GHSA-WP4J-4PCV-WWF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-27 03:33 – Updated: 2025-10-23 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: do proper folio cleanup when run_delalloc_nocow() failed
[BUG] With CONFIG_DEBUG_VM set, test case generic/476 has some chance to crash with the following VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO():
BTRFS error (device dm-3): cow_file_range failed, start 1146880 end 1253375 len 106496 ret -28 BTRFS error (device dm-3): run_delalloc_nocow failed, start 1146880 end 1253375 len 106496 ret -28 page: refcount:4 mapcount:0 mapping:00000000592787cc index:0x12 pfn:0x10664 aops:btrfs_aops [btrfs] ino:101 dentry name(?):"f1774" flags: 0x2fffff80004028(uptodate|lru|private|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0xfffff) page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio)) ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at mm/page-writeback.c:2992! Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1] SMP CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 3943513 Comm: kworker/u24:15 Tainted: G OE 6.12.0-rc7-custom+ #87 Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE Hardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS unknown 2/2/2022 Workqueue: events_unbound btrfs_async_reclaim_data_space [btrfs] pc : folio_clear_dirty_for_io+0x128/0x258 lr : folio_clear_dirty_for_io+0x128/0x258 Call trace: folio_clear_dirty_for_io+0x128/0x258 btrfs_folio_clamp_clear_dirty+0x80/0xd0 [btrfs] __process_folios_contig+0x154/0x268 [btrfs] extent_clear_unlock_delalloc+0x5c/0x80 [btrfs] run_delalloc_nocow+0x5f8/0x760 [btrfs] btrfs_run_delalloc_range+0xa8/0x220 [btrfs] writepage_delalloc+0x230/0x4c8 [btrfs] extent_writepage+0xb8/0x358 [btrfs] extent_write_cache_pages+0x21c/0x4e8 [btrfs] btrfs_writepages+0x94/0x150 [btrfs] do_writepages+0x74/0x190 filemap_fdatawrite_wbc+0x88/0xc8 start_delalloc_inodes+0x178/0x3a8 [btrfs] btrfs_start_delalloc_roots+0x174/0x280 [btrfs] shrink_delalloc+0x114/0x280 [btrfs] flush_space+0x250/0x2f8 [btrfs] btrfs_async_reclaim_data_space+0x180/0x228 [btrfs] process_one_work+0x164/0x408 worker_thread+0x25c/0x388 kthread+0x100/0x118 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 Code: 910a8021 a90363f7 a9046bf9 94012379 (d4210000) ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
[CAUSE] The first two lines of extra debug messages show the problem is caused by the error handling of run_delalloc_nocow().
E.g. we have the following dirtied range (4K blocksize 4K page size):
0 16K 32K
|//////////////////////////////////////|
| Pre-allocated |
And the range [0, 16K) has a preallocated extent.
-
Enter run_delalloc_nocow() for range [0, 16K) Which found range [0, 16K) is preallocated, can do the proper NOCOW write.
-
Enter fallback_to_fow() for range [16K, 32K) Since the range [16K, 32K) is not backed by preallocated extent, we have to go COW.
-
cow_file_range() failed for range [16K, 32K) So cow_file_range() will do the clean up by clearing folio dirty, unlock the folios.
Now the folios in range [16K, 32K) is unlocked.
- Enter extent_clear_unlock_delalloc() from run_delalloc_nocow() Which is called with PAGE_START_WRITEBACK to start page writeback. But folios can only be marked writeback when it's properly locked, thus this triggered the VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO().
Furthermore there is another hidden but common bug that run_delalloc_nocow() is not clearing the folio dirty flags in its error handling path. This is the common bug shared between run_delalloc_nocow() and cow_file_range().
[FIX] - Clear folio dirty for range [@start, @cur_offset) Introduce a helper, cleanup_dirty_folios(), which will find and lock the folio in the range, clear the dirty flag and start/end the writeback, with the extra handling for the @locked_folio.
-
Introduce a helper to clear folio dirty, start and end writeback
-
Introduce a helper to record the last failed COW range end This is to trace which range we should skip, to avoid double unlocking.
-
Skip the failed COW range for the e ---truncated---
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-57975"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-459"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-27T02:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: do proper folio cleanup when run_delalloc_nocow() failed\n\n[BUG]\nWith CONFIG_DEBUG_VM set, test case generic/476 has some chance to crash\nwith the following VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO():\n\n BTRFS error (device dm-3): cow_file_range failed, start 1146880 end 1253375 len 106496 ret -28\n BTRFS error (device dm-3): run_delalloc_nocow failed, start 1146880 end 1253375 len 106496 ret -28\n page: refcount:4 mapcount:0 mapping:00000000592787cc index:0x12 pfn:0x10664\n aops:btrfs_aops [btrfs] ino:101 dentry name(?):\"f1774\"\n flags: 0x2fffff80004028(uptodate|lru|private|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0xfffff)\n page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio))\n ------------[ cut here ]------------\n kernel BUG at mm/page-writeback.c:2992!\n Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1] SMP\n CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 3943513 Comm: kworker/u24:15 Tainted: G OE 6.12.0-rc7-custom+ #87\n Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE\n Hardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS unknown 2/2/2022\n Workqueue: events_unbound btrfs_async_reclaim_data_space [btrfs]\n pc : folio_clear_dirty_for_io+0x128/0x258\n lr : folio_clear_dirty_for_io+0x128/0x258\n Call trace:\n folio_clear_dirty_for_io+0x128/0x258\n btrfs_folio_clamp_clear_dirty+0x80/0xd0 [btrfs]\n __process_folios_contig+0x154/0x268 [btrfs]\n extent_clear_unlock_delalloc+0x5c/0x80 [btrfs]\n run_delalloc_nocow+0x5f8/0x760 [btrfs]\n btrfs_run_delalloc_range+0xa8/0x220 [btrfs]\n writepage_delalloc+0x230/0x4c8 [btrfs]\n extent_writepage+0xb8/0x358 [btrfs]\n extent_write_cache_pages+0x21c/0x4e8 [btrfs]\n btrfs_writepages+0x94/0x150 [btrfs]\n do_writepages+0x74/0x190\n filemap_fdatawrite_wbc+0x88/0xc8\n start_delalloc_inodes+0x178/0x3a8 [btrfs]\n btrfs_start_delalloc_roots+0x174/0x280 [btrfs]\n shrink_delalloc+0x114/0x280 [btrfs]\n flush_space+0x250/0x2f8 [btrfs]\n btrfs_async_reclaim_data_space+0x180/0x228 [btrfs]\n process_one_work+0x164/0x408\n worker_thread+0x25c/0x388\n kthread+0x100/0x118\n ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20\n Code: 910a8021 a90363f7 a9046bf9 94012379 (d4210000)\n ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n\n[CAUSE]\nThe first two lines of extra debug messages show the problem is caused\nby the error handling of run_delalloc_nocow().\n\nE.g. we have the following dirtied range (4K blocksize 4K page size):\n\n 0 16K 32K\n |//////////////////////////////////////|\n | Pre-allocated |\n\nAnd the range [0, 16K) has a preallocated extent.\n\n- Enter run_delalloc_nocow() for range [0, 16K)\n Which found range [0, 16K) is preallocated, can do the proper NOCOW\n write.\n\n- Enter fallback_to_fow() for range [16K, 32K)\n Since the range [16K, 32K) is not backed by preallocated extent, we\n have to go COW.\n\n- cow_file_range() failed for range [16K, 32K)\n So cow_file_range() will do the clean up by clearing folio dirty,\n unlock the folios.\n\n Now the folios in range [16K, 32K) is unlocked.\n\n- Enter extent_clear_unlock_delalloc() from run_delalloc_nocow()\n Which is called with PAGE_START_WRITEBACK to start page writeback.\n But folios can only be marked writeback when it\u0027s properly locked,\n thus this triggered the VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO().\n\nFurthermore there is another hidden but common bug that\nrun_delalloc_nocow() is not clearing the folio dirty flags in its error\nhandling path.\nThis is the common bug shared between run_delalloc_nocow() and\ncow_file_range().\n\n[FIX]\n- Clear folio dirty for range [@start, @cur_offset)\n Introduce a helper, cleanup_dirty_folios(), which\n will find and lock the folio in the range, clear the dirty flag and\n start/end the writeback, with the extra handling for the\n @locked_folio.\n\n- Introduce a helper to clear folio dirty, start and end writeback\n\n- Introduce a helper to record the last failed COW range end\n This is to trace which range we should skip, to avoid double\n unlocking.\n\n- Skip the failed COW range for the e\n---truncated---",
"id": "GHSA-wp4j-4pcv-wwf5",
"modified": "2025-10-23T18:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-02-27T03:33:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57975"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2434533f1c963e7317c45880c98287e5bed98325"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5ae72abbf91eb172ce3a838a4dc34be3c9707296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c2b47df81c8e20a8e8cd94f0d7df211137ae94ed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.