Vulnerability-Lookup

GSD-2023-34459

Vulnerability from gsd - Updated: 2023-12-13 01:20

Details

OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. Starting in version 4.7.0 and prior to version 4.9.2, when the `verifyMultiProof`, `verifyMultiProofCalldata`, `procesprocessMultiProof`, or `processMultiProofCalldat` functions are in use, it is possible to construct merkle trees that allow forging a valid multiproof for an arbitrary set of leaves. A contract may be vulnerable if it uses multiproofs for verification and the merkle tree that is processed includes a node with value 0 at depth 1 (just under the root). This could happen inadvertedly for balanced trees with 3 leaves or less, if the leaves are not hashed. This could happen deliberately if a malicious tree builder includes such a node in the tree. A contract is not vulnerable if it uses single-leaf proving (`verify`, `verifyCalldata`, `processProof`, or `processProofCalldata`), or if it uses multiproofs with a known tree that has hashed leaves. Standard merkle trees produced or validated with the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree library are safe. The problem has been patched in version 4.9.2. Some workarounds are available. For those using multiproofs: When constructing merkle trees hash the leaves and do not insert empty nodes in your trees. Using the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree package eliminates this issue. Do not accept user-provided merkle roots without reconstructing at least the first level of the tree. Verify the merkle tree structure by reconstructing it from the leaves.

Aliases

CVE-2023-34459

Aliases

CVE-2023-34459

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "GSD": {
    "alias": "CVE-2023-34459",
    "id": "GSD-2023-34459"
  },
  "gsd": {
    "metadata": {
      "exploitCode": "unknown",
      "remediation": "unknown",
      "reportConfidence": "confirmed",
      "type": "vulnerability"
    },
    "osvSchema": {
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2023-34459"
      ],
      "details": "OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. Starting in version 4.7.0 and prior to version 4.9.2, when the `verifyMultiProof`, `verifyMultiProofCalldata`, `procesprocessMultiProof`, or `processMultiProofCalldat` functions are in use, it is possible to construct merkle trees that allow forging a valid multiproof for an arbitrary set of leaves.\n\nA contract may be vulnerable if it uses multiproofs for verification and the merkle tree that is processed includes a node with value 0 at depth 1 (just under the root). This could happen inadvertedly for balanced trees with 3 leaves or less, if the leaves are not hashed. This could happen deliberately if a malicious tree builder includes such a node in the tree.\n\nA contract is not vulnerable if it uses single-leaf proving (`verify`, `verifyCalldata`, `processProof`, or `processProofCalldata`), or if it uses multiproofs with a known tree that has hashed leaves. Standard merkle trees produced or validated with the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree library are safe.\n\nThe problem has been patched in version 4.9.2.\n\nSome workarounds are available. For those using multiproofs: When constructing merkle trees hash the leaves and do not insert empty nodes in your trees. Using the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree package eliminates this issue. Do not accept user-provided merkle roots without reconstructing at least the first level of the tree. Verify the merkle tree structure by reconstructing it from the leaves.",
      "id": "GSD-2023-34459",
      "modified": "2023-12-13T01:20:30.593743Z",
      "schema_version": "1.4.0"
    }
  },
  "namespaces": {
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      "CVE_data_meta": {
        "ASSIGNER": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "ID": "CVE-2023-34459",
        "STATE": "PUBLIC"
      },
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        "vendor": {
          "vendor_data": [
            {
              "product": {
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                  {
                    "product_name": "openzeppelin-contracts",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "version_affected": "=",
                          "version_value": "\u003e= 4.7.0, \u003c 4.9.2"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              },
              "vendor_name": "OpenZeppelin"
            }
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          }
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      },
      "impact": {
        "cvss": [
          {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "problemtype": {
        "problemtype_data": [
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              }
            ]
          }
        ]
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            "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-wprv-93r4-jj2p"
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          },
          {
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            "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.9.2"
          }
        ]
      },
      "source": {
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        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      }
    },
    "gitlab.com": {
      "advisories": [
        {
          "affected_range": "\u003e=4.7.0 \u003c4.9.2",
          "affected_versions": "All versions starting from 4.7.0 before 4.9.2",
          "cvss_v3": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
          "cwe_ids": [
            "CWE-1035",
            "CWE-354",
            "CWE-937"
          ],
          "date": "2023-06-19",
          "description": "OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. Starting in version 4.7.0 and prior to version 4.9.2, when the `verifyMultiProof`, `verifyMultiProofCalldata`, `procesprocessMultiProof`, or `processMultiProofCalldat` functions are in use, it is possible to construct merkle trees that allow forging a valid multiproof for an arbitrary set of leaves.\n\nA contract may be vulnerable if it uses multiproofs for verification and the merkle tree that is processed includes a node with value 0 at depth 1 (just under the root). This could happen inadvertedly for balanced trees with 3 leaves or less, if the leaves are not hashed. This could happen deliberately if a malicious tree builder includes such a node in the tree.\n\nA contract is not vulnerable if it uses single-leaf proving (`verify`, `verifyCalldata`, `processProof`, or `processProofCalldata`), or if it uses multiproofs with a known tree that has hashed leaves. Standard merkle trees produced or validated with the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree library are safe.\n\nThe problem has been patched in version 4.9.2.\n\nSome workarounds are available. For those using multiproofs: When constructing merkle trees hash the leaves and do not insert empty nodes in your trees. Using the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree package eliminates this issue. Do not accept user-provided merkle roots without reconstructing at least the first level of the tree. Verify the merkle tree structure by reconstructing it from the leaves.",
          "fixed_versions": [
            "4.9.2"
          ],
          "identifier": "CVE-2023-34459",
          "identifiers": [
            "GHSA-wprv-93r4-jj2p",
            "CVE-2023-34459"
          ],
          "not_impacted": "All versions before 4.7.0, all versions starting from 4.9.2",
          "package_slug": "npm/@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable",
          "pubdate": "2023-06-19",
          "solution": "Upgrade to version 4.9.2 or above.",
          "title": "Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value",
          "urls": [
            "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-wprv-93r4-jj2p",
            "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34459",
            "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/4d2383e17186be3e8ccf5a442e9686ecc7de1c55",
            "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.9.2",
            "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-wprv-93r4-jj2p"
          ],
          "uuid": "99e97dc4-0b58-4482-9b64-777e0f576fbc"
        },
        {
          "affected_range": "\u003e=4.7.0 \u003c4.9.2",
          "affected_versions": "All versions starting from 4.7.0 before 4.9.2",
          "cvss_v3": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
          "cwe_ids": [
            "CWE-1035",
            "CWE-354",
            "CWE-937"
          ],
          "date": "2023-06-26",
          "description": "OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. Starting in version 4.7.0 and prior to version 4.9.2, when the `verifyMultiProof`, `verifyMultiProofCalldata`, `procesprocessMultiProof`, or `processMultiProofCalldat` functions are in use, it is possible to construct merkle trees that allow forging a valid multiproof for an arbitrary set of leaves.\n\nA contract may be vulnerable if it uses multiproofs for verification and the merkle tree that is processed includes a node with value 0 at depth 1 (just under the root). This could happen inadvertedly for balanced trees with 3 leaves or less, if the leaves are not hashed. This could happen deliberately if a malicious tree builder includes such a node in the tree.\n\nA contract is not vulnerable if it uses single-leaf proving (`verify`, `verifyCalldata`, `processProof`, or `processProofCalldata`), or if it uses multiproofs with a known tree that has hashed leaves. Standard merkle trees produced or validated with the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree library are safe.\n\nThe problem has been patched in version 4.9.2.\n\nSome workarounds are available. For those using multiproofs: When constructing merkle trees hash the leaves and do not insert empty nodes in your trees. Using the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree package eliminates this issue. Do not accept user-provided merkle roots without reconstructing at least the first level of the tree. Verify the merkle tree structure by reconstructing it from the leaves.",
          "fixed_versions": [
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          "package_slug": "npm/@openzeppelin/contracts",
          "pubdate": "2023-06-16",
          "solution": "Upgrade to version 4.9.2 or above.",
          "title": "Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value",
          "urls": [
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            "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/4d2383e17186be3e8ccf5a442e9686ecc7de1c55",
            "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.9.2",
            "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-wprv-93r4-jj2p"
          ],
          "uuid": "ec4ca7f4-09b6-4745-81bd-c6e89d03f408"
        }
      ]
    },
    "nvd.nist.gov": {
      "configurations": {
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        "nodes": [
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
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                "cpe_name": [],
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                "versionStartIncluding": "4.7.0",
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              },
              {
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        "problemtype": {
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        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
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            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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            "version": "3.1"
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          "impactScore": 3.6
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      "lastModifiedDate": "2023-06-26T18:50Z",
      "publishedDate": "2023-06-16T23:15Z"
    }
  }
}

CVE-2023-34459 (GCVE-0-2023-34459)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-16 22:13 – Updated: 2024-12-16 18:35

Title

OpenZeppelin Contracts's MerkleProof multiproofs may allow proving arbitrary leaves for specific trees

Summary

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2024-12-16 18:35 UTC

CWE

CWE-354 - Improper Validation of Integrity Check Value

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 8053 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-cont…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-cont…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-cont…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
OpenZeppelin	openzeppelin-contracts	Affected: >= 4.7.0, < 4.9.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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        "title": "CVE Program Container"
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        "metrics": [
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                "id": "CVE-2023-34459",
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        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/4d2383e17186be3e8ccf5a442e9686ecc7de1c55",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/4d2383e17186be3e8ccf5a442e9686ecc7de1c55"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.9.2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.9.2"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-wprv-93r4-jj2p",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "OpenZeppelin Contracts\u0027s MerkleProof multiproofs may allow proving arbitrary leaves for specific trees"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-34459",
    "datePublished": "2023-06-16T22:13:18.181Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-06-06T16:16:53.559Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-12-16T18:35:27.231Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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