Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11399 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3GP5-G357-RHQG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-30 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-06 18:30
VLAI
Details
In libcore, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21309"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-30T17:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In libcore, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-3gp5-g357-rhqg",
"modified": "2023-11-06T18:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-10-30T18:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21309"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/android-14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GPV-5CWR-97P5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04
VLAI
Details
Information disclosure issue due to lack of validation of pointer arguments passed to TZ BSP in Snapdragon Wired Infrastructure and Networking
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-11265"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-09T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Information disclosure issue due to lack of validation of pointer arguments passed to TZ BSP in Snapdragon Wired Infrastructure and Networking",
"id": "GHSA-3gpv-5cwr-97p5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/january-2021-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3GQM-7MXG-QM6G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-19 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:35
VLAI
Details
In deserialize of multiple files, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11 Android-12 Android-12L Android-13Android ID: A-256589724
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20935"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-19T20:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In deserialize of multiple files, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11 Android-12 Android-12L Android-13Android ID: A-256589724",
"id": "GHSA-3gqm-7mxg-qm6g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:35:43Z",
"published": "2023-04-19T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20935"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2023-04-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GVF-CVJX-4QHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:36 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:36
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) via a crafted HTML page.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-9433"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-12-12T02:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the Tatsuya Kinoshita w3m fork before 0.5.3-31. w3m allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds array access) via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-3gvf-cvjx-4qhp",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:36:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:36:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-9433"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tats/w3m/issues/14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tats/w3m/blob/master/ChangeLog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201701-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/11/18/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94407"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3H28-8C8J-44V8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-30 00:32 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.6. Processing a maliciously crafted USD file may disclose memory contents.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43218"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-30T00:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.6. Processing a maliciously crafted USD file may disclose memory contents.",
"id": "GHSA-3h28-8c8j-44v8",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:14Z",
"published": "2025-07-30T00:32:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/124149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jul/32"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3H53-WQPP-2RW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-14 18:30
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.
Severity
7.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59235"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T17:16:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds read in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.",
"id": "GHSA-3h53-wqpp-2rw8",
"modified": "2025-10-14T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-10-14T18:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-59235"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3H6M-V52V-HVMW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-04 00:00
VLAI
Details
Out of bounds read in compositing in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.115 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2010"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-28T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Out of bounds read in compositing in Google Chrome prior to 102.0.5005.115 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-3h6m-v52v-hvmw",
"modified": "2022-08-04T00:00:21Z",
"published": "2022-07-29T00:00:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2022/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1325298"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T4NMJURTG5RO3TGD7ZMIQ6Z4ZZ3SAVYE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-25"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3H7R-9FXC-5MXJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-13 09:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability has been identified in Parasolid V35.1 (All versions < V35.1.256), Parasolid V36.0 (All versions < V36.0.208), Parasolid V36.1 (All versions < V36.1.173). The affected applications contain an out of bounds read past the unmapped memory region while parsing specially crafted X_T files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T16:17:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in Parasolid V35.1 (All versions \u003c V35.1.256), Parasolid V36.0 (All versions \u003c V36.0.208), Parasolid V36.1 (All versions \u003c V36.1.173). The affected applications contain an out of bounds read past the unmapped memory region while parsing specially crafted X_T files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process.",
"id": "GHSA-3h7r-9fxc-5mxj",
"modified": "2024-08-13T09:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-05-14T18:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-046364.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-856475.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3H8G-Q3CW-MR42
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-19 00:01
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bounds Read error in tiffcp in libtiff 4.3.0 allows attackers to cause a denial-of-service via a crafted tiff file. For users that compile libtiff from sources, the fix is available with commit 408976c4.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-11T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds Read error in tiffcp in libtiff 4.3.0 allows attackers to cause a denial-of-service via a crafted tiff file. For users that compile libtiff from sources, the fix is available with commit 408976c4.",
"id": "GHSA-3h8g-q3cw-mr42",
"modified": "2022-03-19T00:01:14Z",
"published": "2022-03-12T00:00:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2022/CVE-2022-0924.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/issues/278"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/merge_requests/311"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RNT2GFNRLOMKJ5KXM6JIHKBNBFDVZPD3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZQ4E654ZYUUUQNBKYQFXNK2CV3CPWTM2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220506-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5108"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3H8M-483J-7XXM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-21 14:25 – Updated: 2024-11-01 17:05
VLAI
Summary
Heap out of bounds read in `RequantizationRange`
Details
Impact
The implementation of tf.raw_ops.MaxPoolGradWithArgmax can cause reads outside of bounds of heap allocated data if attacker supplies specially crafted inputs:
import tensorflow as tf
input = tf.constant([1], shape=[1], dtype=tf.qint32)
input_max = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)
input_min = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)
tf.raw_ops.RequantizationRange(input=input, input_min=input_min, input_max=input_max)
The implementation assumes that the input_min and input_max tensors have at least one element, as it accesses the first element in two arrays:
const float input_min_float = ctx->input(1).flat<float>()(0);
const float input_max_float = ctx->input(2).flat<float>()(0);
If the tensors are empty, .flat<T>() is an empty object, backed by an empty array. Hence, accesing even the 0th element is a read outside the bounds.
Patches
We have patched the issue in GitHub commit ef0c008ee84bad91ec6725ddc42091e19a30cf0e.
The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
For more information
Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported by Ying Wang and Yakun Zhang of Baidu X-Team.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29569"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-18T19:00:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-14T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe implementation of `tf.raw_ops.MaxPoolGradWithArgmax` can cause reads outside of bounds of heap allocated data if attacker supplies specially crafted inputs:\n\n```python\nimport tensorflow as tf\n\ninput = tf.constant([1], shape=[1], dtype=tf.qint32) \ninput_max = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)\ninput_min = tf.constant([], dtype=tf.float32)\n\ntf.raw_ops.RequantizationRange(input=input, input_min=input_min, input_max=input_max)\n```\n\nThe [implementation](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/ac328eaa3870491ababc147822cd04e91a790643/tensorflow/core/kernels/requantization_range_op.cc#L49-L50) assumes that the `input_min` and `input_max` tensors have at least one element, as it accesses the first element in two arrays:\n\n```cc\nconst float input_min_float = ctx-\u003einput(1).flat\u003cfloat\u003e()(0);\nconst float input_max_float = ctx-\u003einput(2).flat\u003cfloat\u003e()(0);\n```\n\nIf the tensors are empty, `.flat\u003cT\u003e()` is an empty object, backed by an empty array. Hence, accesing even the 0th element is a read outside the bounds.\n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in GitHub commit [ef0c008ee84bad91ec6725ddc42091e19a30cf0e](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/ef0c008ee84bad91ec6725ddc42091e19a30cf0e).\n\nThe fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.\n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by Ying Wang and Yakun Zhang of Baidu X-Team.",
"id": "GHSA-3h8m-483j-7xxm",
"modified": "2024-11-01T17:05:44Z",
"published": "2021-05-21T14:25:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-3h8m-483j-7xxm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/ef0c008ee84bad91ec6725ddc42091e19a30cf0e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-cpu/PYSEC-2021-497.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-gpu/PYSEC-2021-695.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow/PYSEC-2021-206.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Heap out of bounds read in `RequantizationRange`"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.