Vulnerability-Lookup

UBUNTU-CVE-2025-6442 (CVE-2025-6442)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2025-06-25 17:15 – Updated: 2026-10-08 09:22 – Source website

Details

Ruby WEBrick read_header HTTP Request Smuggling Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to smuggle arbitrary HTTP requests on affected installations of Ruby WEBrick. This issue is exploitable when the product is deployed behind an HTTP proxy that fulfills specific conditions. The specific flaw exists within the read_headers method. The issue results from the inconsistent parsing of terminators of HTTP headers. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to smuggle arbitrary HTTP requests. Was ZDI-CAN-21876.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                    
                      CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N

5.9 (Medium)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-6442	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-6442	REPORT
	https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-…	REPORT
	https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7709-1	ADVISORY
	https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7840-1	ADVISORY

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "jruby",
            "binary_version": "1.5.6-9+deb8u2build0.14.04.1~esm2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS",
        "name": "jruby",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/jruby@1.5.6-9+deb8u2build0.14.04.1~esm2?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-infra-legacy/trusty"
      },
      "ranges": [
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            {
              "introduced": "0"
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          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.5.6-5ubuntu1",
        "1.5.6-6",
        "1.5.6-7",
        "1.5.6-9+deb8u2build0.14.04.1~esm2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "availability": "Available with Ubuntu Pro (Infra-only): https://ubuntu.com/pro",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "libruby2.3",
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          {
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            "binary_version": "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm11"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby2.3-tcltk",
            "binary_version": "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm11"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS",
        "name": "ruby2.3",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/ruby2.3@2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm11?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-infra/xenial"
      },
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            {
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          ],
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      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.3.0-1",
        "2.3.0-2",
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        "2.3.0-4ubuntu3",
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        "2.3.1-2~16.04.2",
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        "2.3.1-2~16.04.5",
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        "2.3.1-2~16.04.7",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.9",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.10",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.11",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.12",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.13",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.14",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.15",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm1",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm2",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm3",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm4",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm5",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm6",
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        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm8",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm9",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm10"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "jruby",
            "binary_version": "1.7.22-1ubuntu1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:16.04:LTS",
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      },
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        "1.7.21-2ubuntu4",
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    },
    {
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        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "libruby2.5",
            "binary_version": "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm6"
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          {
            "binary_name": "ruby2.5",
            "binary_version": "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm6"
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        ]
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      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS",
        "name": "ruby2.5",
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      },
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        {
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            {
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        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.5.0~preview1-1ubuntu2",
        "2.5.0-4ubuntu1",
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        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1",
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        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.2",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.4",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.5",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.6",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.7",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.8",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.9",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.10",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.11",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.12",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.13",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.14",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.15",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm1",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm3",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm4",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm5"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "jruby",
            "binary_version": "9.1.17.0-1~18.04"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:18.04:LTS",
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      },
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        "9.1.13.0-1",
        "9.1.17.0-1~18.04"
      ]
    },
    {
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        "availability": "Available with Ubuntu Pro (Infra-only): https://ubuntu.com/pro",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "libruby2.7",
            "binary_version": "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.18+esm3"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby2.7",
            "binary_version": "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.18+esm3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS",
        "name": "ruby2.7",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/ruby2.7@2.7.0-5ubuntu1.18+esm3?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-infra/focal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.18+esm3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.7.0-1",
        "2.7.0-2",
        "2.7.0-3",
        "2.7.0-4",
        "2.7.0-4ubuntu1",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.1",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.2",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.3",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.4",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.5",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.6",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.7",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.8",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.9",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.10",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.11",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.12",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.13",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.14",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.15",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.16",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.17",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.18",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.18+esm1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
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    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "availability": "No subscription required",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby-webrick",
            "binary_version": "1.7.0-3ubuntu0.2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:22.04:LTS",
        "name": "ruby-webrick",
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      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
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            {
              "fixed": "1.7.0-3ubuntu0.2"
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        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.7.0-1",
        "1.7.0-2",
        "1.7.0-3",
        "1.7.0-3ubuntu0.1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "availability": "No subscription required",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby-webrick",
            "binary_version": "1.8.1-1ubuntu0.2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:24.04:LTS",
        "name": "ruby-webrick",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/ruby-webrick@1.8.1-1ubuntu0.2?arch=source\u0026distro=noble"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
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      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.8.1-1",
        "1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "availability": "No subscription required",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby-webrick",
            "binary_version": "1.9.1-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:25.10",
        "name": "ruby-webrick",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/ruby-webrick@1.9.1-1?arch=source\u0026distro=questing"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
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            {
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        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.8.1-1ubuntu1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "availability": "No subscription required",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby-webrick",
            "binary_version": "1.9.1-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:26.04:LTS",
        "name": "ruby-webrick",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/ruby-webrick@1.9.1-1?arch=source\u0026distro=resolute"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.9.1-1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": []
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "Ruby WEBrick read_header HTTP Request Smuggling Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to smuggle arbitrary HTTP requests on affected installations of Ruby WEBrick. This issue is exploitable when the product is deployed behind an HTTP proxy that fulfills specific conditions. The specific flaw exists within the read_headers method. The issue results from the inconsistent parsing of terminators of HTTP headers. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to smuggle arbitrary HTTP requests. Was ZDI-CAN-21876.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2025-6442",
  "modified": "2026-10-08T09:22:00Z",
  "published": "2025-06-25T17:15:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-6442"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-6442"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-414/"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7709-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7840-1"
    }
  ],
  "related": [
    "USN-7709-1",
    "USN-7840-1"
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-6442"
  ]
}

CVE-2025-6442 (GCVE-0-2025-6442)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-25 16:52 – Updated: 2025-06-25 20:42

Title

Ruby WEBrick read_header HTTP Request Smuggling Vulnerability

Summary

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-06-25 20:41 UTC

CWE

CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')

Assigner

zdi CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 73/100 over 109 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-…	x_research-advisory
https://github.com/ruby/webrick/commit/ee60354bcb…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Ruby	WEBrick	Affected: 1.8.1

Date Public

2025-06-23 14:00

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-6442",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-06-25T20:41:55.809442Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-06-25T20:42:41.093Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "WEBrick",
          "vendor": "Ruby",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.8.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "dateAssigned": "2025-06-20T17:14:36.683Z",
      "datePublic": "2025-06-23T14:00:39.708Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Ruby WEBrick read_header HTTP Request Smuggling Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to smuggle arbitrary HTTP requests on affected installations of Ruby WEBrick. This issue is exploitable when the product is deployed behind an HTTP proxy that fulfills specific conditions.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the read_headers method. The issue results from the inconsistent parsing of terminators of HTTP headers. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to smuggle arbitrary HTTP requests. Was ZDI-CAN-21876."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
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            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.0"
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              "description": "CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response Smuggling\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-06-25T16:52:24.625Z",
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          "tags": [
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        },
        {
          "name": "vendor-provided URL",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
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          "url": "https://github.com/ruby/webrick/commit/ee60354bcb84ec33b9245e1d1aa6e1f7e8132101#diff-ad02984d873efb089aa51551bc6b7d307a53e0ba1ac439e91d69c2e58a478864"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "lang": "en",
        "value": "yadhukrishnam"
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      "title": "Ruby WEBrick read_header HTTP Request Smuggling Vulnerability"
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "datePublished": "2025-06-25T16:52:24.625Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-06-20T17:14:36.566Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-06-25T20:42:41.093Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

USN-7709-1 (UBUNTU-CVE-2025-6442)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2025-08-21 13:53 – Updated: 2026-04-27 14:11 – Source website

Summary

ruby-webrick vulnerability

Details

It was discovered that WEBrick incorrectly parsed HTTP headers. In configurations where WEBrick is placed behind an HTTP proxy, a remote attacker could possibly use this issue to perform an HTTP Request Smuggling attack.

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7709-1	ADVISORY
	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-6442	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "cves_map": {
          "cves": [
            {
              "id": "CVE-2025-6442",
              "severity": [
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                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:22.04:LTS"
        }
      },
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "availability": "No subscription required",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby-webrick",
            "binary_version": "1.7.0-3ubuntu0.2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:22.04:LTS",
        "name": "ruby-webrick",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/ruby-webrick@1.7.0-3ubuntu0.2?arch=source\u0026distro=jammy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.7.0-3ubuntu0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.7.0-1",
        "1.7.0-2",
        "1.7.0-3",
        "1.7.0-3ubuntu0.1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "cves_map": {
          "cves": [
            {
              "id": "CVE-2025-6442",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:24.04:LTS"
        }
      },
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "availability": "No subscription required",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby-webrick",
            "binary_version": "1.8.1-1ubuntu0.2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:24.04:LTS",
        "name": "ruby-webrick",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/ruby-webrick@1.8.1-1ubuntu0.2?arch=source\u0026distro=noble"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.8.1-1ubuntu0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.8.1-1",
        "1.8.1-1ubuntu0.1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "It was discovered that WEBrick incorrectly parsed HTTP headers. In\nconfigurations where WEBrick is placed behind an HTTP proxy, a remote\nattacker could possibly use this issue to perform an HTTP Request Smuggling\nattack.",
  "id": "USN-7709-1",
  "modified": "2026-04-27T14:11:45Z",
  "published": "2025-08-21T13:53:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7709-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-6442"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "summary": "ruby-webrick vulnerability",
  "upstream": [
    "UBUNTU-CVE-2025-6442"
  ]
}

USN-7840-1 (UBUNTU-CVE-2024-35176)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2025-10-27 14:39 – Updated: 2026-06-25 10:46 – Source website

Summary

ruby2.3, ruby2.5, ruby2.7 vulnerabilities

Details

It was discovered that the REXML module bunded into Ruby incorrectly handled parsing XML documents with repeated instances of certain characters. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause REXML to consume excessive resources, leading to a denial of service. Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS were previously addressed in USN-7256-1 and USN-7734-1. This update addresses the issue in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. (CVE-2024-35176)

It was discovered that the REXML module bunded into Ruby incorrectly handled parsing XML documents with repeated instances of certain characters. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause REXML to consume excessive resources, leading to a denial of service. Ubuntu 20.04 LTS was previously addressed in USN-7256-1. This update addresses the issue in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. (CVE-2024-39908, CVE-2024-41123)

It was discovered that the REXML module bunded into Ruby incorrectly handled parsing XML documents with many entity expansions. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause REXML to consume excessive resources, leading to a denial of service. Ubuntu 20.04 LTS was previously addressed in USN-7091-2. This update addresses the issue in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. (CVE-2024-41946)

It was discovered that the WEBrick module bundled into Ruby incorrectly handled having both a Content-Length header and a Transfer-Encoding header. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to perform a HTTP request smuggling attack. (CVE-2024-47220)

It was discovered that the WEBrick module bundled into Ruby incorrectly parsed HTTP headers. In configurations where the WEBrick module is placed behind an HTTP proxy, a remote attacker could possibly use this issue to perform an HTTP Request Smuggling attack. (CVE-2025-6442)

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7840-1	ADVISORY
	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-35176	REPORT
	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-39908	REPORT
	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-41123	REPORT
	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-41946	REPORT
	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-47220	REPORT
	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-6442	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "cves_map": {
          "cves": [
            {
              "id": "CVE-2024-35176",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "CVE-2024-39908",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "CVE-2024-41123",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "CVE-2024-41946",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "CVE-2024-47220",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "CVE-2025-6442",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS"
        }
      },
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "availability": "Available with Ubuntu Pro (Infra-only): https://ubuntu.com/pro",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "libruby2.3",
            "binary_version": "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm11"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby2.3",
            "binary_version": "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm11"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby2.3-tcltk",
            "binary_version": "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm11"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS",
        "name": "ruby2.3",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/ruby2.3@2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm11?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-infra/xenial"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.3.0-1",
        "2.3.0-2",
        "2.3.0-4ubuntu2",
        "2.3.0-4ubuntu3",
        "2.3.0-5ubuntu1",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.2",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.4",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.5",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.6",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.7",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.9",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.10",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.11",
        "2.3.1-2~16.04.12",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.13",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.14",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.15",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm1",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm2",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm3",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm4",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm5",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm6",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm7",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm8",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm9",
        "2.3.1-2~ubuntu16.04.16+esm10"
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "cves_map": {
          "cves": [
            {
              "id": "CVE-2024-39908",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "CVE-2024-41123",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "CVE-2024-41946",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "CVE-2024-47220",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "CVE-2025-6442",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS"
        }
      },
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "availability": "Available with Ubuntu Pro (Infra-only): https://ubuntu.com/pro",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "libruby2.5",
            "binary_version": "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm6"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby2.5",
            "binary_version": "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm6"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS",
        "name": "ruby2.5",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/ruby2.5@2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm6?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-infra/bionic"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.5.0~preview1-1ubuntu2",
        "2.5.0-4ubuntu1",
        "2.5.0-4ubuntu4",
        "2.5.0-5ubuntu1",
        "2.5.0-6ubuntu1",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.1",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.2",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.4",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.5",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.6",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.7",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.8",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.9",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.10",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.11",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.12",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.13",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.14",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.15",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm1",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm3",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm4",
        "2.5.1-1ubuntu1.16+esm5"
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "cves_map": {
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            {
              "id": "CVE-2024-47220",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "CVE-2025-6442",
              "severity": [
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                  "type": "CVSS_V3"
                },
                {
                  "score": "medium",
                  "type": "Ubuntu"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS"
        }
      },
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "availability": "Available with Ubuntu Pro (Infra-only): https://ubuntu.com/pro",
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "libruby2.7",
            "binary_version": "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.18+esm3"
          },
          {
            "binary_name": "ruby2.7",
            "binary_version": "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.18+esm3"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS",
        "name": "ruby2.7",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/ruby2.7@2.7.0-5ubuntu1.18+esm3?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-infra/focal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
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            },
            {
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            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.7.0-1",
        "2.7.0-2",
        "2.7.0-3",
        "2.7.0-4",
        "2.7.0-4ubuntu1",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.1",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.2",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.3",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.4",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.5",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.6",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.7",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.8",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.9",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.10",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.11",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.12",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.13",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.14",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.15",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.16",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.17",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.18",
        "2.7.0-5ubuntu1.18+esm1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "It was discovered that the REXML module bunded into Ruby incorrectly\nhandled parsing XML documents with repeated instances of certain\ncharacters. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause REXML to\nconsume excessive resources, leading to a denial of service. Ubuntu 18.04\nLTS and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS were previously addressed in USN-7256-1 and\nUSN-7734-1. This update addresses the issue in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS.\n(CVE-2024-35176)\n\nIt was discovered that the REXML module bunded into Ruby incorrectly\nhandled parsing XML documents with repeated instances of certain\ncharacters. An attacker could possibly use this issue to cause REXML to\nconsume excessive resources, leading to a denial of service. Ubuntu 20.04\nLTS was previously addressed in USN-7256-1. This update addresses the issue\nin Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. (CVE-2024-39908, CVE-2024-41123)\n\nIt was discovered that the REXML module bunded into Ruby incorrectly\nhandled parsing XML documents with many entity expansions. An attacker\ncould possibly use this issue to cause REXML to consume excessive\nresources, leading to a denial of service. Ubuntu 20.04 LTS was previously\naddressed in USN-7091-2. This update addresses the issue in Ubuntu 16.04\nLTS and Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. (CVE-2024-41946)\n\nIt was discovered that the WEBrick module bundled into Ruby incorrectly\nhandled having both a Content-Length header and a Transfer-Encoding header.\nA remote attacker could possibly use this issue to perform a HTTP request\nsmuggling attack. (CVE-2024-47220)\n\nIt was discovered that the WEBrick module bundled into Ruby incorrectly\nparsed HTTP headers. In configurations where the WEBrick module is placed\nbehind an HTTP proxy, a remote attacker could possibly use this issue to\nperform an HTTP Request Smuggling attack. (CVE-2025-6442)",
  "id": "USN-7840-1",
  "modified": "2026-06-25T10:46:59Z",
  "published": "2025-10-27T14:39:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7840-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-35176"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-39908"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-41123"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-41946"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-47220"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-6442"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "summary": "ruby2.3, ruby2.5, ruby2.7 vulnerabilities",
  "upstream": [
    "UBUNTU-CVE-2024-35176",
    "UBUNTU-CVE-2024-39908",
    "UBUNTU-CVE-2024-41123",
    "UBUNTU-CVE-2024-41946",
    "UBUNTU-CVE-2024-47220",
    "UBUNTU-CVE-2025-6442"
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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UBUNTU-CVE-2025-6442 (CVE-2025-6442)

CVE-2025-6442 (GCVE-0-2025-6442)

USN-7709-1 (UBUNTU-CVE-2025-6442)

USN-7840-1 (UBUNTU-CVE-2024-35176)

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