GSD-2017-2312

Vulnerability from gsd - Updated: 2023-12-13 01:21
Details
On Juniper Networks devices running Junos OS affected versions and with LDP enabled, a specific LDP packet destined to the RE (Routing Engine) will consume a small amount of the memory allocated for the rpd (routing protocol daemon) process. Over time, repeatedly receiving this type of LDP packet(s) will cause the memory to exhaust and the rpd process to crash and restart. It is not possible to free up the memory that has been consumed without restarting the rpd process. This issue affects Junos OS based devices with either IPv4 or IPv6 LDP enabled via the [protocols ldp] configuration (the native IPv6 support for LDP is available in Junos OS 16.1 and higher). The interface on which the packet arrives needs to have LDP enabled. The affected Junos versions are: 13.3 prior to 13.3R10; 14.1 prior to 14.1R8; 14.2 prior to 14.2R7-S6 or 14.2R8; 15.1 prior to 15.1F2-S14, 15.1F6-S4, 15.1F7, 15.1R4-S7, 15.1R5; 15.1X49 before 15.1X49-D70; 15.1X53 before 15.1X53-D230, 15.1X53-D63, 15.1X53-D70; 16.1 before 16.1R2. 16.2R1 and all subsequent releases have a resolution for this vulnerability.
Aliases
Aliases

{
  "GSD": {
    "alias": "CVE-2017-2312",
    "description": "On Juniper Networks devices running Junos OS affected versions and with LDP enabled, a specific LDP packet destined to the RE (Routing Engine) will consume a small amount of the memory allocated for the rpd (routing protocol daemon) process. Over time, repeatedly receiving this type of LDP packet(s) will cause the memory to exhaust and the rpd process to crash and restart. It is not possible to free up the memory that has been consumed without restarting the rpd process. This issue affects Junos OS based devices with either IPv4 or IPv6 LDP enabled via the [protocols ldp] configuration (the native IPv6 support for LDP is available in Junos OS 16.1 and higher). The interface on which the packet arrives needs to have LDP enabled. The affected Junos versions are: 13.3 prior to 13.3R10; 14.1 prior to 14.1R8; 14.2 prior to 14.2R7-S6 or 14.2R8; 15.1 prior to 15.1F2-S14, 15.1F6-S4, 15.1F7, 15.1R4-S7, 15.1R5; 15.1X49 before 15.1X49-D70; 15.1X53 before 15.1X53-D230, 15.1X53-D63, 15.1X53-D70; 16.1 before 16.1R2. 16.2R1 and all subsequent releases have a resolution for this vulnerability.",
    "id": "GSD-2017-2312"
  },
  "gsd": {
    "metadata": {
      "exploitCode": "unknown",
      "remediation": "unknown",
      "reportConfidence": "confirmed",
      "type": "vulnerability"
    },
    "osvSchema": {
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2017-2312"
      ],
      "details": "On Juniper Networks devices running Junos OS affected versions and with LDP enabled, a specific LDP packet destined to the RE (Routing Engine) will consume a small amount of the memory allocated for the rpd (routing protocol daemon) process. Over time, repeatedly receiving this type of LDP packet(s) will cause the memory to exhaust and the rpd process to crash and restart. It is not possible to free up the memory that has been consumed without restarting the rpd process. This issue affects Junos OS based devices with either IPv4 or IPv6 LDP enabled via the [protocols ldp] configuration (the native IPv6 support for LDP is available in Junos OS 16.1 and higher). The interface on which the packet arrives needs to have LDP enabled. The affected Junos versions are: 13.3 prior to 13.3R10; 14.1 prior to 14.1R8; 14.2 prior to 14.2R7-S6 or 14.2R8; 15.1 prior to 15.1F2-S14, 15.1F6-S4, 15.1F7, 15.1R4-S7, 15.1R5; 15.1X49 before 15.1X49-D70; 15.1X53 before 15.1X53-D230, 15.1X53-D63, 15.1X53-D70; 16.1 before 16.1R2. 16.2R1 and all subsequent releases have a resolution for this vulnerability.",
      "id": "GSD-2017-2312",
      "modified": "2023-12-13T01:21:06.056978Z",
      "schema_version": "1.4.0"
    }
  },
  "namespaces": {
    "cve.org": {
      "CVE_data_meta": {
        "ASSIGNER": "sirt@juniper.net",
        "ID": "CVE-2017-2312",
        "STATE": "PUBLIC"
      },
      "affects": {
        "vendor": {
          "vendor_data": [
            {
              "product": {
                "product_data": [
                  {
                    "product_name": "Junos OS with LDP enabled",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "version_value": "13.3 prior to 13.3R10"
                        },
                        {
                          "version_value": "14.1 prior to 14.1R8"
                        },
                        {
                          "version_value": "14.2 prior to 14.2R7-S6 or 14.2R8"
                        },
                        {
                          "version_value": "15.1 prior to 15.1F2-S14, 15.1F6-S4, 15.1F7, 15.1R4-S7, 15.1R5"
                        },
                        {
                          "version_value": "15.1X49 before 15.1X49-D70"
                        },
                        {
                          "version_value": "15.1X53 before 15.1X53-D230, 15.1X53-D63, 15.1X53-D70"
                        },
                        {
                          "version_value": "16.1 before 16.1R2"
                        },
                        {
                          "version_value": "16.2R1 and all subsequent releases have a resolution for this vulnerability"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              },
              "vendor_name": "Juniper Networks"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "data_format": "MITRE",
      "data_type": "CVE",
      "data_version": "4.0",
      "description": {
        "description_data": [
          {
            "lang": "eng",
            "value": "On Juniper Networks devices running Junos OS affected versions and with LDP enabled, a specific LDP packet destined to the RE (Routing Engine) will consume a small amount of the memory allocated for the rpd (routing protocol daemon) process. Over time, repeatedly receiving this type of LDP packet(s) will cause the memory to exhaust and the rpd process to crash and restart. It is not possible to free up the memory that has been consumed without restarting the rpd process. This issue affects Junos OS based devices with either IPv4 or IPv6 LDP enabled via the [protocols ldp] configuration (the native IPv6 support for LDP is available in Junos OS 16.1 and higher). The interface on which the packet arrives needs to have LDP enabled. The affected Junos versions are: 13.3 prior to 13.3R10; 14.1 prior to 14.1R8; 14.2 prior to 14.2R7-S6 or 14.2R8; 15.1 prior to 15.1F2-S14, 15.1F6-S4, 15.1F7, 15.1R4-S7, 15.1R5; 15.1X49 before 15.1X49-D70; 15.1X53 before 15.1X53-D230, 15.1X53-D63, 15.1X53-D70; 16.1 before 16.1R2. 16.2R1 and all subsequent releases have a resolution for this vulnerability."
          }
        ]
      },
      "problemtype": {
        "problemtype_data": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "eng",
                "value": "denial of service vulnerability due to memory leak"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "references": {
        "reference_data": [
          {
            "name": "97611",
            "refsource": "BID",
            "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97611"
          },
          {
            "name": "1038252",
            "refsource": "SECTRACK",
            "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038252"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA10777",
            "refsource": "CONFIRM",
            "url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA10777"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "nvd.nist.gov": {
      "configurations": {
        "CVE_data_version": "4.0",
        "nodes": [
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:13.3:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:13.3:r4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:13.3:r5:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:13.3:r6:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:13.3:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:13.3:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:13.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:13.3:r7:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:13.3:r8:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:13.3:r9:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "operator": "OR"
          },
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.1:r5:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.1:r6:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.1:r7:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.1:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.1:r4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.1:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.1:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "operator": "OR"
          },
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.2:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.2:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.2:r5:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.2:r4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.2:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:14.2:r6:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "operator": "OR"
          },
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x53:d60:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x53:d61:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x49:d45:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x49:d50:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:f2-s3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:f3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x53:d10:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x49:d10:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x53:d20:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x53:d21:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x53:d62:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x53:d210:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x49:d60:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x49:d65:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:f4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:f5:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x53:d33:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x53:d34:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x49:d35:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x49:d40:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:f2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:f2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:f2-s4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:f6:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x53:d30:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x53:d32:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x49:d20:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1x49:d30:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:r4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:f2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:15.1:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "operator": "OR"
          },
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:16.1:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "operator": "OR"
          }
        ]
      },
      "cve": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "sirt@juniper.net",
          "ID": "CVE-2017-2312"
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "On Juniper Networks devices running Junos OS affected versions and with LDP enabled, a specific LDP packet destined to the RE (Routing Engine) will consume a small amount of the memory allocated for the rpd (routing protocol daemon) process. Over time, repeatedly receiving this type of LDP packet(s) will cause the memory to exhaust and the rpd process to crash and restart. It is not possible to free up the memory that has been consumed without restarting the rpd process. This issue affects Junos OS based devices with either IPv4 or IPv6 LDP enabled via the [protocols ldp] configuration (the native IPv6 support for LDP is available in Junos OS 16.1 and higher). The interface on which the packet arrives needs to have LDP enabled. The affected Junos versions are: 13.3 prior to 13.3R10; 14.1 prior to 14.1R8; 14.2 prior to 14.2R7-S6 or 14.2R8; 15.1 prior to 15.1F2-S14, 15.1F6-S4, 15.1F7, 15.1R4-S7, 15.1R5; 15.1X49 before 15.1X49-D70; 15.1X53 before 15.1X53-D230, 15.1X53-D63, 15.1X53-D70; 16.1 before 16.1R2. 16.2R1 and all subsequent releases have a resolution for this vulnerability."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "CWE-772"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA10777",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "tags": [
                "Mitigation",
                "Vendor Advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA10777"
            },
            {
              "name": "97611",
              "refsource": "BID",
              "tags": [
                "Third Party Advisory",
                "VDB Entry"
              ],
              "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97611"
            },
            {
              "name": "1038252",
              "refsource": "SECTRACK",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038252"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "impact": {
        "baseMetricV2": {
          "cvssV2": {
            "accessComplexity": "LOW",
            "accessVector": "NETWORK",
            "authentication": "SINGLE",
            "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE",
            "baseScore": 6.8,
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:C",
            "version": "2.0"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 8.0,
          "impactScore": 6.9,
          "obtainAllPrivilege": false,
          "obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
          "obtainUserPrivilege": false,
          "severity": "MEDIUM",
          "userInteractionRequired": false
        },
        "baseMetricV3": {
          "cvssV3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.0"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
          "impactScore": 3.6
        }
      },
      "lastModifiedDate": "2019-10-03T00:03Z",
      "publishedDate": "2017-04-24T15:59Z"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Events included in the timeline

Loading timeline…


    Loading…

    Loading…

    Loading…

    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.