Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-116

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.

694 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-QPCV-FJXX-24CV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-21 21:31 – Updated: 2025-06-10 18:32
VLAI
Details

Yandex Browser for Android prior to version 21.3.0 allows remote attackers to perform IDN homograph attack.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-25262"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-21T07:16:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Yandex Browser for Android prior to version 21.3.0 allows remote attackers to perform IDN homograph attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-qpcv-fjxx-24cv",
  "modified": "2025-06-10T18:32:17Z",
  "published": "2025-05-21T21:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25262"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://yandex.com/bugbounty/i/hall-of-fame-browser"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QV45-6HW7-469F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36
VLAI
Details

In MediaWiki before 1.35.1, the messages userrights-expiry-current and userrights-expiry-none can contain raw HTML. XSS can happen when a user visits Special:UserRights but does not have rights to change all userrights, and the table on the left side has unchangeable groups in it. (The right column with the changeable groups is not affected and is escaped correctly.)

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-35475"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-12-18T08:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In MediaWiki before 1.35.1, the messages userrights-expiry-current and userrights-expiry-none can contain raw HTML. XSS can happen when a user visits Special:UserRights but does not have rights to change all userrights, and the table on the left side has unchangeable groups in it. (The right column with the changeable groups is not affected and is escaped correctly.)",
  "id": "GHSA-qv45-6hw7-469f",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:55Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:36:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35475"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/STT5Z4A3BCXVH3WIPICWU2FP4IPIMUPC"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/mediawiki-announce/2020-December/000268.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268917"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4816"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QV85-HHHM-MVMF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:12
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in SWIFT Alliance Web Platform 7.1.23. A log injection (and an arbitrary log filename) can be achieved via the PATH_INFO to swp/login/EJBRemoteService/, related to com.swift.ejbgwt.j2ee.client.EjBlnvocationException error log information containing null@java:comp/env/ error messages.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-16386"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-07-05T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in SWIFT Alliance Web Platform 7.1.23. A log injection (and an arbitrary log filename) can be achieved via the PATH_INFO to swp/login/EJBRemoteService/, related to com.swift.ejbgwt.j2ee.client.EjBlnvocationException error log information containing null@java:comp/env/ error messages.",
  "id": "GHSA-qv85-hhhm-mvmf",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:12:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:49:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16386"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/shiham101/8763642e768582e0182f92cd41c482ec"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QV9R-C865-CP47

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-11 00:31 – Updated: 2026-08-13 18:28
VLAI
Summary
Apache Log4j API: Improper encoding of non-finite floating-point values during MapMessage JSON serialization
Details

Improper encoding of non-finite floating-point values during MapMessage JSON serialization in Apache Log4j API produces output that is not valid JSON. This issue affects Apache Log4j API versions 2.13.1 through 2.25.4 and version 2.26.0.

The fix for CVE-2026-34481 did not cover all code paths: when a MapMessage contains a non-finite IEEE 754 value (NaN, Infinity, or -Infinity), MapMessage.asJson() emits the corresponding bare token. RFC 8259 does not permit these tokens, so a conformant parser rejects the resulting document.

The defect is reachable only when both of the following conditions hold:

  • The application uses the message resolver https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/json-template-layout.html#event-template-resolver-message of JsonTemplateLayout or any other layout that relies on MapMessage.asJson() or MapMessage.getFormattedMessage(new String[]{"JSON"}).
  • The application logs a MapMessage that contains an attacker-controlled floating-point value.

An attacker who can supply a non-finite value can cause the affected layout to emit malformed JSON, which may corrupt the enclosing log record or disrupt downstream log ingestion and parsing.

Users are advised to upgrade to Apache Log4j API 2.25.5 or 2.26.1, both of which emit RFC 8259-compliant JSON for non-finite values.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.13.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.25.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.26.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.26.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-49844"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-13T18:28:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T22:16:42Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper encoding of non-finite floating-point values during MapMessage JSON serialization in Apache Log4j API produces output that is not valid JSON. This issue affects Apache Log4j API versions 2.13.1 through 2.25.4 and version 2.26.0.\n\nThe fix for CVE-2026-34481 did not cover all code paths: when a MapMessage contains a non-finite IEEE 754 value (NaN, Infinity, or -Infinity), MapMessage.asJson() emits the corresponding bare token. RFC 8259 does not permit these tokens, so a conformant parser rejects the resulting document.\n\nThe defect is reachable only when both of the following conditions hold:\n\n  *  The application uses the  message resolver https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/json-template-layout.html#event-template-resolver-message  of JsonTemplateLayout or any other layout that relies on MapMessage.asJson() or MapMessage.getFormattedMessage(new String[]{\"JSON\"}).\n  *  The application logs a MapMessage that contains an attacker-controlled floating-point value.\n\n\nAn attacker who can supply a non-finite value can cause the affected layout to emit malformed JSON, which may corrupt the enclosing log record or disrupt downstream log ingestion and parsing.\n\nUsers are advised to upgrade to Apache Log4j API 2.25.5 or 2.26.1, both of which emit RFC 8259-compliant JSON for non-finite values.",
  "id": "GHSA-qv9r-c865-cp47",
  "modified": "2026-08-13T18:28:30Z",
  "published": "2026-07-11T00:31:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49844"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2/pull/4163"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2/commit/19edb23e162d6c728a8c2221a240037d389ed300"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2/commit/feadf8eb0b4acb6ddfa4c0ab2bbc6d88b8e12d82"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2/releases/tag/rel/2.25.5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2/releases/tag/rel/2.26.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://logging.apache.org/cyclonedx/vdr.xml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/json-template-layout.html#event-template-resolver-message"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://logging.apache.org/security.html#CVE-2026-49844"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Log4j API: Improper encoding of non-finite floating-point values during MapMessage JSON serialization"
}

GHSA-QWJ6-Q94F-8425

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-21 21:17 – Updated: 2025-04-02 00:33
VLAI
Summary
MathLive's Lack of Escaping of HTML allows for XSS
Details

Summary

Despite normal text rendering as LaTeX expressions, preventing XSS, the library also provides users with commands which may modify HTML, such as the \htmlData command, and the lack of escaping leads to XSS.

Details

Overall in the code, other than in the test folder, no functions escaping HTML can be seen.

PoC

  1. Go to https://cortexjs.io/mathlive/demo/
  2. Paste either \htmlData{><img/onerror=alert(1)"src=}{} or \htmlData{x=" ><img/onerror=alert(1) src>}{} in the LaTeX textarea.

Impact

MathLive users who render untrusted mathematical expressions could encounter malicious input using \htmlData that runs arbitrary JavaScript, or generate invalid HTML.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.103.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "mathlive"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.104.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-29049"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-01-21T21:17:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nDespite normal text rendering as LaTeX expressions, preventing XSS, the library also provides users with commands which may modify HTML, such as the `\\htmlData` command, and the lack of escaping leads to XSS.\n\n### Details\nOverall in the code, other than in the `test` folder, no functions escaping HTML can be seen.\n\n### PoC\n1. Go to https://cortexjs.io/mathlive/demo/\n2. Paste either `\\htmlData{\u003e\u003cimg/onerror=alert(1)\"src=}{}` or `\\htmlData{x=\" \u003e\u003cimg/onerror=alert(1) src\u003e}{}` in the LaTeX textarea.\n\n### Impact\nMathLive users who render untrusted mathematical expressions could encounter malicious input using \\htmlData that runs arbitrary JavaScript, or generate invalid HTML.",
  "id": "GHSA-qwj6-q94f-8425",
  "modified": "2025-04-02T00:33:42Z",
  "published": "2025-01-21T21:17:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/arnog/mathlive/security/advisories/GHSA-qwj6-q94f-8425"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29049"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/arnog/mathlive/commit/abc26056fd5e29a99edfa96a0bbe855ea2a8b678"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/arnog/mathlive"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "MathLive\u0027s Lack of Escaping of HTML allows for XSS"
}

GHSA-QWJ7-CHM6-2F8F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-14 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-16 00:02
VLAI
Details

There is an information leak vulnerability in eCNS280_TD V100R005C10SPC650. The vulnerability is caused by improper log output management. An attacker with the ability to access the log file of device may lead to information disclosure.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-40007"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-13T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There is an information leak vulnerability in eCNS280_TD V100R005C10SPC650. The vulnerability is caused by improper log output management. An attacker with the ability to access the log file of device may lead to information disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-qwj7-chm6-2f8f",
  "modified": "2021-12-16T00:02:44Z",
  "published": "2021-12-14T00:00:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40007"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20211208-01-informationleak-en"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-R27J-R277-J56H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-28 09:30 – Updated: 2026-02-04 12:31
VLAI
Details

CSS-based exfiltration of the content from partially encrypted emails when allowing remote content. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 147.0.1 and Thunderbird < 140.7.1.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0818"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-28T08:16:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "CSS-based exfiltration of the content from partially encrypted emails when allowing remote content. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 147.0.1 and Thunderbird \u003c 140.7.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-r27j-r277-j56h",
  "modified": "2026-02-04T12:31:25Z",
  "published": "2026-01-28T09:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0818"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1881530"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/02/msg00005.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-07"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-08"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R2J6-P67H-Q639

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-11-18 21:19 – Updated: 2021-01-07 22:41
VLAI
Summary
Secret disclosure when containing characters that become URI encoded
Details

Impact

Secrets that would normally be masked by semantic-release can be accidentally disclosed if they contain characters that become encoded when included in a URL.

Patches

Fixed in v17.2.3

Workarounds

Secrets that do not contain characters that become encoded when included in a URL are already masked properly.

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 17.2.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "semantic-release"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "17.2.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-26226"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-11-18T21:18:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nSecrets that would normally be masked by `semantic-release` can be accidentally disclosed if they contain characters that become encoded when included in a URL.\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in v17.2.3\n\n### Workarounds\n\nSecrets that do not contain characters that become encoded when included in a URL are already masked properly.",
  "id": "GHSA-r2j6-p67h-q639",
  "modified": "2021-01-07T22:41:34Z",
  "published": "2020-11-18T21:19:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/semantic-release/semantic-release/security/advisories/GHSA-r2j6-p67h-q639"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26226"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/semantic-release/semantic-release/commit/ca90b34c4a9333438cc4d69faeb43362bb991e5a"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Secret disclosure when containing characters that become URI encoded"
}

GHSA-R4GV-VJ59-CCCM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-06-23 17:27 – Updated: 2021-05-21 18:06
VLAI
Summary
Control character injection in console output in github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs
Details

Impact

Control characters are not escaped from console output. This can result in hiding input from the user which could result in the user taking an unknown, malicious action.

Patches

  • Patched via https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/pull/7831 in v0.8.0

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in go-ipfs * Email us at security@ipfs.io

Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.8.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-26283"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-150"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-21T18:06:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nControl characters are not escaped from console output. This can result in hiding input from the user which could result in the user taking an unknown, malicious action.\n\n### Patches\n\u003c!-- _Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?_  --\u003e\n\n- Patched via https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/pull/7831 in v0.8.0\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [go-ipfs](http://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs)\n* Email us at [security@ipfs.io](mailto:security@ipfs.io)",
  "id": "GHSA-r4gv-vj59-cccm",
  "modified": "2021-05-21T18:06:39Z",
  "published": "2021-06-23T17:27:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/security/advisories/GHSA-r4gv-vj59-cccm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26283"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/pull/7831"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/commit/fb0a9acd2d8288bd1028c3219a420de62a09683a"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Control character injection in console output in github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs "
}

GHSA-R4HF-3HXR-R742

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-20 00:34 – Updated: 2026-08-20 00:34
VLAI
Details

IBM System Storage DS8A00 10.1.3.0 through 10.11.35.0 and IBM DS8900F 89.40.83.0 through 89.44.25.0 could allow an attacker to bypass security authentication due to improperly encoding of DSCLI command output to obtain sensitive information or cause a denial of service.

Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-36254"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-19T22:16:36Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IBM System Storage DS8A00 10.1.3.0 through 10.11.35.0 and IBM DS8900F 89.40.83.0 through 89.44.25.0 could allow an attacker to bypass security authentication due to improperly encoding of DSCLI command output to obtain sensitive information or cause a denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-r4hf-3hxr-r742",
  "modified": "2026-08-20T00:34:54Z",
  "published": "2026-08-20T00:34:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36254"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7284322"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
  • Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

  • If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
  • For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).

Mitigation
Requirements

Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.

Mitigation
Implementation

When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.

CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting

An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.

CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename

An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

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