Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
15939 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-54343 (GCVE-0-2026-54343)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 21:35 – Updated: 2026-09-18 20:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Frappe LMS: Path Traversal in SCORM File Serving
Summary
Frappe Learning Management System (LMS) is a learning system that helps users structure their content. Prior to version 2.52.1, a remote attacker can request a traversal path handled by SCORMRenderer.render in lms/page_renderers.py. The renderer constructs and opens a server-side path without first confirming that its real path remains within public/scorm, allowing files outside the SCORM directory to be read when they are accessible to the server process. This issue is fixed in version 2.52.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 20:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/frappe/lms/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/frappe/lms/pull/2299 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/frappe/lms/commit/e1b425ed5bf0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/frappe/lms/releases/tag/v2.52.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-54336 (GCVE-0-2026-54336)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 21:01 – Updated: 2026-08-18 13:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JumpServer: KoKo Web Terminal SFTP Path Traversal on Authorized Asset
Summary
JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. From 4.8.0 until 4.10.17, an authenticated user with SFTP permission to an authorized asset can submit crafted traversal paths through the KoKo Web Terminal SFTP feature, causing AssetDir.GetRealPath() in pkg/srvconn/sftp_asset.go to resolve paths outside the intended SFTP root and permit read, list, write, rename, or delete operations under the configured backend account on that asset. This issue is fixed in version 4.10.17.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 13:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jumpserver/koko/commit/02fabeb… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jumpserver/koko/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jumpserver | jumpserver |
Affected:
>= 4.8.0, < 4.10.17
|
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CVE-2026-54319 (GCVE-0-2026-54319)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 18:08 – Updated: 2026-06-24 13:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Daytona: Path traversal in sandbox volume id mounts arbitrary host paths into the sandbox — cross-tenant data access and host escape
Summary
Daytona is a secure and elastic infrastructure runtime for AI-generated code execution and agent workflows. Prior to 0.186, a sandbox volume reference (volumeId, which may also be a volume name) was forwarded to the runner and used to build the host bind-mount source path without confinement. A reference containing path-traversal sequences could in principle resolve the mount source outside the intended per-volume base directory. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.186.
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-24 13:36 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/daytonaio/daytona/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-54293 (GCVE-0-2026-54293)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 17:25 – Updated: 2026-09-09 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NLTK: URL-Encoded Path Traversal in nltk.data.load() Allows Arbitrary Local File Read
Summary
NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) is a suite of open source Python modules, data sets, and tutorials supporting research and development in Natural Language Processing. Prior to 3.10.0-rc1, nltk.data.load() in NLTK is vulnerable to path traversal via URL-encoded path separators and traversal segments when using the nltk: URL scheme. The unsafe-path regex check is performed before url2pathname() decodes the %xx sequences (a classic decode-after-check / TOCTOU-style flaw), allowing an attacker to bypass the protection documented in NLTK's SECURITY.md and read arbitrary files from the filesystem. While literal traversal strings such as ../../../etc/passwd are correctly blocked, encoded variants such as %2fetc%2fpasswd, %2e%2e%2f..., and ..%2f..%2f slip past the regex and are subsequently decoded into a real filesystem path. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.10.0-rc1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-22 21:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/pull/3575 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-54293 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2491486 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42644 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:65126 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60520 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
10 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nltk | nltk |
Affected:
< 3.10.0-rc1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1783701598 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1787330903 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1786635926 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1787073459 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1787330585 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Exploit Intelligence |
cpe:/a:redhat:exploit_intelligence:0
|
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Lightspeed |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
|
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CVE-2026-54286 (GCVE-0-2026-54286)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 17:14 – Updated: 2026-06-23 14:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hono: Path traversal in `serve-static` on Windows via encoded backslash (`%5C`)
Summary
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.25, on Windows hosts, an encoded backslash (%5C) in the request path decodes to \, which the Windows path resolver treats as a separator. serve-static then resolves a single URL segment such as admin\secret.txt into a nested file under the root and serves it, letting an attacker read static files meant to be protected behind prefix-mounted middleware. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.25.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 14:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/honojs/hono/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-54250 (GCVE-0-2026-54250)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 17:56 – Updated: 2026-06-26 18:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
K3s: ZIP Archive Path Traversal Vulnerability in etcd Snapshot Decompression
Summary
K3s is a fully conformant production-ready Kubernetes distribution. Prior to 1.35.3+k3s1, 1.34.6+k3s1, v1.33.10+k3s1, a path traversal vulnerability exists in K3s's etcd snapshot decompression functionality. Zip files containing archive members with maliciously crafted names can be written to arbitrary locations on the filesystem when an administrator restores the archive as a compressed etcd snapshot. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.35.3+k3s1, 1.34.6+k3s1, v1.33.10+k3s1.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-26 17:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/k3s-io/k3s/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-54223 (GCVE-0-2026-54223)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-18 12:56 – Updated: 2026-06-18 13:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Remote Code Execution via arbitrary file read and write in UBB.threads
Summary
UBB.threads is vulnerable to Path traversal, allowing attackers with privilege to edit templates to read and write any file on the application’s server that application has privileges to, what results in Remote Code Execution.
Because vendor contact attempts were unsuccessful, the vulnerability has only been confirmed in version 7.7.5 but may also affect other versions.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-18 13:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ubbcentral.com/ | product |
| https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/06/CVE-2026-54219 | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| UBB Systems | UBB.threads |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 7.7.5
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-06-18 12:56
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CVE-2026-54193 (GCVE-0-2026-54193)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 12:47 – Updated: 2026-06-17 15:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Fusion Builder plugin <= 3.15.4 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability
Summary
Contributor Arbitrary File Deletion in Fusion Builder <= 3.15.4 versions.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-17 15:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ThemeFusion | Fusion Builder |
Affected:
n/a , ≤ 3.15.4
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CVE-2026-54178 (GCVE-0-2026-54178)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 17:49 – Updated: 2026-09-16 16:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
backpack/crud: Arbitrary file deletion via attacker-controlled clear_<attr>[] in HasUploadFields::uploadMultipleFilesToDisk
Summary
backpack/crud provides Create, Read, Update & Delete (CRUD) functions for Backpack, a collection of Laravel packages that help users build custom administration panels. Prior to 6.8.12 and 7.0.35, HasUploadFields::uploadMultipleFilesToDisk in src/app/Models/Traits/HasUploadFields.php trusts disk-relative paths from clear_<attribute>[] and passes them to Storage::disk()->delete without confirming that the paths are persisted on the current model record. An authenticated user with Update access to a CRUD using this mutator through src/app/Models/Traits/CrudTrait.php can delete another record's attachment, a shared asset, or another operational file on the configured disk by submitting its path. The newer MultipleFiles uploader is not affected because it intersects requested deletions with the record's persisted file list. This flaw does not permit reading the deleted files. The 5.x line remains affected through its final releases. This issue is fixed in versions 6.8.12 and 7.0.35.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 16:01 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Laravel-Backpack/CRUD/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Laravel-Backpack/CRUD/pull/5982 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Laravel-Backpack/CRUD/pull/5983 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Laravel-Backpack/CRUD/commit/0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Laravel-Backpack/CRUD/commit/b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Laravel-Backpack/CRUD/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Laravel-Backpack/CRUD/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laravel-Backpack | CRUD |
Affected:
>= 5.0.0, < 6.0.0
Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.8.12 Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.35 |
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CVE-2026-54150 (GCVE-0-2026-54150)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 17:25 – Updated: 2026-09-14 19:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
next-video: Unauthenticated arbitrary file read via /api/video request handler
Summary
next-video is a library for adding video to Next.js applications. Prior to 2.8.1, the GET endpoint exported by next-video/request-handler and commonly mounted at /api/video accepts an unauthenticated url query parameter, while src/utils/utils.ts isRemote() treats any value without an HTTP or HTTPS prefix as a local path. src/request-handler.ts passes that value through src/assets.ts getAssetPath() to src/config.ts loadAsset(), which appends a JSON suffix and uses fs.readFile without canonicalizing the path or verifying that it remains inside the configured video folder. A remote attacker can therefore escape the intended asset directory and read JSON files accessible to the application process, including Next.js server-action encryption material, preview-mode keys, build manifests, route metadata, absolute paths, and application video asset identifiers. Applications that do not expose the runtime request handler are not affected through this route. This issue is fixed in version 2.8.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 19:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/muxinc/next-video/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/muxinc/next-video/commit/73abf… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/muxinc/next-video/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| muxinc | next-video |
Affected:
< 2.8.1
|
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.