CWE-119
DiscouragedImproper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
17547 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RQPH-98JH-44JJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:29 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:29Microsoft Edge in Microsoft Windows 10 1703 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user when the JavaScript engine fails to render when handling objects in memory in Microsoft Edge, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2017-8598, CVE-2017-8596, CVE-2017-8595, CVE-2017-8618, CVE-2017-8619, CVE-2017-8601, CVE-2017-8603, CVE-2017-8604, CVE-2017-8605, CVE-2017-8606, CVE-2017-8607, CVE-2017-8608, and CVE-2017-8609.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-8610"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-11T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Edge in Microsoft Windows 10 1703 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user when the JavaScript engine fails to render when handling objects in memory in Microsoft Edge, aka \"Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability\". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2017-8598, CVE-2017-8596, CVE-2017-8595, CVE-2017-8618, CVE-2017-8619, CVE-2017-8601, CVE-2017-8603, CVE-2017-8604, CVE-2017-8605, CVE-2017-8606, CVE-2017-8607, CVE-2017-8608, and CVE-2017-8609.",
"id": "GHSA-rqph-98jh-44jj",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:29:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:29:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-us/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99415"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038849"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQPP-6C9Q-XPF8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:57 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:57An issue has been found in PDF2JSON 0.69. The HtmlString class in ImgOutputDev.cc has Mismatched Memory Management Routines (malloc versus operator delete).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-14946"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-05T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue has been found in PDF2JSON 0.69. The HtmlString class in ImgOutputDev.cc has Mismatched Memory Management Routines (malloc versus operator delete).",
"id": "GHSA-rqpp-6c9q-xpf8",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:57:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:57:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-14946"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/flexpaper/pdf2json/issues/19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fouzhe/security/tree/master/pdf2json#alloc_dealloc_mismatch-in-function-htmlstring"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQQ2-RVVW-7VM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:18 – Updated: 2025-04-09 03:44Multiple heap-based buffer overflows in the Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE) library in the JavaScript engine in WebKit in Apple Safari 3 Beta before Update 3.0.3, and iPhone before 1.0.1, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via certain JavaScript regular expressions. NOTE: this issue was originally reported only for MobileSafari on the iPhone. NOTE: it is not clear whether this stems from an issue in the original distribution of PCRE, which might already have a separate CVE identifier.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-3944"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-07-23T16:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple heap-based buffer overflows in the Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE) library in the JavaScript engine in WebKit in Apple Safari 3 Beta before Update 3.0.3, and iPhone before 1.0.1, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via certain JavaScript regular expressions. NOTE: this issue was originally reported only for MobileSafari on the iPhone. NOTE: it is not clear whether this stems from an issue in the original distribution of PCRE, which might already have a separate CVE identifier.",
"id": "GHSA-rqq2-rvvw-7vm3",
"modified": "2025-04-09T03:44:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:18:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-3944"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/35577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=306173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=306174"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/26287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/23/technology/23iphone.html?_r=1\u0026adxnnl=1\u0026adxnnlx=1185163364-1OTsRJvbylLamj17FY2wnw\u0026oref=slogin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityevaluators.com/iphone"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityevaluators.com/iphone/exploitingiphone.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1018439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/2730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/2731"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RQQ7-2QJM-35HJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:37 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:37WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-1462"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-07-21T23:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.",
"id": "GHSA-rqq7-2qjm-35hj",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:37:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:37:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-1462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/Security-announce/2011//Oct/msg00000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/Security-announce/2011//Oct/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2011//Jul/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4808"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4999"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RQRM-JQ4F-7PH5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:25 – Updated: 2024-01-04 03:30An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows Radio Manager API improperly handles memory.To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would first have to gain execution on the victim system, aka 'Windows Radio Manager API Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-1528"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-08-17T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows Radio Manager API improperly handles memory.To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would first have to gain execution on the victim system, aka \u0027Windows Radio Manager API Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\u0027.",
"id": "GHSA-rqrm-jq4f-7ph5",
"modified": "2024-01-04T03:30:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:25:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-1528"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQRX-F2RH-M32Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:27 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:38Buffer overflow in BlueZ 5.41 and earlier allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the parse_line function used in some userland utilities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-7837"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-09T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Buffer overflow in BlueZ 5.41 and earlier allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the parse_line function used in some userland utilities.",
"id": "GHSA-rqrx-f2rh-m32q",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:38:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:27:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7837"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/bluetooth/bluez.git/commit/?id=8514068150759c1d6a46d4605d2351babfde1601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN38755305/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4311-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95067"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQVP-J9P2-FCWX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-17 15:31 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:42In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
swiotlb: Fix double-allocation of slots due to broken alignment handling
Commit bbb73a103fbb ("swiotlb: fix a braino in the alignment check fix"), which was a fix for commit 0eee5ae10256 ("swiotlb: fix slot alignment checks"), causes a functional regression with vsock in a virtual machine using bouncing via a restricted DMA SWIOTLB pool.
When virtio allocates the virtqueues for the vsock device using dma_alloc_coherent(), the SWIOTLB search can return page-unaligned allocations if 'area->index' was left unaligned by a previous allocation from the buffer:
# Final address in brackets is the SWIOTLB address returned to the caller | virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: orig_addr 0x0 alloc_size 0x2000, iotlb_align_mask 0x800 stride 0x2: got slot 1645-1649/7168 (0x98326800) | virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: orig_addr 0x0 alloc_size 0x2000, iotlb_align_mask 0x800 stride 0x2: got slot 1649-1653/7168 (0x98328800) | virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: orig_addr 0x0 alloc_size 0x2000, iotlb_align_mask 0x800 stride 0x2: got slot 1653-1657/7168 (0x9832a800)
This ends badly (typically buffer corruption and/or a hang) because swiotlb_alloc() is expecting a page-aligned allocation and so blindly returns a pointer to the 'struct page' corresponding to the allocation, therefore double-allocating the first half (2KiB slot) of the 4KiB page.
Fix the problem by treating the allocation alignment separately to any additional alignment requirements from the device, using the maximum of the two as the stride to search the buffer slots and taking care to ensure a minimum of page-alignment for buffers larger than a page.
This also resolves swiotlb allocation failures occuring due to the inclusion of ~PAGE_MASK in 'iotlb_align_mask' for large allocations and resulting in alignment requirements exceeding swiotlb_max_mapping_size().
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-35814"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1055",
"CWE-119",
"CWE-415"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-17T14:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nswiotlb: Fix double-allocation of slots due to broken alignment handling\n\nCommit bbb73a103fbb (\"swiotlb: fix a braino in the alignment check fix\"),\nwhich was a fix for commit 0eee5ae10256 (\"swiotlb: fix slot alignment\nchecks\"), causes a functional regression with vsock in a virtual machine\nusing bouncing via a restricted DMA SWIOTLB pool.\n\nWhen virtio allocates the virtqueues for the vsock device using\ndma_alloc_coherent(), the SWIOTLB search can return page-unaligned\nallocations if \u0027area-\u003eindex\u0027 was left unaligned by a previous allocation\nfrom the buffer:\n\n # Final address in brackets is the SWIOTLB address returned to the caller\n | virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: orig_addr 0x0 alloc_size 0x2000, iotlb_align_mask 0x800 stride 0x2: got slot 1645-1649/7168 (0x98326800)\n | virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: orig_addr 0x0 alloc_size 0x2000, iotlb_align_mask 0x800 stride 0x2: got slot 1649-1653/7168 (0x98328800)\n | virtio-pci 0000:00:07.0: orig_addr 0x0 alloc_size 0x2000, iotlb_align_mask 0x800 stride 0x2: got slot 1653-1657/7168 (0x9832a800)\n\nThis ends badly (typically buffer corruption and/or a hang) because\nswiotlb_alloc() is expecting a page-aligned allocation and so blindly\nreturns a pointer to the \u0027struct page\u0027 corresponding to the allocation,\ntherefore double-allocating the first half (2KiB slot) of the 4KiB page.\n\nFix the problem by treating the allocation alignment separately to any\nadditional alignment requirements from the device, using the maximum\nof the two as the stride to search the buffer slots and taking care\nto ensure a minimum of page-alignment for buffers larger than a page.\n\nThis also resolves swiotlb allocation failures occuring due to the\ninclusion of ~PAGE_MASK in \u0027iotlb_align_mask\u0027 for large allocations and\nresulting in alignment requirements exceeding swiotlb_max_mapping_size().",
"id": "GHSA-rqvp-j9p2-fcwx",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:42:25Z",
"published": "2024-05-17T15:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35814"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/04867a7a33324c9c562ee7949dbcaab7aaad1fb4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e7acd6e25ba77dde48c3b721c54c89cd6a10534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/777391743771040e12cc40d3d0d178f70c616491"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c88668aa6c1da240ea3eb4d128b7906e740d3cb8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQVP-XPJG-X852
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-21 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-21 21:31IrfanView CADImage Plugin DWG File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of IrfanView CADImage Plugin. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of DWG files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory corruption condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26244.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7297"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-21T20:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IrfanView CADImage Plugin DWG File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of IrfanView CADImage Plugin. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of DWG files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory corruption condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26244.",
"id": "GHSA-rqvp-xpjg-x852",
"modified": "2025-07-21T21:31:41Z",
"published": "2025-07-21T21:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-545"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RQW6-J5PF-6MVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:26 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:26Google Chrome before 11.0.696.71 does not properly implement the GPU command buffer, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-1806"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-05-26T16:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Google Chrome before 11.0.696.71 does not properly implement the GPU command buffer, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-rqw6-j5pf-6mvv",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:26:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:26:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-1806"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A14389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=82873"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2011/05/stable-channel-update_24.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/47964"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RQW6-R9QQ-6V6G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:09 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:09** DISPUTED ** addressbook/backends/ldap/e-book-backend-ldap.c in Evolution-Data-Server in GNOME Evolution through 3.29.2 might allow attackers to trigger a Buffer Overflow via a long query that is processed by the strcat function. NOTE: the software maintainer disputes this because "the code had computed the required string length first, and then allocated a large-enough buffer on the heap."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12422"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-15T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** addressbook/backends/ldap/e-book-backend-ldap.c in Evolution-Data-Server in GNOME Evolution through 3.29.2 might allow attackers to trigger a Buffer Overflow via a long query that is processed by the strcat function. NOTE: the software maintainer disputes this because \"the code had computed the required string length first, and then allocated a large-enough buffer on the heap.\"",
"id": "GHSA-rqw6-r9qq-6v6g",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:09:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:09:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=796174"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/evolution-data-server/commit/34bad6173"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation
An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.