Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11403 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CQ3H-J934-FGJG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-23 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:07
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.5 and iPadOS 16.5, macOS Ventura 13.4, watchOS 9.5, tvOS 16.5. Processing an image may result in disclosure of process memory
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32372"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-23T18:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.5 and iPadOS 16.5, macOS Ventura 13.4, watchOS 9.5, tvOS 16.5. Processing an image may result in disclosure of process memory",
"id": "GHSA-cq3h-j934-fgjg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:07:35Z",
"published": "2023-06-23T18:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32372"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213758"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213761"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213764"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQ3W-R62M-5JVQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-18 09:30
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
apparmor: validate DFA start states are in bounds in unpack_pdb
Start states are read from untrusted data and used as indexes into the DFA state tables. The aa_dfa_next() function call in unpack_pdb() will access dfa->tables[YYTD_ID_BASE][start], and if the start state exceeds the number of states in the DFA, this results in an out-of-bound read.
================================================================== BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in aa_dfa_next+0x2a1/0x360 Read of size 4 at addr ffff88811956fb90 by task su/1097 ...
Reject policies with out-of-bounds start states during unpacking to prevent the issue.
Severity
7.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23269"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-18T18:16:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\napparmor: validate DFA start states are in bounds in unpack_pdb\n\nStart states are read from untrusted data and used as indexes into the\nDFA state tables. The aa_dfa_next() function call in unpack_pdb() will\naccess dfa-\u003etables[YYTD_ID_BASE][start], and if the start state exceeds\nthe number of states in the DFA, this results in an out-of-bound read.\n\n==================================================================\n BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in aa_dfa_next+0x2a1/0x360\n Read of size 4 at addr ffff88811956fb90 by task su/1097\n ...\n\nReject policies with out-of-bounds start states during unpacking\nto prevent the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-cq3w-r62m-5jvq",
"modified": "2026-04-18T09:30:17Z",
"published": "2026-03-18T18:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23269"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/07cf6320f40ea2ccfad63728cff34ecb309d03da"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0baadb0eece2c4d939db10d3c323b4652ac79a58"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15c3eb8916e7db01cb246d04a1fe6f0fdc065b0c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3bb7db43e32190c973d4019037cedb7895920184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5443c027ec16afa55b1b8a3e7a1ab2ea3c77767a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5487871b2b56c19d26936ed6fdc62652b30941df"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9063d7e2615f4a7ab321de6b520e23d370e58816"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f43eea8ae0102ea198da211ef7f5ce83725ecf19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualys.com/2026/03/10/crack-armor.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQ44-4C86-V79X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-12 21:30
VLAI
Details
InDesign Desktop versions ID18.5.3, ID19.5 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49512"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T21:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "InDesign Desktop versions ID18.5.3, ID19.5 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-cq44-4c86-v79x",
"modified": "2024-11-12T21:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-11-12T21:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49512"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/indesign/apsb24-88.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQ46-G62R-QWFF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:15 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:15
VLAI
Details
The r_read_le32() function in radare2 2.5.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted ELF file.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-05-22T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The r_read_le32() function in radare2 2.5.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based out-of-bounds read and application crash) via a crafted ELF file.",
"id": "GHSA-cq46-g62r-qwff",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:15:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:15:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/radare/radare2/issues/9904"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/radare/radare2/commit/1f37c04f2a762500222dda2459e6a04646feeedf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQ4C-H8JQ-JGH9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:07 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:07
VLAI
Details
An exploitable out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the way MiniSNMPD version 1.4 parses incoming SNMP packets. A specially crafted SNMP request can trigger an out-of-bounds memory read, which can result in the disclosure of sensitive information and denial of service. To trigger this vulnerability, an attacker needs to send a specially crafted packet to the vulnerable server.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6058"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-02-04T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An exploitable out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the way MiniSNMPD version 1.4 parses incoming SNMP packets. A specially crafted SNMP request can trigger an out-of-bounds memory read, which can result in the disclosure of sensitive information and denial of service. To trigger this vulnerability, an attacker needs to send a specially crafted packet to the vulnerable server.",
"id": "GHSA-cq4c-h8jq-jgh9",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:07:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:07:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-0975"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQ4F-48G6-262V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-20 00:00
VLAI
Details
Nginx NJS v0.7.7 was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via njs_utf8_next at src/njs_utf8.h
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38890"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-15T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Nginx NJS v0.7.7 was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via njs_utf8_next at src/njs_utf8.h",
"id": "GHSA-cq4f-48g6-262v",
"modified": "2022-09-20T00:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-09-16T00:00:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38890"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nginx/njs/issues/569"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQ58-982Q-HXWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:28 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:50
VLAI
Details
In GraphicsMagick 1.3.27a, there is a buffer over-read in ReadPALMImage in coders/palm.c when QuantumDepth is 8.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-17783"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-12-20T09:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In GraphicsMagick 1.3.27a, there is a buffer over-read in ReadPALMImage in coders/palm.c when QuantumDepth is 8.",
"id": "GHSA-cq58-982q-hxwf",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:50:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:28:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-17783"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/graphicsmagick/bugs/529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4248-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4321"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://hg.graphicsmagick.org/hg/GraphicsMagick?cmd=changeset%3Bnode=60932931559a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://hg.graphicsmagick.org/hg/GraphicsMagick?cmd=changeset;node=60932931559a"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQ6J-H35C-X8GR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:00
VLAI
Details
In tnef before 1.4.18, an attacker may be able to write to the victim's .ssh/authorized_keys file via an e-mail message with a crafted winmail.dat application/ms-tnef attachment, because of a heap-based buffer over-read involving strdup.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-18849"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-11T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In tnef before 1.4.18, an attacker may be able to write to the victim\u0027s .ssh/authorized_keys file via an e-mail message with a crafted winmail.dat application/ms-tnef attachment, because of a heap-based buffer over-read involving strdup.",
"id": "GHSA-cq6j-h35c-x8gr",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:00:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-18849"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/verdammelt/tnef/pull/40"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/verdammelt/tnef/compare/1.4.17...1.4.18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/11/msg00035.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/08/msg00025.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RMKFSHPMOZL7MDWU5RYOTIBTRWSZ4Z6X"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/W7CPKBW4QZ4VIY4UXIUVUSHRJ4R2FROE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4524-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQ6M-J4VH-QX8F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 12:31 – Updated: 2025-05-13 12:31
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability has been identified in SCALANCE LPE9403 (6GK5998-3GS00-2AC2) (All versions). Affected devices do not properly validate incoming Profinet packets. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted malicious packet, which leads to a crash of the dcpd process.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-40577"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-13T10:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SCALANCE LPE9403 (6GK5998-3GS00-2AC2) (All versions). Affected devices do not properly validate incoming Profinet packets.\nAn unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted malicious packet, which leads to a crash of the dcpd process.",
"id": "GHSA-cq6m-j4vh-qx8f",
"modified": "2025-05-13T12:31:36Z",
"published": "2025-05-13T12:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-327438.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQ7H-GHP5-QGHC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:52 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:30
VLAI
Details
A denial of service vulnerability exists in the handling of the MXIT protocol in Pidgin. Specially crafted MXIT data sent from the server could potentially result in an out-of-bounds read. A malicious server or man-in-the-middle attacker can send invalid data to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-2370"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-06T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A denial of service vulnerability exists in the handling of the MXIT protocol in Pidgin. Specially crafted MXIT data sent from the server could potentially result in an out-of-bounds read. A malicious server or man-in-the-middle attacker can send invalid data to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-cq7h-ghp5-qghc",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:30:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:52:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2370"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201701-38"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.pidgin.im/news/security/?id=103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91335"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.talosintelligence.com/reports/TALOS-2016-0138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3031-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.