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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwriteback: fix race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and inode_switch_wbs()\n\nWhen a container exits, the following BUG_ON() is occasionally triggered:\n\n==================================================================\n VFS: Busy inodes after unmount of sdb (ext4)\n ------------[ cut here ]------------\n kernel BUG at fs/super.c:695!\n CPU: 3 PID: 6 Comm: containerd-shim Tainted: G OE K 6.6 #1\n pstate: 63400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO +TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\n pc : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n lr : generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n Call trace:\n  generic_shutdown_super+0xf0/0x100\n  kill_block_super+0x20/0x48\n  ext4_kill_sb+0x28/0x60\n  deactivate_locked_super+0x54/0x130\n  deactivate_super+0x84/0xa0\n  cleanup_mnt+0xa4/0x140\n  __cleanup_mnt+0x18/0x28\n  task_work_run+0x78/0xe0\n  do_notify_resume+0x204/0x240\n==================================================================\n\nThe root cause is a race between cgroup_writeback_umount() and\ninode_switch_wbs()/cleanup_offline_cgwb(). There is a window between\ninode_prepare_wbs_switch() returning true and the subsequent\nwb_queue_isw() call. Following is the process that triggers the issue:\n\n      CPU A (umount)           |          CPU B (writeback)\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n                                 inode_switch_wbs/cleanup_offline_cgwb\n                                  atomic_inc(\u0026isw_nr_in_flight)\n                                  inode_prepare_wbs_switch\n                                   -\u003e passes SB_ACTIVE check\n                                   __iget(inode)\n generic_shutdown_super\n  sb-\u003es_flags \u0026= ~SB_ACTIVE\n  cgroup_writeback_umount(sb)\n   smp_mb()\n   atomic_read(\u0026isw_nr_in_flight)\n   rcu_barrier()\n    -\u003e no pending RCU callbacks\n   flush_workqueue(isw_wq)\n    -\u003e nothing queued, returns\n  evict_inodes(sb)\n   -\u003e Inode skipped as isw still holds a ref.\n  sop-\u003eput_super(sb)\n   /* destroys percpu counters */\n  -\u003e VFS: Busy inodes after unmount!\n                                  wb_queue_isw()\n                                   queue_work(isw_wq, ...)\n                                  /* later in work function */\n                                  inode_switch_wbs_work_fn\n                                   process_inode_switch_wbs\n                                    iput() -\u003e evict\n                                     percpu_counter_dec() // UAF!\n\nFix this by extending the RCU read-side critical section in\ninode_switch_wbs() and cleanup_offline_cgwb() to cover from\ninode_prepare_wbs_switch() through wb_queue_isw().  Since there is\nno sleep in this window, rcu_read_lock() can be used.  Then add a\nsynchronize_rcu() in cgroup_writeback_umount() before the existing\nrcu_barrier(), so that all in-flight switchers that have passed the\nSB_ACTIVE check have completed queue_work() before flush_workqueue()\nis called.\n\nThe existing rcu_barrier() is intentionally retained so this fix can\nbe backported unchanged to stable kernels (5.10.y, 6.6.y, ...) that\nstill queue switches via queue_rcu_work(). It is a no-op on current\nmainline (since commit e1b849cfa6b6 (\"writeback: Avoid contention on\nwb-\u003elist_lock when switching inodes\")) and is removed in a follow-up\npatch."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfs/resctrl: Fix use-after-free during unmount\n\nDuring unmount or failure teardown all mon_data structures that contain\nmonitoring event file private data are freed after which kernfs nodes are\nremoved. However, the RDT_DELETED flag is never set for the statically\nallocated default resource group.\n\nA concurrent reader of an event file associated with the default resource\ngroup may, after dropping kernfs active protection, block on rdtgroup_mutex\nwhile unmount proceeds to free the file private data and destroy the kernfs\nnode without waiting for the reader.\n\nWhen the mutex is released, the reader wakes up, observes that RDT_DELETED\nis not set for the default group, and dereferences the already-freed\nfile private data.\n\nThe scenario can be depicted as follows:\n  CPU0                                      CPU1\n   /*\n    * Default resource group\u0027s\n    * monitoring data accessible via\n    * kernfs file with kernfs_node::priv\n    * pointing to a struct mon_data.\n    * User opens the file for reading.\n    */\n   rdtgroup_mondata_show()                 /* arch encounters fatal error */\n    rdtgroup_kn_lock_live()                 resctrl_exit()\n     atomic_inc(\u0026rdtgroup_default.waitcount) cpus_read_lock()\n     kernfs_break_active_protection(kn)      mutex_lock(\u0026rdtgroup_mutex)\n     cpus_read_lock()                        resctrl_fs_teardown()\n     mutex_lock(\u0026rdtgroup_mutex)              rmdir_all_sub()\n                                              mon_put_kn_priv()\n                                               /* Delete all mon_data structures */\n                                              rdtgroup_destroy_root()\n                                               kernfs_destroy_root()\n                                               rdtgroup_default.kn = NULL\n                                             mutex_unlock(\u0026rdtgroup_mutex)\n     /*\n      * rdtgroup_default.flags is empty so\n      * rdtgroup_kn_lock_live() returns\n      * \u0026rdtgroup_default\n      */\n     md = of-\u003ekn-\u003epriv;\n\n     /* md points to freed mon_data */\n\nSet RDT_DELETED for the default group unconditionally since the flag does\nnot lead to the freeing of this statically allocated group.\n\nDo not allow a new resctrl mount if there are any waiters on default group\nof previous mount. A new mount will re-initialize the default group that\nwould appear to waiters from previous mount as though the default group is\naccessible causing them to access the mon_data structures from the previous\nmount that have been removed."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsctp: clear new_transport when removing a peer\n\nsctp_process_asconf_param() stores a newly added peer transport in\nasoc-\u003enew_transport. After all parameters in the ASCONF chunk have been\nprocessed, sctp_sf_do_asconf() uses this pointer to send a HEARTBEAT to the\nnew transport.\n\nAn authenticated ASCONF from a remote SCTP peer can add a transport and\nremove it again with a wildcard DEL-IP parameter in the same chunk. The\nwildcard deletion preserves the transport on which the ASCONF arrived, but\nremoves the newly added transport through\nsctp_assoc_del_nonprimary_peers(). The removal does not clear\nasoc-\u003enew_transport, leaving it pointing to the removed transport.\n\nsctp_sf_do_asconf() then creates a HEARTBEAT whose chunk-\u003etransport points\nto the removed transport without holding a transport reference. During\nlocal address replacement, src_out_of_asoc_ok keeps this HEARTBEAT on\ncontrol_chunk_list. After the transport is freed by RCU, a successful\nASCONF_ACK for the replacement address releases the queued HEARTBEAT and\nsctp_outq_select_transport() reads the freed transport\u0027s state.\n\nThe issue was found during a static audit of SCTP objects. With an\nauthenticated peer, the reproducer triggered the same KASAN report in 2\nof 2 unpatched runs on a KASAN-enabled netdev/main kernel:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in sctp_outq_select_transport\n  Read of size 4 at addr ffff88800b9bd95c by task python3/197\n\n  Call Trace:\n   sctp_outq_select_transport+0x549/0x8b0 [sctp]\n   sctp_outq_flush+0x306/0x2c60 [sctp]\n   sctp_transport_immediate_rtx+0xaf/0x260 [sctp]\n   sctp_process_asconf_ack+0xa48/0xf70 [sctp]\n\n  Allocated by task 197:\n   sctp_transport_new+0x68/0x650 [sctp]\n   sctp_assoc_add_peer+0x258/0x12a0 [sctp]\n   sctp_process_asconf+0x5e9/0x1090 [sctp]\n\n  Last potentially related work creation:\n   __call_rcu_common.constprop.0+0x77/0xb70\n   sctp_assoc_del_nonprimary_peers+0x7c/0xd0 [sctp]\n   sctp_process_asconf+0xd9c/0x1090 [sctp]\n\nThe first invalid access was a four-byte read of transport-\u003estate at\nnet/sctp/outqueue.c:833. The same reproducer completed the full\nauthenticated ASCONF and local-address replacement sequence with this\nchange without a KASAN report or oops.\n\nClear new_transport when its peer is removed, before it can be used to\ncreate the HEARTBEAT."
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              "value": "AV:N - The bug is triggered when a remote SCTP peer sends an authenticated ASCONF chunk that is processed via sctp_rcv() through the state machine into sctp_sf_do_asconf() and sctp_process_asconf(); this is standard network packet handling, not a local syscall or ioctl path.\nAC:L - The remote peer fully controls a single ASCONF containing ADD_IP followed by wildcard DEL-IP to add then remove a transport while leaving asoc-\u003enew_transport dangling; combined with routine SCTP local address replacement (src_out_of_asoc_ok), the KASAN reproducer hit the UAF in 2/2 runs.\nPR:N - Exploitation requires only being an established SCTP association peer sending SCTP-AUTH-protected ASCONF traffic negotiated during the normal handshake (or addip_noauth); no Linux account, capability, or init-namespace privilege is needed on the victim host.\nUI:N - No victim user action such as opening a file or mounting a filesystem is required; the kernel automatically processes attacker-crafted ASCONF packets on an existing SCTP association during normal server operation.\nS:U - Impact is confined to kernel heap corruption on the vulnerable host (slab UAF on sctp_transport) and potential privilege escalation within that kernel; it does not cross VM, container, or IOMMU security boundaries.\nC:H - KASAN reports slab-use-after-free with a 4-byte read of freed sctp_transport-\u003estate in sctp_outq_select_transport(); UAF on heap transport objects enables grooming for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure per kernel CVSS guidance.\nI:H - The dangling sctp_transport pointer is embedded in a queued HEARTBEAT control chunk without a reference; UAF on this heap object can be leveraged via heap spraying for arbitrary kernel writes and control-flow hijacking, not merely a bounded corruption.\nA:H - Dereferencing the freed transport during sctp_outq_flush() causes a reproducible kernel UAF/oops; remote peers can repeatedly trigger this against SCTP endpoints handling ADD-IP traffic, yielding denial of service or crash."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfs: fix exchange-range-to-eof file size exchange\n\nNorbert Szetei posted a patch containing an incomplete description of a\nbug in XFS_IOC_EXCHANGE_RANGE\u0027s TO_EOF flag.  The bug tricks\nexchange-range into modifying a file so that it has shared blocks\nstarting beyond EOF, which is never allowed because files never have\nwritten data beyond EOF, and you can only share written data blocks.\nThis is key to all the incorrect behavior that follows.\n\nEventually I got from Norbert a description of what\u0027s going wrong:\n\n\u003e Fair. Here it is with physical block numbers, 4k blocks. peer is the file\n\u003e that gets rewritten and file1 is the one that ends up with the flag\n\u003e cleared.\n\u003e\n\u003e Start, nothing shared:\n\u003e\n\u003e\tpeer size 4096   -\u003e [100]\n\u003e\tfile1 size 12288 -\u003e [200] [201] [202]\n\u003e\tdonor1 size 4096 -\u003e [300]\n\u003e\tdonor2 size 4096 -\u003e [400]\n\u003e\n\u003e 1. FICLONERANGE peer\u0027s block into file1\u0027s middle slot:\n\u003e\n\u003e\tpeer size 4096   -\u003e [100]\n\u003e\tfile1 size 12288 -\u003e [200] [100] [202] reflink flag set\n\u003e                             ^^^^^ both files own block 100\n\u003e\n\u003e 2. XFS_IOC_EXCHANGE_RANGE file1 against donor1, file1_offset 0,\n\u003e file2_offset 8192, length 0, TO_EOF. One block is exchanged, and the sizes\n\u003e are exchanged with it:\n\u003e\n\u003e\tfile1 size 4096   -\u003e [200] [100] [300] reflink flag set\n\u003e                              ^^^^^^^^^^^ still owned, now past the size\n\u003e\tdonor1 size 12288 -\u003e [202]\n\u003e\n\u003e file1 says it is one block long while it still owns three. Nothing was\n\u003e unmapped. file2_offset is block 2, so this exchange cannot clear a flag.\n\u003e\n\u003e 3. XFS_IOC_EXCHANGE_RANGE file1 against donor2, both offsets 0, length 4096.\n\u003e By i_disk_size this is two one-block files exchanging everything, so\n\u003e xmi_can_exchange_reflink_flags() agrees and the flag is cleared:\n\u003e\n\u003e\tfile1 size 4096   -\u003e [400] [100] [300] reflink flag CLEARED\n\u003e\tdonor2 size 4096  -\u003e [200]\n\u003e\n\u003e Block 100 is still shared with peer.\n\u003e\n\u003e 4. pwrite(file1, 4096, 4096), which is file1\u0027s second slot, block 100.\n\u003e xfs_is_cow_inode(file1) is false, so no CoW:\n\u003e\n\u003e\tpeer size 4096 -\u003e [100] same block, new contents\n\u003e\n\u003e Block 100 is the only one that matters here. PoC below, it reads a file\n\u003e called peer in the current directory. The filesystem needs reflink and\n\u003e exchange-range, which mkfs.xfs 7.x turns on by default.\n\nSo yes, TO_EOF is screwing up the file size even if it\u0027s actually\nexchanging the data block correctly.  The following is the intended\nbehavior of XFS_EXCHANGE_RANGE_TO_EOF, as described by its manpage:\n\n\"Ignore the length parameter.  All bytes in file1_fd from file1_offset\n to EOF are moved to file2_fd, and file2\u0027s size is set to\n (file2_offset+(file1_length-file1_offset)).  Meanwhile, all bytes in\n file2 from file2_offset to EOF are moved to file1 and file1\u0027s size is\n set to (file1_offset+(file2_length-file2_offset)).\"\n\nIn other words, if we only exchange a portion of the file data, then we\nshould only exchange the portion of the file size that relates to the\nexchanged data.  Unfortunately, the code swaps the ondisk file size and\nthe incore file sizes, which is incorrect if the caller passes in a\nnonzero offset.\n\nHaving confused the file sizes, the PoC uses a second exchange-range\ncall on what looks like a non-reflinked single-block file.  Because the\nfile size is set incorrectly, exchange-range thinks it\u0027s exchanging the\nfull contents of two files and clears the reflink flag on the broken\nfile.  That enables an extending write of the broken file to rewrite the\nshared block that\u0027s just past EOF.  This has become known colloquially\nas refluxfs.\n\nOnce the file sizes are set correctly, the second exchange-range no\nlonger thinks that it\u0027s doing a full-contents swap, so it won\u0027t clear\nthe reflink flag on either of its file arguments.\n\nNorbert followed up to an earlier version of this patch with a second\ncomplaint about us not handling the i_disk_size state correctly:\n\n\u003e The offsets are bounded against the incore i_size but subtracted from\n\u003e\n---truncated---"
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            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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              "value": "AV:L - The attacker-controlled offsets and XFS_EXCHANGE_RANGE_TO_EOF flag enter through ioctl(2), then xfs_file_ioctl -\u003e xfs_ioc_exchange_range -\u003e xfs_exchange_range -\u003e xfs_exchrange_mappings/xfs_exchmaps_init_intent, the two patched functions; no network data reaches this path.\nAC:L - On XFS with reflink and exchange-range enabled, one process can deterministically clone a readable peer block, issue the TO_EOF and full-range exchanges, then pwrite; every transition is attacker-controlled and no race is required.\nPR:L - xfs_exchange_range requires read/write access to the exchanged files, which can be attacker-owned. The protected peer is only the FICLONERANGE source, and vfs_clone_file_range requires MAY_READ on it without any capability check.\nUI:N - The attacker alone invokes FICLONERANGE, two XFS_IOC_EXCHANGE_RANGE operations, and pwrite against an already-mounted XFS filesystem; no victim must open a file or mount attacker-supplied media.\nS:U - The incorrect size exchange in xfs_exchmaps_init_intent and resulting CoW bypass affect files and privileges within the same host kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or other scope boundary is crossed.\nC:H - After xfs_exchmaps_clear_reflink removes XFS_DIFLAG2_REFLINK, xfs_is_cow_inode returns false and pwrite can alter a still-shared block in a readable root-owned setuid executable; its unchanged privileged metadata permits root execution and access to all host data.\nI:H - The non-CoW pwrite supplies controlled full-block contents to a physical extent still owned by a root-owned readable file, allowing arbitrary modification of protected files on the same XFS volume despite DAC.\nA:H - The same controlled shared-block overwrite can corrupt the headers or code of essential readable system binaries, libraries, or boot files on XFS, causing complete service or system failure."
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