Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-113

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

The product receives data from an HTTP agent/component (e.g., web server, proxy, browser, etc.), but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CR and LF characters before the data is included in outgoing HTTP headers.

213 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-34514 (GCVE-0-2026-34514)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-01 20:09 – Updated: 2026-04-02 14:07
VLAI
Title
AIOHTTP: CRLF injection in multipart part content type header construction
Summary
AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Prior to version 3.13.4, an attacker who controls the content_type parameter in aiohttp could use this to inject extra headers or similar exploits. This issue has been patched in version 3.13.4.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-02 14:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7712 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
aio-libs aiohttp Affected: < 3.13.4
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Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-27810 (GCVE-0-2026-27810)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-27 19:44 – Updated: 2026-03-02 12:53
VLAI
Title
calibre Vulnerable to HTTP Response Header Injection
Summary
calibre is a cross-platform e-book manager for viewing, converting, editing, and cataloging e-books. Prior to version 9.4.0, an HTTP Response Header Injection vulnerability in the calibre Content Server allows any authenticated user to inject arbitrary HTTP headers into server responses via an unsanitized `content_disposition` query parameter in the `/get/` and `/data-files/get/` endpoints. All users running the calibre Content Server with authentication enabled are affected. The vulnerability is exploitable by any authenticated user and can also be triggered by tricking an authenticated victim into clicking a crafted link. Version 9.4.0 contains a fix for the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-02 12:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7712 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kovidgoyal calibre Affected: < 9.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-24489 (GCVE-0-2026-24489)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-27 00:36 – Updated: 2026-01-27 14:46
VLAI
Title
Gakido vulnerable to HTTP Header Injection (CRLF Injection)
Summary
Gakido is a Python HTTP client focused on browser impersonation and anti-bot evasion. A vulnerability was discovered in Gakido prior to version 0.1.1 that allowed HTTP header injection through CRLF (Carriage Return Line Feed) sequences in user-supplied header values and names. When making HTTP requests with user-controlled header values containing `\r\n` (CRLF), `\n` (LF), or `\x00` (null byte) characters, an attacker could inject arbitrary HTTP headers into the request. The fix in version 0.1.1 adds a `_sanitize_header()` function that strips `\r`, `\n`, and `\x00` characters from both header names and values before they are included in HTTP requests.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-27 14:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
  • CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7712 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HappyHackingSpace gakido Affected: < 0.1.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-24320 (GCVE-0-2026-24320)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 03:03 – Updated: 2026-02-10 16:25
VLAI
Title
Memory Corruption vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver and ABAP Platform (Application Server ABAP)
Summary
Due to improper memory management in SAP NetWeaver and ABAP Platform (Application Server ABAP), an authenticated attacker could exploit logical errors in memory management by supplying specially crafted input containing unique characters, which are improperly converted. This may result in memory corruption and the potential leakage of memory content. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability would have a low impact on the confidentiality of the application, with no effect on its integrity or availability.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-10 16:25 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers
Assigner
sap CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 117 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SAP_SE SAP NetWeaver and ABAP Platform (Application Server ABAP) Affected: KRNL64NUC 7.22
Affected: 7.22EXT
Affected: KRNL64UC 7.22
Affected: 7.53
Affected: 8.04
Affected: KERNEL 7.22
Affected: 7.54
Affected: 7.77
Affected: 7.89
Affected: 7.93
Affected: 9.16
Affected: 9.17
Affected: 9.18
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23686 (GCVE-0-2026-23686)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 03:02 – Updated: 2026-02-10 17:19
VLAI
Title
CRLF Injection vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java
Summary
Due to a CRLF Injection vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java, an authenticated attacker with administrative access could submit specially crafted content to the application. If processed by the application, this content enables injection of untrusted entries into generated configuration, allowing manipulation of application-controlled settings. Successful exploitation leads to a low impact on integrity, while confidentiality and availability remain unaffected.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-10 17:18 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers
Assigner
sap CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 117 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-22779 (GCVE-0-2026-22779)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-14 16:49 – Updated: 2026-01-14 21:01
VLAI
Title
BlackSheep ClientSession is vulnerable to CRLF injection
Summary
BlackSheep is an asynchronous web framework to build event based web applications with Python. Prior to 2.4.6, the HTTP Client implementation in BlackSheep is vulnerable to CRLF injection. Missing headers validation makes it possible for an attacker to modify the HTTP requests (e.g. insert a new header) or even create a new HTTP request. Exploitation requires developers to pass unsanitized user input directly into headers.The server part is not affected because BlackSheep delegates to an underlying ASGI server handling of response headers. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.4.6.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-14 21:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7712 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Neoteroi BlackSheep Affected: < 2.4.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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GCVE-1-2026-20275 (CVE-2026-106512)

Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-10-06 18:47 – Updated: 2026-10-06 18:48
VLAI
Title
MISP sachertortephp - CakeResponse::download() HTTP Response Splitting via Unsanitized Filename Enables Stored XSS
Summary
The CakeResponse::download() method in lib/Cake/Network/CakeResponse.php constructs a Content-Disposition header by directly interpolating a caller-supplied filename into a quoted-string value without sanitization. Two distinct injection vectors exist in the unpatched code. First, if the filename contains C0 control characters (CR or LF), PHP refuses to emit the entire Content-Disposition header, silently dropping the attachment disposition. The response body is then served with its own Content-Type (for example text/html for an .html attachment) and renders inline in the browser on the application origin, creating a stored cross-site scripting condition. The commit message notes this is reachable even when the download_attachments_on_load setting is enabled, meaning a victim merely needs to view a page that triggers the download. Second, a double-quote character in the filename terminates the quoted-string value early, permitting injection of additional Content-Disposition parameters. The affected code path covers all callers of CakeResponse::download(), including attribute downloads, proposal downloads, and restSearch exports. An authenticated user who can create or upload an attachment with a crafted filename (for example through MISP attribute naming or proposal attachment naming) can store the malicious filename. When any other authenticated user views the affected page, the unsanitized filename is reflected into the HTTP response header, resulting in header manipulation and potential execution of arbitrary HTML or JavaScript in the context of the application origin. The security impact is equivalent to a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability, allowing session hijacking, data exfiltration, and unauthorized actions on behalf of the victim.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
Supplier · CNA (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 18:44 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-113 - HTTP Response Splitting
  • CWE-79 - Cross-site Scripting (XSS)
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Assigner
CIRCL GNA GNA-1
GNA scorecard B 90/100 over 244 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP sachertortephp Affected: 0 , ≤ 1c2da20cbe3f1e2a91458fe9a017823b7273fdac (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:misp:sachertortephp_\(cakephp-based_misp_application\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Partially reviewed GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-10-06 18:44
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
patch set (2 sources) ce7901c623bb…
Confidence
medium
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
afbc551aa6b8 fix: [security] Strip control characters from download 9430abddfb8d…
e2c800217296 fix: [security] Escape the download filename quoted-string 41c2630e0a4b…
Fix summary

The vulnerability is remediated by sanitizing the filename before it is interpolated into the Content-Disposition header. C0 control characters (0x00-0x1F) and DEL (0x7F) are stripped to prevent HTTP response splitting and header suppression. Subsequently, double-quote and backslash characters are escaped using addcslashes per RFC 6266 quoted-string rules to prevent early termination of the quoted value and injection of additional header parameters. Together these two steps ensure the filename remains contained within the intended quoted-string token regardless of its content.

Patch summary

Two commits modify CakeResponse::download() in lib/Cake/Network/CakeResponse.php. The first commit (afbc551) adds a preg_replace call that strips all C0 control characters and DEL from the filename string before the header is composed. The second commit (e2c8002) adds an addcslashes call that escapes double-quote and backslash characters in the filename after the control-character strip, ensuring the quoted-string value in the Content-Disposition header cannot be broken out of. Both changes are inserted immediately before the existing $this->header('Content-Disposition', ...) call.

CVSS rationale

AV:N: The vulnerability is exploitable over the network via HTTP. AC:L: No race conditions or special timing are required; a crafted filename is sufficient. AT:N: The malicious filename is stored in the application; no manipulation of the attack target is needed at exploit time. PR:L: An authenticated MISP user with the ability to create or upload an attachment is required to store the crafted filename. UI:N: The victim only needs to view a page that triggers the download; no specific interaction beyond normal browsing is required. VC/VI/VA:N: The vulnerable component (the MISP server) itself is not directly compromised in terms of its own confidentiality, integrity, or availability. SC:H: The rendered HTML/JavaScript executes in the victim's browser on the application origin, granting full access to the victim's session, cookies, and data. SI:L: The attacker can modify what the victim sees and potentially submit forms on the victim's behalf. SA:N: No availability impact on the victim's system.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-113 CRLF characters in the unsanitized filename cause PHP to suppress the entire Content-Disposition header, effectively splitting or altering the HTTP response structure. This is the primary mechanism by which the attachment disposition is dropped and the body renders inline.
  • CWE-79 The consequence of the header suppression is that an HTML attachment renders inline on the application origin, constituting a stored XSS condition. The quote-injection variant (CWE-74) also contributes to the header manipulation but the security impact is best characterized as XSS.
  • CWE-20 The root cause is the absence of input validation and output encoding on the filename parameter before it is placed into an HTTP header value. Both the control-character and quote-injection variants stem from this missing validation.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-66 The attacker injects CRLF sequences into the filename field, which is reflected into the Content-Disposition HTTP response header. This causes the header to be suppressed or its structure altered, matching the HTTP response splitting attack pattern. The quote-injection variant is a secondary header parameter injection that also falls under this pattern.
  • CAPEC-2 The attack relies on supplying special characters (CRLF, double-quote) in a user-controlled input field (the attachment filename) that the application fails to neutralize before using it in a structured output context (HTTP header). This is the closest general-purpose CAPEC for injection via special characters when a more specific pattern is not available.
Assumptions to verify
  • The affected product is identified as MISP sachertortephp based on the GitHub repository URL in the patch metadata; no specific version range is provided in the patch or metadata.
  • PR:L assumes that creating or uploading an attachment with a crafted filename requires authenticated access to the MISP instance; the patch does not explicitly state the authentication model.
  • UI:N assumes the victim triggers the download by normal page navigation; the commit message states the issue is reachable with download_attachments_on_load enabled, implying no special user action beyond viewing the page.
  • SC:H assumes the rendered HTML/JavaScript on the application origin grants full access to the victim's session and data, consistent with standard stored XSS impact.
  • The CAPEC-66 mapping is the closest available pattern for HTTP response header manipulation via CRLF injection; CAPEC-2 is included as a supplementary general-purpose pattern. Neither CAPEC perfectly captures the combined CRLF-suppression and quote-injection mechanism.
  • The Co-Authored-By line referencing Claude Opus 4.8 is treated as a tool credit per the metadata remediation_developers field; it is not a human contributor.
  • The patch does not specify whether the filename is attacker-controlled at creation time or only at serve time; the commit message states it 'neutralises already-stored filenames on serve,' implying the filename may have been stored before the fix.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 5 11 medium 7
bcp-05-x-03
Vulnerability handling and disclosure timeline
GCVE-BCP-05-X-03
  1. 2026-10-06 17:27 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (afbc551aa6b8aedb87dfa1223a388e9a3178abfd): fix: [security] Strip control characters from download https://github.com/MISP/sachertortephp/commit/afbc551aa6b8aedb87dfa1223a388e9a3178abfd.patch
  2. 2026-10-06 18:20 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (e2c80021729611922817a57d2317b2ffa7ed1439): fix: [security] Escape the download filename quoted-string https://github.com/MISP/sachertortephp/commit/e2c80021729611922817a57d2317b2ffa7ed1439.patch

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                  "UI:N assumes the victim triggers the download by normal page navigation; the commit message states the issue is reachable with download_attachments_on_load enabled, implying no special user action beyond viewing the page.",
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CVE-2026-9658 (GCVE-0-2026-9658)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 11:36 – Updated: 2026-06-01 18:00
VLAI
Title
Plack::Middleware::Security::Common versions before 0.13.1 for Perl did not block header injections in request paths
Summary
Plack::Middleware::Security::Common versions before 0.13.1 for Perl did not block header injections in request paths. The header injection rule was ineffective at blocking header injections in the request paths unless they were double-encoded, for example, GET /path\r\nHTTP/1.1\r\nHost: secret.example.com Note that it is unclear whether request paths with CRLF followed by additional headers would be blocked by reverse proxies, or how they would be processed by Plack-based servers.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-01 18:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-790 - Improper Filtering of Special Elements
  • CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers
Assigner
CPANSec CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 265 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RRWO Plack::Middleware::Security::Common Affected: 0 , < 0.13.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-7010 (GCVE-0-2026-7010)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-11 21:14 – Updated: 2026-05-12 14:45
VLAI
Title
HTTP::Tiny versions before 0.093 for Perl do not validate CRLF in HTTP request lines or control field header values
Summary
HTTP::Tiny versions before 0.093 for Perl do not validate CRLF in HTTP request lines or control field header values. The unvalidated inputs are the method and URI in the request line, the URL host that becomes the `Host:` header, and HTTP/1.1 control data field values. An attacker who controls one of these inputs, for example a user supplied URL passed to a webhook or URL fetch endpoint, can inject additional headers and smuggle requests to the upstream server.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-12 14:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
CPANSec CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 265 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HAARG HTTP::Tiny Affected: 0 , < 0.093 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-71381 (GCVE-0-2025-71381)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 22:08 – Updated: 2026-07-01 13:19
VLAI
Title
Hono - Vary Header Injection in CORS Middleware
Summary
Hono before 4.10.2 (fixed in 4.10.3) contains a flaw in its CORS middleware: when the origin is not set to "*", the middleware copies the Vary header from the incoming request into the response. Because Vary is a response header that should be managed by the server, an attacker can supply arbitrary Vary values that are reflected into the response, potentially causing cache key pollution and inconsistent CORS enforcement in environments that rely on shared caches or proxies.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-01 13:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6250 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Hono Hono Affected: 0 , < 4.10.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.10.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:hono:hono:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-10-24 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Construct HTTP headers very carefully, avoiding the use of non-validated input data.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. If an input does not strictly conform to specifications, reject it or transform it into something that conforms.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-30
Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.

Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

CAPEC-105: HTTP Request Splitting

An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to split a single HTTP request into multiple unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies

This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.

CAPEC-34: HTTP Response Splitting

An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content, in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server) or into an already spoofed HTTP response from an adversary controlled domain/site.

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.