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-24T21:45:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-24T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins Git server Plugin uses the [args4j](https://github.com/kohsuke/args4j) library to parse command arguments and options on the Jenkins controller when processing Git commands received via SSH. This command parser has a feature that replaces an @ character followed by a file path in an argument with the file\u2019s contents (`expandAtFiles`). This feature is enabled by default and Git server Plugin 99.va_0826a_b_cdfa_d and earlier does not disable it.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to read the first two lines of arbitrary files on the Jenkins controller file system using the default character encoding of the Jenkins controller process.\n\nSee [SECURITY-3314](https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2024-01-24/#SECURITY-3314) for further information about the potential impact of being able to read files on the Jenkins controller, as well as the [limitations for reading binary files](https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2024-01-24/#binary-files-note). Note that for this issue, unlike SECURITY-3314, attackers need Overall/Read permission.\n\n## Fix Description\nGit server Plugin 99.101.v720e86326c09 disables the command parser feature that replaces an @ character followed by a file path in an argument with the file\u2019s contents for CLI commands.\n\n## Workaround\nNavigate to Manage Jenkins \u00bb Security and ensure that the SSHD Port setting in the SSH Server section is set to Disable. This disables access to Git repositories hosted by Jenkins (and the Jenkins CLI) via SSH.",
"id": "GHSA-vph5-2q33-7r9h",
"modified": "2025-06-04T22:48:07Z",
"published": "2024-01-24T18:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/git-server-plugin/commit/068ac7cc2574882ef9f5a486e001228a71d881ad"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/git-server-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2024-01-24/#SECURITY-3319"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/01/24/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Arbitrary file read vulnerability in Git server Plugin can lead to RCE"
}
GHSA-VPHC-878C-44GV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-23 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in add-ons.org Drag and Drop File Upload for Elementor Forms allows Path Traversal. This issue affects Drag and Drop File Upload for Elementor Forms: from n/a through 1.4.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47492"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-23T13:15:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027) vulnerability in add-ons.org Drag and Drop File Upload for Elementor Forms allows Path Traversal. This issue affects Drag and Drop File Upload for Elementor Forms: from n/a through 1.4.3.",
"id": "GHSA-vphc-878c-44gv",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:15Z",
"published": "2025-05-23T15:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47492"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/drag-and-drop-file-upload-for-elementor-forms/vulnerability/wordpress-drag-and-drop-file-upload-for-elementor-forms-1-4-3-arbitrary-file-deletion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VPHM-8X59-C77V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:47 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:47Directory traversal vulnerability in config/config.php in ezRecipe-Zee 91, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the cfg[prePath] parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-3694"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-10-13T10:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Directory traversal vulnerability in config/config.php in ezRecipe-Zee 91, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the cfg[prePath] parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-vphm-8x59-c77v",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:47:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:47:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3694"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/53696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/58709"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/expldownload/1/7380/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VPJC-4JCV-JC29
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-19 03:30 – Updated: 2023-09-21 17:09NATS nats-server 2.2.0 through 2.7.4 allows directory traversal because of an unintended path to a management action from a management account.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/nats-io/nats-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28357"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-09-21T17:09:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-19T02:15:54Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "NATS nats-server 2.2.0 through 2.7.4 allows directory traversal because of an unintended path to a management action from a management account.",
"id": "GHSA-vpjc-4jcv-jc29",
"modified": "2023-09-21T17:09:04Z",
"published": "2023-09-19T03:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28357"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisories.nats.io/CVE/CVE-2022-28357.txt"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/releases/tag/v2.7.4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "NATS nats-server allows directory traversal via unintended path to a management action "
}
GHSA-VPPR-9J2X-VP8J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:45 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:45A security vulnerability was identified in 3PAR Service Processor (SP) prior to SP-4.4.0.GA-110(MU7). The vulnerability may be locally exploited to allow directory traversal.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-7098"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-14T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability was identified in 3PAR Service Processor (SP) prior to SP-4.4.0.GA-110(MU7). The vulnerability may be locally exploited to allow directory traversal.",
"id": "GHSA-vppr-9j2x-vp8j",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:45:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:45:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7098"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbst03861en_us"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbst03884en_us"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VPQX-F7GF-QP3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-14 00:31A malicious actor with access to the UniFi Play network could exploit a Path Traversal vulnerability found in the device firmware to write files on the system that could be used for a remote code execution (RCE).
Affected Products: UniFi Play PowerAmp (Version 1.0.35 and earlier) UniFi Play Audio Port (Version 1.0.24 and earlier)
Mitigation: Update UniFi Play PowerAmp to Version 1.0.38 or later Update UniFi Play Audio Port to Version 1.1.9 or later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22562"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-13T22:16:27Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A malicious actor with access to the UniFi Play network could exploit a Path Traversal vulnerability found in the device firmware to write files on the system that could be used for a remote code execution (RCE).\n \nAffected Products:\nUniFi Play PowerAmp (Version 1.0.35 and earlier)\nUniFi Play Audio Port\u00a0 (Version 1.0.24 and earlier)\n \nMitigation:\nUpdate UniFi Play PowerAmp to Version 1.0.38 or later\nUpdate UniFi Play Audio Port\u00a0 to Version 1.1.9 or later",
"id": "GHSA-vpqx-f7gf-qp3x",
"modified": "2026-04-14T00:31:11Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T00:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22562"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.ui.com/releases/Security-Advisory-Bulletin-063/e468dd4b-5090-4ef8-89d8-939903c08e83"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VPRR-Q85P-79MF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-01 21:41 – Updated: 2026-04-06 17:24Summary
A Path Traversal vulnerability in chat endpoints allows an authenticated attacker to read and delete arbitrary files under their user data root (for example secrets.json and settings.json) by supplying avatar_url="..".
Details
The input validator used by avatar_url blocks only / and NUL bytes, but does not block traversal segments like ...
Evidence:
- Weak validator regex (does not reject ..):
https://github.com/SillyTavern/SillyTavern/blob/b7bb8be35a5c779b4db12a4a5b94d7e49096071c/src/middleware/validateFileName.js#L24-L27
- Vulnerable delete path construction:
https://github.com/SillyTavern/SillyTavern/blob/b7bb8be35a5c779b4db12a4a5b94d7e49096071c/src/endpoints/chats.js#L575-L577
- Vulnerable export path construction:
https://github.com/SillyTavern/SillyTavern/blob/b7bb8be35a5c779b4db12a4a5b94d7e49096071c/src/endpoints/chats.js#L595-L598
- Endpoint auth context (authenticated user access):
https://github.com/SillyTavern/SillyTavern/blob/b7bb8be35a5c779b4db12a4a5b94d7e49096071c/src/server-main.js#L239
Because avatar_url=".." is accepted, path.join(<user>/chats, "..") resolves to <user>/, enabling direct access to files outside the chats directory.
PoC
Prerequisites:
- Valid authenticated session cookie (cookie.txt)
- Valid CSRF token ($TOKEN)
Read sensitive file (secrets.json):
curl -b cookie.txt -H "x-csrf-token: $TOKEN" -H "content-type: application/json" \
-d '{"avatar_url":"..","is_group":false,"file":"secrets.json","format":"jsonl","exportfilename":"x"}' \
http://TARGET:8000/api/chats/export
Delete sensitive file (settings.json):
curl -b cookie.txt -H "x-csrf-token: $TOKEN" -H "content-type: application/json" \
-d '{"avatar_url":"..","chatfile":"settings.json"}' \
http://TARGET:8000/api/chats/delete
Impact
- Confidentiality: exposed per-user secrets and config data.
- Integrity/Availability: attacker can delete critical per-user files and break account operation.
- Risk is significant in multi-user or remotely reachable deployments.
Resolution
The issue was addressed in version 1.17.0
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.16.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "sillytavern"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.17.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-34524"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-01T21:41:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-02T18:16:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\nA Path Traversal vulnerability in chat endpoints allows an authenticated attacker to read and delete arbitrary files under their user data root (for example `secrets.json` and `settings.json`) by supplying `avatar_url=\"..\"`.\n\n### Details\nThe input validator used by `avatar_url` blocks only `/` and NUL bytes, but does not block traversal segments like `..`.\n\nEvidence:\n- Weak validator regex (does not reject `..`): \n \u003chttps://github.com/SillyTavern/SillyTavern/blob/b7bb8be35a5c779b4db12a4a5b94d7e49096071c/src/middleware/validateFileName.js#L24-L27\u003e\n- Vulnerable delete path construction: \n \u003chttps://github.com/SillyTavern/SillyTavern/blob/b7bb8be35a5c779b4db12a4a5b94d7e49096071c/src/endpoints/chats.js#L575-L577\u003e\n- Vulnerable export path construction: \n \u003chttps://github.com/SillyTavern/SillyTavern/blob/b7bb8be35a5c779b4db12a4a5b94d7e49096071c/src/endpoints/chats.js#L595-L598\u003e\n- Endpoint auth context (authenticated user access): \n \u003chttps://github.com/SillyTavern/SillyTavern/blob/b7bb8be35a5c779b4db12a4a5b94d7e49096071c/src/server-main.js#L239\u003e\n\nBecause `avatar_url=\"..\"` is accepted, `path.join(\u003cuser\u003e/chats, \"..\")` resolves to `\u003cuser\u003e/`, enabling direct access to files outside the chats directory.\n\n### PoC\nPrerequisites:\n- Valid authenticated session cookie (`cookie.txt`)\n- Valid CSRF token (`$TOKEN`)\n\nRead sensitive file (`secrets.json`):\n\n```bash\ncurl -b cookie.txt -H \"x-csrf-token: $TOKEN\" -H \"content-type: application/json\" \\\n -d \u0027{\"avatar_url\":\"..\",\"is_group\":false,\"file\":\"secrets.json\",\"format\":\"jsonl\",\"exportfilename\":\"x\"}\u0027 \\\n http://TARGET:8000/api/chats/export\n```\n\nDelete sensitive file (`settings.json`):\n\n```bash\ncurl -b cookie.txt -H \"x-csrf-token: $TOKEN\" -H \"content-type: application/json\" \\\n -d \u0027{\"avatar_url\":\"..\",\"chatfile\":\"settings.json\"}\u0027 \\\n http://TARGET:8000/api/chats/delete\n```\n\n### Impact\n- Confidentiality: exposed per-user secrets and config data.\n- Integrity/Availability: attacker can delete critical per-user files and break account operation.\n- Risk is significant in multi-user or remotely reachable deployments.\n\n### Resolution\n\nThe issue was addressed in version 1.17.0",
"id": "GHSA-vprr-q85p-79mf",
"modified": "2026-04-06T17:24:25Z",
"published": "2026-04-01T21:41:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SillyTavern/SillyTavern/security/advisories/GHSA-vprr-q85p-79mf"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34524"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/SillyTavern/SillyTavern"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SillyTavern/SillyTavern/releases/tag/1.17.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "SillyTavern: Path Traversal in `/api/chats/export` and `/api/chats/delete` allows arbitrary file read/delete within user data root"
}
GHSA-VPVC-PQ35-VHFW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:46 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:46Directory traversal vulnerability in the Preboot Service in Novell ZENworks Configuration Management (ZCM) 11.1 and 11.1a allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via an opcode 0x21 request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-2215"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-04-09T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Directory traversal vulnerability in the Preboot Service in Novell ZENworks Configuration Management (ZCM) 11.1 and 11.1a allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via an opcode 0x21 request.",
"id": "GHSA-vpvc-pq35-vhfw",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:46:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:46:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/74189"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://download.novell.com/Download?buildid=rs4B5jhWKf8~"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.novell.com/docs/Readmes/InfoDocument/patchbuilder/readme_5127930.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.novell.com/support/viewContent.do?externalId=7010044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.verisigninc.com/en_US/products-and-services/network-intelligence-availability/idefense/public-vulnerability-reports/articles/index.xhtml?id=975"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VPX5-MHRX-64H5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-16 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:41Lack of sufficient path validation in South River Technologies' Titan MFT and Titan SFTP servers on Linux allows an authenticated attacker to get the size of an arbitrary file on the filesystem using path traversal in the ftp "SIZE" command
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45688"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-16T17:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Lack of sufficient path validation in South River Technologies\u0027 Titan MFT and Titan SFTP servers on Linux allows an authenticated attacker to get the size of an arbitrary file on the filesystem using path traversal in the ftp \"SIZE\" command",
"id": "GHSA-vpx5-mhrx-64h5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:41:05Z",
"published": "2023-10-16T18:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpdesk.southrivertech.com/portal/en/kb/articles/security-patch-for-issues-cve-2023-45685-through-cve-2023-45690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2023/10/16/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-south-river-technologies-titan-mft-and-titan-sftp-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.