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    "datePublished": "2025-06-18T11:00:42.433Z",
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntty: n_gsm: fix deadlock and link starvation in outgoing data path\n\nThe current implementation queues up new control and user packets as needed\nand processes this queue down to the ldisc in the same code path.\nThat means that the upper and the lower layer are hard coupled in the code.\nDue to this deadlocks can happen as seen below while transmitting data,\nespecially during ldisc congestion. Furthermore, the data channels starve\nthe control channel on high transmission load on the ldisc.\n\nIntroduce an additional control channel data queue to prevent timeouts and\nlink hangups during ldisc congestion. This is being processed before the\nuser channel data queue in gsm_data_kick(), i.e. with the highest priority.\nPut the queue to ldisc data path into a workqueue and trigger it whenever\nnew data has been put into the transmission queue. Change\ngsm_dlci_data_sweep() accordingly to fill up the transmission queue until\nTX_THRESH_HI. This solves the locking issue, keeps latency low and provides\ngood performance on high data load.\nNote that now all packets from a DLCI are removed from the internal queue\nif the associated DLCI was closed. This ensures that no data is sent by the\nintroduced write task to an already closed DLCI.\n\nBUG: spinlock recursion on CPU#0, test_v24_loop/124\n lock: serial8250_ports+0x3a8/0x7500, .magic: dead4ead, .owner: test_v24_loop/124, .owner_cpu: 0\nCPU: 0 PID: 124 Comm: test_v24_loop Tainted: G           O      5.18.0-rc2 #3\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014\nCall Trace:\n \u003cIRQ\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x34/0x44\n do_raw_spin_lock+0x76/0xa0\n _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x72/0x80\n uart_write_room+0x3b/0xc0\n gsm_data_kick+0x14b/0x240 [n_gsm]\n gsmld_write_wakeup+0x35/0x70 [n_gsm]\n tty_wakeup+0x53/0x60\n tty_port_default_wakeup+0x1b/0x30\n serial8250_tx_chars+0x12f/0x220\n serial8250_handle_irq.part.0+0xfe/0x150\n serial8250_default_handle_irq+0x48/0x80\n serial8250_interrupt+0x56/0xa0\n __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x78/0x1f0\n handle_irq_event+0x34/0x70\n handle_fasteoi_irq+0x90/0x1e0\n __common_interrupt+0x69/0x100\n common_interrupt+0x48/0xc0\n asm_common_interrupt+0x1e/0x40\nRIP: 0010:__do_softirq+0x83/0x34e\nCode: 2a 0a ff 0f b7 ed c7 44 24 10 0a 00 00 00 48 c7 c7 51 2a 64 82 e8 2d\ne2 d5 ff 65 66 c7 05 83 af 1e 7e 00 00 fb b8 ff ff ff ff \u003c49\u003e c7 c2 40 61\n80 82 0f bc c5 41 89 c4 41 83 c4 01 0f 84 e6 00 00\nRSP: 0018:ffffc90000003f98 EFLAGS: 00000286\nRAX: 00000000ffffffff RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000\nRDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff82642a51 RDI: ffffffff825bb5e7\nRBP: 0000000000000200 R08: 00000008de3271a8 R09: 0000000000000000\nR10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000\nR13: 0000000000000030 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000\n ? __do_softirq+0x73/0x34e\n irq_exit_rcu+0xb5/0x100\n common_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0\n \u003c/IRQ\u003e\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n asm_common_interrupt+0x1e/0x40\nRIP: 0010:_raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x2e/0x50\nCode: 00 55 48 89 fd 48 83 c7 18 53 48 89 f3 48 8b 74 24 10 e8 85 28 36 ff\n48 89 ef e8 cd 58 36 ff 80 e7 02 74 01 fb bf 01 00 00 00 \u003ce8\u003e 3d 97 33 ff\n65 8b 05 96 23 2b 7e 85 c0 74 03 5b 5d c3 0f 1f 44\nRSP: 0018:ffffc9000020fd08 EFLAGS: 00000202\nRAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000246 RCX: 0000000000000000\nRDX: 0000000000000004 RSI: ffffffff8257fd74 RDI: 0000000000000001\nRBP: ffff8880057de3a0 R08: 00000008de233000 R09: 0000000000000000\nR10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000\nR13: 0000000000000100 R14: 0000000000000202 R15: ffff8880057df0b8\n ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x23/0x50\n gsmtty_write+0x65/0x80 [n_gsm]\n n_tty_write+0x33f/0x530\n ? swake_up_all+0xe0/0xe0\n file_tty_write.constprop.0+0x1b1/0x320\n ? n_tty_flush_buffer+0xb0/0xb0\n new_sync_write+0x10c/0x190\n vfs_write+0x282/0x310\n ksys_write+0x68/0xe0\n do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae\nRIP: 0033:0x7f3e5e35c15c\nCode: 8b 7c 24 08 89 c5 e8 c5 ff ff ff 89 ef 89 44 24\n---truncated---"
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      "title": "tty: n_gsm: fix deadlock and link starvation in outgoing data path",
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsmb: prevent use-after-free due to open_cached_dir error paths\n\nIf open_cached_dir() encounters an error parsing the lease from the\nserver, the error handling may race with receiving a lease break,\nresulting in open_cached_dir() freeing the cfid while the queued work is\npending.\n\nUpdate open_cached_dir() to drop refs rather than directly freeing the\ncfid.\n\nHave cached_dir_lease_break(), cfids_laundromat_worker(), and\ninvalidate_all_cached_dirs() clear has_lease immediately while still\nholding cfids-\u003ecfid_list_lock, and then use this to also simplify the\nreference counting in cfids_laundromat_worker() and\ninvalidate_all_cached_dirs().\n\nFixes this KASAN splat (which manually injects an error and lease break\nin open_cached_dir()):\n\n==================================================================\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in smb2_cached_lease_break+0x27/0xb0\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff88811cc24c10 by task kworker/3:1/65\n\nCPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 65 Comm: kworker/3:1 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc6-g255cf264e6e5-dirty #87\nHardware name: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform/440BX Desktop Reference Platform, BIOS 6.00 11/12/2020\nWorkqueue: cifsiod smb2_cached_lease_break\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x77/0xb0\n print_report+0xce/0x660\n kasan_report+0xd3/0x110\n smb2_cached_lease_break+0x27/0xb0\n process_one_work+0x50a/0xc50\n worker_thread+0x2ba/0x530\n kthread+0x17c/0x1c0\n ret_from_fork+0x34/0x60\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nAllocated by task 2464:\n kasan_save_stack+0x33/0x60\n kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30\n __kasan_kmalloc+0xaa/0xb0\n open_cached_dir+0xa7d/0x1fb0\n smb2_query_path_info+0x43c/0x6e0\n cifs_get_fattr+0x346/0xf10\n cifs_get_inode_info+0x157/0x210\n cifs_revalidate_dentry_attr+0x2d1/0x460\n cifs_getattr+0x173/0x470\n vfs_statx_path+0x10f/0x160\n vfs_statx+0xe9/0x150\n vfs_fstatat+0x5e/0xc0\n __do_sys_newfstatat+0x91/0xf0\n do_syscall_64+0x95/0x1a0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nFreed by task 2464:\n kasan_save_stack+0x33/0x60\n kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30\n kasan_save_free_info+0x3b/0x60\n __kasan_slab_free+0x51/0x70\n kfree+0x174/0x520\n open_cached_dir+0x97f/0x1fb0\n smb2_query_path_info+0x43c/0x6e0\n cifs_get_fattr+0x346/0xf10\n cifs_get_inode_info+0x157/0x210\n cifs_revalidate_dentry_attr+0x2d1/0x460\n cifs_getattr+0x173/0x470\n vfs_statx_path+0x10f/0x160\n vfs_statx+0xe9/0x150\n vfs_fstatat+0x5e/0xc0\n __do_sys_newfstatat+0x91/0xf0\n do_syscall_64+0x95/0x1a0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nLast potentially related work creation:\n kasan_save_stack+0x33/0x60\n __kasan_record_aux_stack+0xad/0xc0\n insert_work+0x32/0x100\n __queue_work+0x5c9/0x870\n queue_work_on+0x82/0x90\n open_cached_dir+0x1369/0x1fb0\n smb2_query_path_info+0x43c/0x6e0\n cifs_get_fattr+0x346/0xf10\n cifs_get_inode_info+0x157/0x210\n cifs_revalidate_dentry_attr+0x2d1/0x460\n cifs_getattr+0x173/0x470\n vfs_statx_path+0x10f/0x160\n vfs_statx+0xe9/0x150\n vfs_fstatat+0x5e/0xc0\n __do_sys_newfstatat+0x91/0xf0\n do_syscall_64+0x95/0x1a0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nThe buggy address belongs to the object at ffff88811cc24c00\n which belongs to the cache kmalloc-1k of size 1024\nThe buggy address is located 16 bytes inside of\n freed 1024-byte region [ffff88811cc24c00, ffff88811cc25000)"
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              "value": "AV:N - The UAF is driven entirely by data received from a remote SMB server over TCP/445 \u2014 a crafted SMB2 CREATE/QUERY_INFO response that forces the error path, plus an unsolicited SMB2 lease-break packet processed by the cifsd demultiplex thread. No local access to the victim is needed.\nAC:L - The malicious server controls both sides of the race: it makes the response fail parsing deterministically (short FILE_ALL_INFORMATION or a lease lacking READ caching) and it chooses exactly when to send the lease break, using the lease key the client disclosed in its own CREATE request. It gets unlimited retries via every directory access and every server-forced reconnect.\nPR:N - The attacker is the SMB server (or a MITM on an unsigned connection) and holds no privileges on the victim host; it is the authenticating party and can accept any credentials the client offers. The vulnerable code is reached automatically at tree connect (smb3_qfs_tcon \u2192 open_cached_dir) with no client-side account required.\nUI:N - Against an existing CIFS mount \u2014 the realistic case of an enterprise/cloud host mounting a file server that is compromised or MITM\u0027d, or an autofs/systemd mount \u2014 the server triggers the bug at will, including by forcing reconnects that re-enter open_cached_dir(). No victim action is required at exploitation time.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences are confined to the kernel\u0027s own security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed kmalloc-1k cached_fid is subsequently read by smb2_cached_lease_break(), which dereferences cfid-\u003ecfids and later cfid-\u003edentry/cfid-\u003etcon; with heap spray this yields attacker-directed reads of kernel memory and leaks of kernel pointers.\nI:H - The stale reference produces a write into freed memory (atomic kref decrement) and, on reaching zero, list_del(\u0026cfid-\u003eentry) \u2014 a classic write-what-where unlink \u2014 plus dput() on a sprayed dentry, giving heap-spray-based arbitrary write and control-flow hijack potential.\nA:H - Even unweaponized, the use-after-free causes a spinlock acquisition and refcount manipulation on freed memory, reliably producing kernel oops/panic, and the server can retrigger it repeatedly."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_set_pipapo: fix initial map fill\n\nThe initial buffer has to be inited to all-ones, but it must restrict\nit to the size of the first field, not the total field size.\n\nAfter each round in the map search step, the result and the fill map\nare swapped, so if we have a set where f-\u003ebsize of the first element\nis smaller than m-\u003ebsize_max, those one-bits are leaked into future\nrounds result map.\n\nThis makes pipapo find an incorrect matching results for sets where\nfirst field size is not the largest.\n\nFollowup patch adds a test case to nft_concat_range.sh selftest script.\n\nThanks to Stefano Brivio for pointing out that we need to zero out\nthe remainder explicitly, only correcting memset() argument isn\u0027t enough."
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              "value": "AV:N - The buggy `nft_pipapo_lookup()` is the per-packet set-matching op invoked from `nft_lookup_eval` on header fields (`ip saddr . tcp dport . meta l4proto`) taken directly from received packets, so a remote off-host attacker\u0027s traffic drives the defective classification. The generic C path is what runs on all non-x86_64 firewall/router deployments and on x86_64 via the `!irq_fpu_usable()` fallback.\nAC:L - Once a ruleset uses the common concat-range set layout where the first field expands to fewer rules than a later field, the wrong-match behavior is fully deterministic and repeatable \u2014 the attacker simply sends packets and can probe which header values are falsely accepted. No race, no memory-layout dependency, no unknown runtime state.\nPR:N - An unauthenticated, unprivileged remote host needs only to emit packets at the filtering system to reach the miscomputed lookup; no account, credential, or capability on the target is involved. (The control-plane variant via `pipapo_get()` needs only CAP_NET_ADMIN, itself obtainable unprivileged through `unshare -Urn`.)\nUI:N - Classification happens automatically in the packet path for every frame traversing the affected rule; no administrator or victim action is needed for the attacker\u0027s traffic to be misclassified.\nS:U - The defect and its consequences are contained in the kernel\u0027s netfilter/nf_tables engine within a single security authority, with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - The flaw defeats the packet filter itself: a source address/port/protocol tuple that policy denies falsely matches an allow-set entry, granting an unauthenticated remote attacker reach to services (management ports, databases, internal listeners) whose data the ruleset was configured to keep unreachable, and `map` sets can steer traffic to an unintended internal destination.\nI:H - The kernel silently enforces a falsified classification result, accepting traffic that must be dropped, and on the control plane `pipapo_get()` makes `nft get/add/delete element` operate on the wrong element, so a delete removes an unrelated entry and the enforced security policy is corrupted without any error being reported.\nA:H - The same systematic false-positive makes permitted traffic match drop/reject entries, persistently blackholing legitimate flows, while insert returning spurious `-EEXIST`/`-ENOTEMPTY` and deletes hitting the wrong element leave the administrator unable to repair the ruleset \u2014 a sustained loss of filtering and connectivity for the affected services."
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      "title": "netfilter: nf_set_pipapo: fix initial map fill",
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    "cveId": "CVE-2024-57947",
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is entered by sending an ethtool generic-netlink message on an AF_NETLINK socket from a local process (`__sys_sendto` \u2192 `genl_rcv` \u2192 `ethnl_default_set_doit`/`ethnl_default_doit`). Netlink-based subsystem access is Local per kernel scoring guidance.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 creating and deleting veth/dummy devices in a namespace they own while concurrently hammering ethnl GET/SET requests for those ifindexes from other threads \u2014 so the window can be hit reliably and repeated indefinitely. Once the device reaches NETREG_UNREGISTERED it stalls in netdev_wait_allrefs_any() on the reference the attacker\u0027s own request holds, keeping the window open.\nPR:L - Local access as an ordinary unprivileged user suffices: ethtool netlink GET operations require no capability, and the SET operations\u0027 GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM resolves to ns_capable(net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN), which is granted inside an unprivileged user namespace (unshare -Urn) that also lets the attacker create and destroy the netdevices needed for the race.\nUI:N - The attacker drives both the device unregistration and the ethtool netlink requests entirely from their own processes. No victim action or interaction is involved.\nS:U - The corruption and crash occur in kernel memory within the same security authority as the attacking local process. No VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The ethtool operation proceeds against a device whose teardown has fully completed \u2014 rss_lock destroyed, the rss_ctx xarray destroyed and its ethtool_rxfh_context objects freed, ndo_uninit() and NETDEV_UNREGISTER notifiers already run \u2014 so reads through this dismantled state can return freed/stale kernel memory to userspace via the netlink reply. This use-after-teardown condition is treated as High per the use-after-free guidance.\nI:H - The ethtool set handlers (set_channels, set_rings, set_coalesce, etc.) perform writes into device and driver structures that have already been torn down, and lock a mutex that has been destroyed, giving an attacker-influenced write into stale kernel state that is exploitable for memory corruption.\nA:H - The reported symptom is a kernel WARNING in __mutex_lock() from locking the destroyed rss_lock, which is fatal on panic_on_warn systems, and operating on a fully dismantled net_device readily leads to oopses and driver-level crashes."
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