CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11401 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3RCM-5VQM-53W6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-26 12:30 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nfnetlink_osf: validate individual option lengths in fingerprints
nfnl_osf_add_callback() validates opt_num bounds and string NUL-termination but does not check individual option length fields. A zero-length option causes nf_osf_match_one() to enter the option matching loop even when foptsize sums to zero, which matches packets with no TCP options where ctx->optp is NULL:
Oops: general protection fault KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000007] RIP: 0010:nf_osf_match_one (net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c:98) Call Trace: nf_osf_match (net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c:227) xt_osf_match_packet (net/netfilter/xt_osf.c:32) ipt_do_table (net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.c:293) nf_hook_slow (net/netfilter/core.c:623) ip_local_deliver (net/ipv4/ip_input.c:262) ip_rcv (net/ipv4/ip_input.c:573)
Additionally, an MSS option (kind=2) with length < 4 causes out-of-bounds reads when nf_osf_match_one() unconditionally accesses optp[2] and optp[3] for MSS value extraction. While RFC 9293 section 3.2 specifies that the MSS option is always exactly 4 bytes (Kind=2, Length=4), the check uses "< 4" rather than "!= 4" because lengths greater than 4 do not cause memory safety issues -- the buffer is guaranteed to be at least foptsize bytes by the ctx->optsize == foptsize check.
Reject fingerprints where any option has zero length, or where an MSS option has length less than 4, at add time rather than trusting these values in the packet matching hot path.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23397"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-26T11:16:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnfnetlink_osf: validate individual option lengths in fingerprints\n\nnfnl_osf_add_callback() validates opt_num bounds and string\nNUL-termination but does not check individual option length fields.\nA zero-length option causes nf_osf_match_one() to enter the option\nmatching loop even when foptsize sums to zero, which matches packets\nwith no TCP options where ctx-\u003eoptp is NULL:\n\n Oops: general protection fault\n KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000007]\n RIP: 0010:nf_osf_match_one (net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c:98)\n Call Trace:\n nf_osf_match (net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c:227)\n xt_osf_match_packet (net/netfilter/xt_osf.c:32)\n ipt_do_table (net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.c:293)\n nf_hook_slow (net/netfilter/core.c:623)\n ip_local_deliver (net/ipv4/ip_input.c:262)\n ip_rcv (net/ipv4/ip_input.c:573)\n\nAdditionally, an MSS option (kind=2) with length \u003c 4 causes\nout-of-bounds reads when nf_osf_match_one() unconditionally accesses\noptp[2] and optp[3] for MSS value extraction. While RFC 9293\nsection 3.2 specifies that the MSS option is always exactly 4\nbytes (Kind=2, Length=4), the check uses \"\u003c 4\" rather than\n\"!= 4\" because lengths greater than 4 do not cause memory\nsafety issues -- the buffer is guaranteed to be at least\nfoptsize bytes by the ctx-\u003eoptsize == foptsize check.\n\nReject fingerprints where any option has zero length, or where an MSS\noption has length less than 4, at add time rather than trusting these\nvalues in the packet matching hot path.",
"id": "GHSA-3rcm-5vqm-53w6",
"modified": "2026-07-14T15:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-03-26T12:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23397"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/224f4678812e1a7bc8341bcb666773a0aec5ea6f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3932620c04c2938c93c0890c225960d3d34ba355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c11b5c2436a3a5b450612ab160e3a525b28cfb5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c6aa008b913e808c4f4d3cde36cb1d9bb5967c6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa0574182c46963c3cdb8cde46ec93aca21100d8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbdfaae9609629a9569362e3b8f33d0a20fd783c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9cf17b91e733fec725ebcc0b3098bc5ccd505e0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec8bf0571b142f29dc0b68ae2ac3952f7a464b38"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RJQ-MVXX-WGCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:44 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:44In Exiv2 0.26, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the Exiv2::Image::byteSwap4 function in image.cpp. Remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability to disclose memory data or cause a denial of service via a crafted TIFF file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-17723"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-12T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Exiv2 0.26, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the Exiv2::Image::byteSwap4 function in image.cpp. Remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability to disclose memory data or cause a denial of service via a crafted TIFF file.",
"id": "GHSA-3rjq-mvxx-wgcw",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:44:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:44:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-17723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1524104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201811-14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RM2-4Q4R-254R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-05-22 18:30A flaw was found in the Netfilter subsystem in the Linux kernel. The nfnl_osf_add_callback function did not validate the user mode controlled opt_num field. This flaw allows a local privileged (CAP_NET_ADMIN) attacker to trigger an out-of-bounds read, leading to a crash or information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-39189"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-09T18:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the Netfilter subsystem in the Linux kernel. The nfnl_osf_add_callback function did not validate the user mode controlled opt_num field. This flaw allows a local privileged (CAP_NET_ADMIN) attacker to trigger an out-of-bounds read, leading to a crash or information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-3rm2-4q4r-254r",
"modified": "2024-05-22T18:30:37Z",
"published": "2023-10-09T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39189"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:2394"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:2950"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:3138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-39189"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2226777"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00004.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RM5-W47C-292R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:05In pfkey_dump of af_key.c, there is a possible out-of-bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure in the kernel with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-110373476
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0605"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-22T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In pfkey_dump of af_key.c, there is a possible out-of-bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure in the kernel with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-110373476",
"id": "GHSA-3rm5-w47c-292r",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:05:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0605"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2021-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3RMP-XJXW-CPRH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-23 00:30 – Updated: 2022-12-31 00:30A heap out of bounds read vulnerability exists in the OpenImageIO master-branch-9aeece7a when parsing the image file directory part of a PSD image file. A specially-crafted .psd file can cause a read of arbitrary memory address which can lead to denial of service. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41684"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A heap out of bounds read vulnerability exists in the OpenImageIO master-branch-9aeece7a when parsing the image file directory part of a PSD image file. A specially-crafted .psd file can cause a read of arbitrary memory address which can lead to denial of service. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-3rmp-xjxw-cprh",
"modified": "2022-12-31T00:30:24Z",
"published": "2022-12-23T00:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41684"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T3LET4MEPBSBJZK4EMLEBY4FUXKU5BMN"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5384"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RPQ-HQ8J-R42P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-16 12:30 – Updated: 2023-11-16 12:30Adobe Acrobat Reader versions 23.006.20360 (and earlier) and 20.005.30524 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-44357"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-16T10:15:13Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Adobe Acrobat Reader versions 23.006.20360 (and earlier) and 20.005.30524 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-3rpq-hq8j-r42p",
"modified": "2023-11-16T12:30:21Z",
"published": "2023-11-16T12:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44357"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb23-54.htm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RW8-24H2-6PX6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-08-06 00:00A flaw was found in libwebp in versions before 1.0.1. An out-of-bounds read was found in function WebPMuxCreateInternal. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and to the service availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-25009"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-21T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in libwebp in versions before 1.0.1. An out-of-bounds read was found in function WebPMuxCreateInternal. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and to the service availability.",
"id": "GHSA-3rw8-24h2-6px6",
"modified": "2022-08-06T00:00:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=9100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1956917"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromium.googlesource.com/webm/libwebp/+/95fd65070662e01cc9170c4444f5c0859a710097"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/06/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/06/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20211104-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4930"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RWC-8HQH-2VXH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-28 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-27 21:31Tenda FH1202 v1.2.0.14(408) has a stack overflow vulnerability in the urls parameter of the saveParentControlInfo function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30587"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-28T14:15:15Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda FH1202 v1.2.0.14(408) has a stack overflow vulnerability in the urls parameter of the saveParentControlInfo function.",
"id": "GHSA-3rwc-8hqh-2vxh",
"modified": "2024-08-27T21:31:11Z",
"published": "2024-03-28T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH/FH1202/saveParentControlInfo_urls.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RWQ-PXMH-PW55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-01-02 18:30An unvalidated input in Silicon Labs TrustZone implementation in v4.3.x and earlier of the Gecko SDK allows an attacker to access the trusted region of memory from the untrusted region.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4280"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-02T17:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An unvalidated input in Silicon Labs TrustZone implementation in v4.3.x and earlier of the Gecko SDK allows an attacker to access the trusted region of memory from the untrusted region.",
"id": "GHSA-3rwq-pxmh-pw55",
"modified": "2024-01-02T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2024-01-02T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4280"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.silabs.com/069Vm0000004NinIAE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SiliconLabs/gecko_sdk"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RWX-RPHM-M3G7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:05In fillMainDataBuf of pvmp3_framedecoder.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a heap buffer overflow. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11Android ID: A-173473906
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0558"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-22T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In fillMainDataBuf of pvmp3_framedecoder.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a heap buffer overflow. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11Android ID: A-173473906",
"id": "GHSA-3rwx-rphm-m3g7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:05:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0558"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2021-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.