Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-126

Allowed

Buffer Over-read

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

The product reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations after the targeted buffer.

900 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-66038 (GCVE-0-2025-66038)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-30 17:03 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:15
VLAI
Title
OpenSC: `sc_compacttlv_find_tag` can return out-of-bounds pointers
Summary
OpenSC is an open source smart card tools and middleware. Prior to version 0.27.0, sc_compacttlv_find_tag searches a compact-TLV buffer for a given tag. In compact-TLV, a single byte encodes the tag (high nibble) and value length (low nibble). With a 1-byte buffer {0x0A}, the encoded element claims tag=0 and length=10 but no value bytes follow. Calling sc_compacttlv_find_tag with search tag 0x00 returns a pointer equal to buf+1 and outlen=10 without verifying that the claimed value length fits within the remaining buffer. In cases where the sc_compacttlv_find_tag is provided untrusted data (such as being read from cards/files), attackers may be able to influence it to return out-of-bounds pointers leading to downstream memory corruption when subsequent code tries to dereference the pointer. This issue has been patched in version 0.27.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-01 18:15 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenSC OpenSC Affected: < 0.27.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62792 (GCVE-0-2025-62792)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 16:50 – Updated: 2025-10-29 18:10
VLAI
Title
Wazuh vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Over-read in w_expression_match
Summary
Wazuh is a free and open source platform used for threat prevention, detection, and response. Prior to 4.12.0, a buffer over-read occurs in w_expression_match() when strlen() is called on str_test, because the corresponding buffer is not being properly NULL terminated during its allocation in OS_CleanMSG(). A compromised agent can cause a READ operation beyond the end of the allocated buffer (which may contain sensitive information) by sending a specially crafted message to the wazuh manager. An attacker who is able to craft and send an agent message to the wazuh manager can cause a buffer over-read and potentially access sensitive data. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-29 18:10 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wazuh wazuh Affected: < 4.12.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62787 (GCVE-0-2025-62787)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 16:30 – Updated: 2025-10-29 17:38
VLAI
Title
Wazuh Vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Over-read in DecodeWinevt
Summary
Wazuh is a free and open source platform used for threat prevention, detection, and response. Prior to 4.10.2, a buffer over-read occurs in DecodeWinevt() when child_attr[p]->attributes[j] is accessed, because the corresponding index (j) is incorrect. A compromised agent can cause a READ operation beyond the end of the allocated buffer (which may contain sensitive information) by sending a specially crafted message to the wazuh manager. An attacker who is able to craft and send an agent message to the wazuh manager can cause a buffer over-read and potentially access sensitive data. While the buffer over-read is always triggered while resolving the arguments of mdebug2, specific configuration options (analysisd.debug=2) need to be in place for the respective data to be leaked. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.10.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-29 17:38 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wazuh wazuh Affected: < 4.10.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62560 (GCVE-0-2025-62560)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:56 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:18
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Untrusted pointer dereference in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-10 04:56 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Excel 2016 Affected: 16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.5530.1000 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office 2019 Affected: 19.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < https://aka.ms/OfficeSecurityReleases (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2021 Affected: 16.0.1 , < 16.104.25121423 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Microsoft Office LTSC for Mac 2024 Affected: 16.0.0 , < 16.104.25121423 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Office Online Server Affected: 16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.10417.20075 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62473 (GCVE-0-2025-62473)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:55 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:18
VLAI
Title
Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Buffer over-read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-09 20:17 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8688 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6691 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6691 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7462 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.28064 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.28064 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23666 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23666 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25815 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25815 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22920 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22920 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8688 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8688 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4529 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2025 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62467 (GCVE-0-2025-62467)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:55 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:18
VLAI
Title
Windows Projected File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Projected File System allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-10 04:56 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4529 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62464 (GCVE-0-2025-62464)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:55 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:18
VLAI
Title
Windows Projected File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Buffer over-read in Windows Projected File System allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-10 04:56 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4529 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62462 (GCVE-0-2025-62462)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:55 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:18
VLAI
Title
Windows Projected File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Buffer over-read in Windows Projected File System allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-10 04:56 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4529 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-62461 (GCVE-0-2025-62461)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:55 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:18
VLAI
Title
Windows Projected File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Buffer over-read in Windows Projected File System Filter Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-10 04:56 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6691 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6345 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8146 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4529 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-60720 (GCVE-0-2025-60720)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-11 17:59 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57
VLAI
Title
Windows Transport Driver Interface (TDI) Translation Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Buffer over-read in Windows TDX.sys allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-12 04:57 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8594 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8027 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6575 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6575 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6199 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6199 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7171 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7171 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.28021 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.28021 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23624 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23624 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25768 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25768 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22869 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22869 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8594 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8594 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8027 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8027 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4405 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1965 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7171 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7171 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-11-11 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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      "datePublic": "2025-11-11T08:00:00.000Z",
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        {
          "lang": "en-US",
          "value": "Buffer over-read in Windows TDX.sys allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally."
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C",
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              "description": "CWE-126: Buffer Over-read",
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      "providerMetadata": {
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        "orgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8",
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    "datePublished": "2025-11-11T17:59:39.877Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-26T05:03:24.537Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T16:57:22.384Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.