VAR-202309-1991
Vulnerability from variot - Updated: 2024-08-14 14:30Transient DOS in WLAN Host when an invalid channel (like channel out of range) is received in STA during CSA IE. 9206 lte firmware, APQ8017 firmware, APQ8052 Unspecified vulnerabilities exist in multiple Qualcomm products, including firmware.Service operation interruption (DoS) It may be in a state
Show details on source website{
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/VARIoTentry#",
"affected_products": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/affected_products"
},
"credits": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/credits"
},
"cvss": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/"
},
"description": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/description/"
},
"exploit_availability": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/exploit_availability/"
},
"external_ids": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/external_ids/"
},
"iot": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/iot/"
},
"iot_taxonomy": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/iot_taxonomy/"
},
"patch": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/patch/"
},
"problemtype_data": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/problemtype_data/"
},
"references": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/references/"
},
"sources": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources/"
},
"sources_release_date": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources_release_date/"
},
"sources_update_date": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources_update_date/"
},
"threat_type": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/threat_type/"
},
"title": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/title/"
},
"type": {
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/type/"
}
},
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/vuln/VAR-202309-1991",
"affected_products": {
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/affected_products#",
"data": {
"@container": "@list"
},
"sources": {
"@container": "@list",
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#"
},
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources"
}
},
"data": [
{
"model": "snapdragon wear 2500",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6574",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 439",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon wear 4100\\+",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6564a",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wsa8815",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "apq8056",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "msm8996au",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wcn3680",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 625",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "sd626",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "msm8608",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6574au",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "msm8108",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wcd9330",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 652",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6584au",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 212",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "9206 lte",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon wear 3100",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wcn3680b",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wcn3980",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon auto 5g",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "csra6640",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 208",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon x5 lte",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca9367",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "smart audio 400",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 617",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6554a",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "205",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "csra6620",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6564au",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "vision intelligence 100",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "ar8031",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 429",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wcn3615",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "smart audio 200",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6584",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "apq8017",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6595au",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wcn3660",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "215",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "sdm429w",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 650",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 450",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "home hub 100",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6174a",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "apq8052",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 653",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 820",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "msm8209",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 210",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "vision intelligence 200",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wcn3620",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 425",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wsa8810",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon x20 lte",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 632",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "mdm9628",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "fastconnect 6200",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6175a",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "mdm9650",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon wear 2100",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wcn3660b",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 1200",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca9379",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon x12 lte",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wcd9326",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wcd9335",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6595",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "apq8076",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "smart display 200",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "snapdragon 626",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca9377",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6574a",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "sdx20m",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "mdm9250",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "msm8909w",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "c-v2x 9150",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "wcn3610",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6696",
"scope": "eq",
"trust": 1.0,
"vendor": "qualcomm",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "fastconnect 6200",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "c-v2x 9150",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "mdm9650",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "mdm9628",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "mdm9250",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "msm8996au",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "qca6174a",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "home hub 100",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "9206 lte",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "msm8108",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "csra6640",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "msm8909w",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "apq8056",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "apq8017",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "msm8608",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "csra6620",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "apq8052",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "msm8209",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "apq8076",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
},
{
"model": "ar8031",
"scope": null,
"trust": 0.8,
"vendor": "\u30af\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30e0",
"version": null
}
],
"sources": [
{
"db": "JVNDB",
"id": "JVNDB-2023-011778"
},
{
"db": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020"
}
]
},
"cve": "CVE-2023-33020",
"cvss": {
"@context": {
"cvssV2": {
"@container": "@list",
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/cvssV2#"
},
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/cvssV2"
},
"cvssV3": {
"@container": "@list",
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/cvssV3#"
},
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/cvssV3/"
},
"severity": {
"@container": "@list",
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/cvss/severity#"
},
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/cvss/severity"
},
"sources": {
"@container": "@list",
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#"
},
"@id": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources"
}
},
"data": [
{
"cvssV2": [],
"cvssV3": [
{
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"author": "nvd@nist.gov",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"id": "CVE-2023-33020",
"impactScore": 3.6,
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"trust": 2.0,
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
{
"attackComplexity": "Low",
"attackVector": "Network",
"author": "NVD",
"availabilityImpact": "High",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "High",
"confidentialityImpact": "None",
"exploitabilityScore": null,
"id": "CVE-2023-33020",
"impactScore": null,
"integrityImpact": "None",
"privilegesRequired": "None",
"scope": "Unchanged",
"trust": 0.8,
"userInteraction": "None",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.0"
}
],
"severity": [
{
"author": "nvd@nist.gov",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020",
"trust": 1.0,
"value": "HIGH"
},
{
"author": "product-security@qualcomm.com",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020",
"trust": 1.0,
"value": "HIGH"
},
{
"author": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020",
"trust": 0.8,
"value": "High"
}
]
}
],
"sources": [
{
"db": "JVNDB",
"id": "JVNDB-2023-011778"
},
{
"db": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020"
},
{
"db": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020"
}
]
},
"description": {
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/description#",
"sources": {
"@container": "@list",
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#"
}
}
},
"data": "Transient DOS in WLAN Host when an invalid channel (like channel out of range) is received in STA during CSA IE. 9206 lte firmware, APQ8017 firmware, APQ8052 Unspecified vulnerabilities exist in multiple Qualcomm products, including firmware.Service operation interruption (DoS) It may be in a state",
"sources": [
{
"db": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020"
},
{
"db": "JVNDB",
"id": "JVNDB-2023-011778"
}
],
"trust": 1.62
},
"external_ids": {
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/external_ids#",
"data": {
"@container": "@list"
},
"sources": {
"@container": "@list",
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#"
}
}
},
"data": [
{
"db": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020",
"trust": 2.6
},
{
"db": "JVNDB",
"id": "JVNDB-2023-011778",
"trust": 0.8
}
],
"sources": [
{
"db": "JVNDB",
"id": "JVNDB-2023-011778"
},
{
"db": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020"
}
]
},
"id": "VAR-202309-1991",
"iot": {
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/iot#",
"sources": {
"@container": "@list",
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#"
}
}
},
"data": true,
"sources": [
{
"db": "VARIoT devices database",
"id": null
}
],
"trust": 0.4266432
},
"last_update_date": "2024-08-14T14:30:16.621000Z",
"problemtype_data": {
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/problemtype_data#",
"sources": {
"@container": "@list",
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#"
}
}
},
"data": [
{
"problemtype": "CWE-285",
"trust": 1.0
},
{
"problemtype": "NVD-CWE-noinfo",
"trust": 1.0
},
{
"problemtype": "Lack of information (CWE-noinfo) [NVD evaluation ]",
"trust": 0.8
}
],
"sources": [
{
"db": "JVNDB",
"id": "JVNDB-2023-011778"
},
{
"db": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020"
}
]
},
"references": {
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/references#",
"data": {
"@container": "@list"
},
"sources": {
"@container": "@list",
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#"
}
}
},
"data": [
{
"trust": 1.8,
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/september-2023-bulletin"
},
{
"trust": 0.8,
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2023-33020"
}
],
"sources": [
{
"db": "JVNDB",
"id": "JVNDB-2023-011778"
},
{
"db": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020"
}
]
},
"sources": {
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#",
"data": {
"@container": "@list"
}
},
"data": [
{
"db": "JVNDB",
"id": "JVNDB-2023-011778"
},
{
"db": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020"
}
]
},
"sources_release_date": {
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources_release_date#",
"data": {
"@container": "@list"
}
},
"data": [
{
"date": "2023-12-14T00:00:00",
"db": "JVNDB",
"id": "JVNDB-2023-011778"
},
{
"date": "2023-09-05T07:15:14.640000",
"db": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020"
}
]
},
"sources_update_date": {
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources_update_date#",
"data": {
"@container": "@list"
}
},
"data": [
{
"date": "2023-12-14T05:19:00",
"db": "JVNDB",
"id": "JVNDB-2023-011778"
},
{
"date": "2024-04-12T17:17:15.340000",
"db": "NVD",
"id": "CVE-2023-33020"
}
]
},
"title": {
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/title#",
"sources": {
"@container": "@list",
"@context": {
"@vocab": "https://www.variotdbs.pl/ref/sources#"
}
}
},
"data": "Vulnerabilities in multiple Qualcomm products",
"sources": [
{
"db": "JVNDB",
"id": "JVNDB-2023-011778"
}
],
"trust": 0.8
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…