Vulnerability-Lookup

GSD-2015-3226

Vulnerability from gsd - Updated: 2015-06-16 00:00

Details

When a `Hash` containing user-controlled data is encode as JSON (either through `Hash#to_json` or `ActiveSupport::JSON.encode`), Rails does not perform adequate escaping that matches the guarantee implied by the `escape_html_entities_in_json` option (which is enabled by default). If this resulting JSON string is subsequently inserted directly into an HTML page, the page will be vulnerable to XSS attacks. For example, the following code snippet is vulnerable to this attack: <%= javascript_tag "var data = #{user_supplied_data.to_json};" %> Similarly, the following is also vulnerable: <script> var data = <%= ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(user_supplied_data).html_safe %>; </script> All applications that renders JSON-encoded strings that contains user-controlled data in their views should either upgrade to one of the FIXED versions or use the suggested workaround immediately. Workarounds ----------- To work around this problem add an initializer with the following code: module ActiveSupport module JSON module Encoding private class EscapedString def to_s self end end end end end

Aliases

CVE-2015-3226

JSON

To clipboard

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    "alias": "CVE-2015-3226",
    "description": "Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in json/encoding.rb in Active Support in Ruby on Rails 3.x and 4.1.x before 4.1.11 and 4.2.x before 4.2.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted Hash that is mishandled during JSON encoding.",
    "id": "GSD-2015-3226",
    "references": [
      "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2015-3226.html",
      "https://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3464"
    ]
  },
  "gsd": {
    "metadata": {
      "exploitCode": "unknown",
      "remediation": "unknown",
      "reportConfidence": "confirmed",
      "type": "vulnerability"
    },
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          "package": {
            "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
            "name": "activesupport",
            "purl": "pkg:gem/activesupport"
          }
        }
      ],
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        "CVE-2015-3226",
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      "details": "When a `Hash` containing user-controlled data is encode as JSON (either through\n`Hash#to_json` or `ActiveSupport::JSON.encode`), Rails does not perform adequate\nescaping that matches the guarantee implied by the `escape_html_entities_in_json`\noption (which is enabled by default). If this resulting JSON string is subsequently\ninserted directly into an HTML page, the page will be vulnerable to XSS attacks.\n\nFor example, the following code snippet is vulnerable to this attack:\n\n    \u003c%= javascript_tag \"var data = #{user_supplied_data.to_json};\" %\u003e\n\nSimilarly, the following is also vulnerable:\n\n    \u003cscript\u003e\n      var data = \u003c%= ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(user_supplied_data).html_safe %\u003e;\n    \u003c/script\u003e\n\nAll applications that renders JSON-encoded strings that contains user-controlled\ndata in their views should either upgrade to one of the FIXED versions or use\nthe suggested workaround immediately.\n\nWorkarounds\n-----------\nTo work around this problem add an initializer with the following code:\n\n  module ActiveSupport\n    module JSON\n      module Encoding\n        private\n        class EscapedString\n          def to_s\n            self\n          end\n        end\n      end\n    end\n  end\n",
      "id": "GSD-2015-3226",
      "modified": "2015-06-16T00:00:00.000Z",
      "published": "2015-06-16T00:00:00.000Z",
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      "description": "When a `Hash` containing user-controlled data is encode as JSON (either through\n`Hash#to_json` or `ActiveSupport::JSON.encode`), Rails does not perform adequate\nescaping that matches the guarantee implied by the `escape_html_entities_in_json`\noption (which is enabled by default). If this resulting JSON string is subsequently\ninserted directly into an HTML page, the page will be vulnerable to XSS attacks.\n\nFor example, the following code snippet is vulnerable to this attack:\n\n    \u003c%= javascript_tag \"var data = #{user_supplied_data.to_json};\" %\u003e\n\nSimilarly, the following is also vulnerable:\n\n    \u003cscript\u003e\n      var data = \u003c%= ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(user_supplied_data).html_safe %\u003e;\n    \u003c/script\u003e\n\nAll applications that renders JSON-encoded strings that contains user-controlled\ndata in their views should either upgrade to one of the FIXED versions or use\nthe suggested workaround immediately.\n\nWorkarounds\n-----------\nTo work around this problem add an initializer with the following code:\n\n  module ActiveSupport\n    module JSON\n      module Encoding\n        private\n        class EscapedString\n          def to_s\n            self\n          end\n        end\n      end\n    end\n  end\n",
      "framework": "rails",
      "gem": "activesupport",
      "ghsa": "vxvp-4xwc-jpp6",
      "patched_versions": [
        "\u003e= 4.2.2",
        "~\u003e 4.1.11"
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      "title": "XSS Vulnerability in ActiveSupport::JSON.encode",
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      "url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/ruby-security-ann/7VlB_pck3hU"
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          "affected_range": "\u003e=4.1.0a \u003c4.1.11||\u003e=4.2.0a \u003c4.2.2",
          "affected_versions": "All versions starting from 4.1.0a before 4.1.11, all versions starting from 4.2.0a before 4.2.2",
          "credit": "Francois Chagnon of Shopify",
          "cvss_v2": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N",
          "cwe_ids": [
            "CWE-1035",
            "CWE-79",
            "CWE-937"
          ],
          "date": "2019-08-08",
          "description": "When a `Hash` containing user-controlled data is encoded as JSON (either through `Hash#to_json` or `ActiveSupport::JSON.encode`), Rails does not perform adequate escaping that matches the guarantee implied by the `escape_html_entities_in_json` option (which is enabled by default). If this resulting JSON string is subsequently inserted directly into an HTML page, the page will be vulnerable to XSS attacks.",
          "fixed_versions": [
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            "4.2.2"
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          "identifier": "CVE-2015-3226",
          "identifiers": [
            "CVE-2015-3226"
          ],
          "not_impacted": "3.x and 4.0.x",
          "package_slug": "gem/activesupport",
          "pubdate": "2015-07-26",
          "solution": "Upgrade to latest, apply patch or use workaround; see provided link.",
          "title": "XSS Vulnerability in ActiveSupport::JSON.encode",
          "urls": [
            "https://groups.google.com/forum/#!searchin/rubyonrails-core/CVE-2015-3226/rubyonrails-core/qBUqVlXERag/kuH3wQk1kxUJ",
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            "accessVector": "NETWORK",
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}

CVE-2015-3226 (GCVE-0-2015-3226)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2015-07-26 22:00 – Updated: 2024-08-06 05:39

Summary

Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in json/encoding.rb in Active Support in Ruby on Rails 3.x and 4.1.x before 4.1.11 and 4.2.x before 4.2.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted Hash that is mishandled during JSON encoding.

Severity

No CVSS data available.

CWE

Assigner

redhat CNA under the redhat root

CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 1131 records in the last 180 days details

References

5 references

URL	Tags
http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1033755	vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACK
https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=r…	mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/75231	vdb-entryx_refsource_BID
http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/06/16/17	mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3464	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIAN

Date Public

2015-06-16 00:00

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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GHSA-VXVP-4XWC-JPP6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2017-10-24 18:33 – Updated: 2025-11-04 20:42

Summary

activesupport Cross-site Scripting vulnerability

Details

Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in json/encoding.rb in Active Support in Ruby on Rails 4.1.x before 4.1.11 and 4.2.x before 4.2.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted Hash that is mishandled during JSON encoding.

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "activesupport"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "activesupport"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-3226"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:59:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-07-26T22:59:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in `json/encoding.rb` in Active Support in Ruby on Rails 4.1.x before 4.1.11 and 4.2.x before 4.2.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted Hash that is mishandled during JSON encoding.",
  "id": "GHSA-vxvp-4xwc-jpp6",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T20:42:18Z",
  "published": "2017-10-24T18:33:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3226"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rails/rails"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=rubyonrails-security/7VlB_pck3hU/3QZrGIaQW6cJ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/rubyonrails-core/c/qBUqVlXERag/m/kuH3wQk1kxUJ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200228033946/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/75231"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200517005133/http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1033755"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/06/16/17"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3464"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "activesupport Cross-site Scripting vulnerability"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

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How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

GSD-2015-3226

CVE-2015-3226 (GCVE-0-2015-3226)

GHSA-VXVP-4XWC-JPP6

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Vulnerability timeline

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