Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-121
AllowedStack-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
5215 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FGWP-PQ6G-C2G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-13 18:31
VLAI
Details
A stack-based buffer overflow exists in the httpd binary of Linksys E1200 v2 routers (Firmware E1200_v2.0.11.001_us.tar.gz). The apply_cgi and block_cgi functions copy user-supplied input from the "url" CGI parameter into stack buffers (v36, v29) using sprintf without bounds checking. Because these buffers are allocated as single-byte variables, any non-empty input will trigger a buffer overflow. Remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability via crafted HTTP requests to execute arbitrary code or cause denial of service without authentication.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60691"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T17:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow exists in the httpd binary of Linksys E1200 v2 routers (Firmware E1200_v2.0.11.001_us.tar.gz). The apply_cgi and block_cgi functions copy user-supplied input from the \"url\" CGI parameter into stack buffers (v36, v29) using sprintf without bounds checking. Because these buffers are allocated as single-byte variables, any non-empty input will trigger a buffer overflow. Remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability via crafted HTTP requests to execute arbitrary code or cause denial of service without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-fgwp-pq6g-c2g2",
"modified": "2025-11-13T18:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-11-13T18:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/Linksys/Linksys-E1200/CVE-2025-60691.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.linksys.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://linksys.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FGX8-Q3CF-P457
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-10 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-29 15:30
VLAI
Details
A stack buffer overflow exists in wolfSSL's PKCS7 implementation in the wc_PKCS7_DecryptOri() function in wolfcrypt/src/pkcs7.c. When processing a CMS EnvelopedData message containing an OtherRecipientInfo (ORI) recipient, the function copies an ASN.1-parsed OID into a fixed 32-byte stack buffer (oriOID[MAX_OID_SZ]) via XMEMCPY without first validating that the parsed OID length does not exceed MAX_OID_SZ. A crafted CMS EnvelopedData message with an ORI recipient containing an OID longer than 32 bytes triggers a stack buffer overflow. Exploitation requires the library to be built with --enable-pkcs7 (disabled by default) and the application to have registered an ORI decrypt callback via wc_PKCS7_SetOriDecryptCb().
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5295"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T23:17:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A stack buffer overflow exists in wolfSSL\u0027s PKCS7 implementation in the wc_PKCS7_DecryptOri() function in wolfcrypt/src/pkcs7.c. When processing a CMS EnvelopedData message containing an OtherRecipientInfo (ORI) recipient, the function copies an ASN.1-parsed OID into a fixed 32-byte stack buffer (oriOID[MAX_OID_SZ]) via XMEMCPY without first validating that the parsed OID length does not exceed MAX_OID_SZ. A crafted CMS EnvelopedData message with an ORI recipient containing an OID longer than 32 bytes triggers a stack buffer overflow. Exploitation requires the library to be built with --enable-pkcs7 (disabled by default) and the application to have registered an ORI decrypt callback via wc_PKCS7_SetOriDecryptCb().",
"id": "GHSA-fgx8-q3cf-p457",
"modified": "2026-04-29T15:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-04-10T00:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/pull/10116"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FH65-C5X2-5936
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-20 18:30 – Updated: 2025-08-20 18:30
VLAI
Details
LeapFTP < 3.1.x contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in its FTP client parser. When the client receives a directory listing containing a filename longer than 528 bytes, the application fails to properly bound-check the input and overwrites the Structured Exception Handler (SEH) chain. This allows an attacker operating a malicious FTP server to execute arbitrary code on the victim’s machine when the file is listed or downloaded.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-20049"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-20T16:15:33Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "LeapFTP \u003c\u00a03.1.x contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in its FTP client parser. When the client receives a directory listing containing a filename longer than 528 bytes, the application fails to properly bound-check the input and overwrites the Structured Exception Handler (SEH) chain. This allows an attacker operating a malicious FTP server to execute arbitrary code on the victim\u2019s machine when the file is listed or downloaded.",
"id": "GHSA-fh65-c5x2-5936",
"modified": "2025-08-20T18:30:21Z",
"published": "2025-08-20T18:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-20049"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/exploits/windows/ftp/leapftp_list_reply.rb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20111013232627/http://www.leapware.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20111016194057/https://www.corelan.be/index.php/2010/10/12/death-of-an-ftp-client"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/16704"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/leapftp-stack-buffer-overflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FHMG-5GCW-WQFW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:10 – Updated: 2025-09-25 18:30
VLAI
Details
Stack-based buffer overflow in BKBCopyD.exe in Yokogawa CENTUM CS 3000 R3.09.50 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted TCP packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-0784"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-03-14T10:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in BKBCopyD.exe in Yokogawa CENTUM CS 3000 R3.09.50 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted TCP packet.",
"id": "GHSA-fhmg-5gcw-wqfw",
"modified": "2025-09-25T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:10:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-0784"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.rapid7.com/community/metasploit/blog/2014/03/10/yokogawa-centum-cs3000-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-14-070-01a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-14-070-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/66114"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/66130"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.yokogawa.com/dcs/security/ysar/dcs-ysar-index-en.htm."
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FHRF-QC9P-XHRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:43 – Updated: 2025-09-25 18:30
VLAI
Details
Stack-based buffer overflow in BKESimmgr.exe in the Expanded Test Functions package in Yokogawa CENTUM CS 1000, CENTUM CS 3000 Entry Class R3.09.50 and earlier, CENTUM VP R5.03.00 and earlier, CENTUM VP Entry Class R5.03.00 and earlier, Exaopc R3.71.02 and earlier, B/M9000CS R5.05.01 and earlier, and B/M9000 VP R7.03.01 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-0782"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-05-16T11:12:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in BKESimmgr.exe in the Expanded Test Functions package in Yokogawa CENTUM CS 1000, CENTUM CS 3000 Entry Class R3.09.50 and earlier, CENTUM VP R5.03.00 and earlier, CENTUM VP Entry Class R5.03.00 and earlier, Exaopc R3.71.02 and earlier, B/M9000CS R5.05.01 and earlier, and B/M9000 VP R7.03.01 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted packet.",
"id": "GHSA-fhrf-qc9p-xhrg",
"modified": "2025-09-25T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:43:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-0782"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.rapid7.com/community/metasploit/blog/2014/03/10/yokogawa-centum-cs3000-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-14-070-01a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-14-133-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/66130"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.yokogawa.com/dcs/security/ysar/YSAR-14-0001E.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.yokogawa.com/dcs/security/ysar/dcs-ysar-index-en.htm."
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FHX3-JWGV-MPC2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-02 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-09 00:30
VLAI
Details
Tenda AX1803 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the serverName parameter in the function fromAdvSetMacMtuWan.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30621"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-02T14:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AX1803 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the serverName parameter in the function fromAdvSetMacMtuWan.",
"id": "GHSA-fhx3-jwgv-mpc2",
"modified": "2024-04-09T00:30:40Z",
"published": "2024-04-02T15:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30621"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/re1wn/IoT_vuln/blob/main/Tenda_AX1803_v1.0.0.1_contains_a_stack_overflow_via_the_serverName_parameter_in_the_function_fromAdvSetMacMtuWan.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FJ27-X67R-V4G5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-16 18:31
VLAI
Details
A stack overflow in the evaluate() function (editors/awk.c) of BusyBox commit 371fe9 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted AWK script.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-38752"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-15T22:16:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack overflow in the evaluate() function (editors/awk.c) of BusyBox commit 371fe9 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted AWK script.",
"id": "GHSA-fj27-x67r-v4g5",
"modified": "2026-07-16T18:31:29Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T00:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-38752"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.busybox.net/pipermail/busybox/2026-June/092351.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://busybox.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FJ3C-GQ42-693W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-07 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-19 15:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability in the lsi53c895a device affects the latest version of qemu. A DMA-MMIO reentrancy problem may lead to memory corruption bugs like stack overflow or use-after-free.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0330"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-06T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the lsi53c895a device affects the latest version of qemu. A DMA-MMIO reentrancy problem may lead to memory corruption bugs like stack overflow or use-after-free.",
"id": "GHSA-fj3c-gq42-693w",
"modified": "2024-04-19T15:30:45Z",
"published": "2023-03-07T00:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-0330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2160151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2023-01/msg03411.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FJ3P-HVQ5-MP63
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-02 12:38 – Updated: 2024-12-02 12:38
VLAI
Details
Memory corruption when invalid input is passed to invoke GPU Headroom API call.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43048"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-02T11:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption when invalid input is passed to invoke GPU Headroom API call.",
"id": "GHSA-fj3p-hvq5-mp63",
"modified": "2024-12-02T12:38:27Z",
"published": "2024-12-02T12:38:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43048"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/december-2024-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FJH2-G557-4JXP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-28 12:33 – Updated: 2024-07-08 15:31
VLAI
Details
Tenda FH1202 v1.2.0.14(408) has a stack overflow vulnerability in the deviceId parameter of the addWifiMacFilter function.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30595"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-28T12:15:53Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda FH1202 v1.2.0.14(408) has a stack overflow vulnerability in the deviceId parameter of the addWifiMacFilter function.",
"id": "GHSA-fjh2-g557-4jxp",
"modified": "2024-07-08T15:31:54Z",
"published": "2024-03-28T12:33:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH/FH1202/addWifiMacFilter_deviceId.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation
Implementation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.