Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-WCCJ-RQRC-G885

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-27 15:31 – Updated: 2025-01-14 18:31

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

binder: fix node UAF in binder_add_freeze_work()

In binder_add_freeze_work() we iterate over the proc->nodes with the proc->inner_lock held. However, this lock is temporarily dropped in order to acquire the node->lock first (lock nesting order). This can race with binder_node_release() and trigger a use-after-free:

================================================================== BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in _raw_spin_lock+0xe4/0x19c Write of size 4 at addr ffff53c04c29dd04 by task freeze/640

CPU: 5 UID: 0 PID: 640 Comm: freeze Not tainted 6.11.0-07343-ga727812a8d45 #17 Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) Call trace: _raw_spin_lock+0xe4/0x19c binder_add_freeze_work+0x148/0x478 binder_ioctl+0x1e70/0x25ac __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190

Allocated by task 637: __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x12c/0x27c binder_new_node+0x50/0x700 binder_transaction+0x35ac/0x6f74 binder_thread_write+0xfb8/0x42a0 binder_ioctl+0x18f0/0x25ac __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190

Freed by task 637: kfree+0xf0/0x330 binder_thread_read+0x1e88/0x3a68 binder_ioctl+0x16d8/0x25ac __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190 ==================================================================

Fix the race by taking a temporary reference on the node before releasing the proc->inner lock. This ensures the node remains alive while in use.

Severity

7.0 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-56556"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362",
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-27T15:15:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbinder: fix node UAF in binder_add_freeze_work()\n\nIn binder_add_freeze_work() we iterate over the proc-\u003enodes with the\nproc-\u003einner_lock held. However, this lock is temporarily dropped in\norder to acquire the node-\u003elock first (lock nesting order). This can\nrace with binder_node_release() and trigger a use-after-free:\n\n  ==================================================================\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in _raw_spin_lock+0xe4/0x19c\n  Write of size 4 at addr ffff53c04c29dd04 by task freeze/640\n\n  CPU: 5 UID: 0 PID: 640 Comm: freeze Not tainted 6.11.0-07343-ga727812a8d45 #17\n  Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)\n  Call trace:\n   _raw_spin_lock+0xe4/0x19c\n   binder_add_freeze_work+0x148/0x478\n   binder_ioctl+0x1e70/0x25ac\n   __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190\n\n  Allocated by task 637:\n   __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x12c/0x27c\n   binder_new_node+0x50/0x700\n   binder_transaction+0x35ac/0x6f74\n   binder_thread_write+0xfb8/0x42a0\n   binder_ioctl+0x18f0/0x25ac\n   __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190\n\n  Freed by task 637:\n   kfree+0xf0/0x330\n   binder_thread_read+0x1e88/0x3a68\n   binder_ioctl+0x16d8/0x25ac\n   __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190\n  ==================================================================\n\nFix the race by taking a temporary reference on the node before\nreleasing the proc-\u003einner lock. This ensures the node remains alive\nwhile in use.",
  "id": "GHSA-wccj-rqrc-g885",
  "modified": "2025-01-14T18:31:54Z",
  "published": "2024-12-27T15:31:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56556"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/38fbefeb2c140b581ed7de8117a5c90d6dd89c22"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc8aea47b928cc153b591b3558829ce42f685074"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2024-56556 (GCVE-0-2024-56556)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-27 14:23 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:45

Title

binder: fix node UAF in binder_add_freeze_work()

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: binder: fix node UAF in binder_add_freeze_work() In binder_add_freeze_work() we iterate over the proc->nodes with the proc->inner_lock held. However, this lock is temporarily dropped in order to acquire the node->lock first (lock nesting order). This can race with binder_node_release() and trigger a use-after-free: ================================================================== BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in _raw_spin_lock+0xe4/0x19c Write of size 4 at addr ffff53c04c29dd04 by task freeze/640 CPU: 5 UID: 0 PID: 640 Comm: freeze Not tainted 6.11.0-07343-ga727812a8d45 #17 Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) Call trace: _raw_spin_lock+0xe4/0x19c binder_add_freeze_work+0x148/0x478 binder_ioctl+0x1e70/0x25ac __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190 Allocated by task 637: __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x12c/0x27c binder_new_node+0x50/0x700 binder_transaction+0x35ac/0x6f74 binder_thread_write+0xfb8/0x42a0 binder_ioctl+0x18f0/0x25ac __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190 Freed by task 637: kfree+0xf0/0x330 binder_thread_read+0x1e88/0x3a68 binder_ioctl+0x16d8/0x25ac __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190 ================================================================== Fix the race by taking a temporary reference on the node before releasing the proc->inner lock. This ensures the node remains alive while in use.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-02-10 17:12 UTC

CWE

CWE-416 - Use After Free

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6643 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/38fbefeb2c140b581…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc8aea47b928cc153…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: d579b04a52a183db47dfcb7a44304d7747d551e1 , < 38fbefeb2c140b581ed7de8117a5c90d6dd89c22 (git) Affected: d579b04a52a183db47dfcb7a44304d7747d551e1 , < dc8aea47b928cc153b591b3558829ce42f685074 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.12 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.12 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.4 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "LOCAL",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 7.8,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-56556",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
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                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-02-10T17:12:44.371493Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
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                "description": "CWE-416 Use After Free",
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              }
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        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-02-10T17:21:08.457Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/android/binder.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "lessThan": "38fbefeb2c140b581ed7de8117a5c90d6dd89c22",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d579b04a52a183db47dfcb7a44304d7747d551e1",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "dc8aea47b928cc153b591b3558829ce42f685074",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d579b04a52a183db47dfcb7a44304d7747d551e1",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
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        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/android/binder.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.12"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.12",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.13",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.12",
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                },
                {
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                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
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              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbinder: fix node UAF in binder_add_freeze_work()\n\nIn binder_add_freeze_work() we iterate over the proc-\u003enodes with the\nproc-\u003einner_lock held. However, this lock is temporarily dropped in\norder to acquire the node-\u003elock first (lock nesting order). This can\nrace with binder_node_release() and trigger a use-after-free:\n\n  ==================================================================\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in _raw_spin_lock+0xe4/0x19c\n  Write of size 4 at addr ffff53c04c29dd04 by task freeze/640\n\n  CPU: 5 UID: 0 PID: 640 Comm: freeze Not tainted 6.11.0-07343-ga727812a8d45 #17\n  Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)\n  Call trace:\n   _raw_spin_lock+0xe4/0x19c\n   binder_add_freeze_work+0x148/0x478\n   binder_ioctl+0x1e70/0x25ac\n   __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190\n\n  Allocated by task 637:\n   __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x12c/0x27c\n   binder_new_node+0x50/0x700\n   binder_transaction+0x35ac/0x6f74\n   binder_thread_write+0xfb8/0x42a0\n   binder_ioctl+0x18f0/0x25ac\n   __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190\n\n  Freed by task 637:\n   kfree+0xf0/0x330\n   binder_thread_read+0x1e88/0x3a68\n   binder_ioctl+0x16d8/0x25ac\n   __arm64_sys_ioctl+0x124/0x190\n  ==================================================================\n\nFix the race by taking a temporary reference on the node before\nreleasing the proc-\u003einner lock. This ensures the node remains alive\nwhile in use."
        }
      ],
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        {
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            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached only through the BINDER_FREEZE ioctl on a local binder device file (/dev/binder or binderfs); it is a local IPC driver with no network exposure.\nAC:L - This is a race the attacker fully controls \u2014 one thread issues BINDER_FREEZE while other attacker threads free the target node in the unlocked window; it is retryable and sprayable so success is reliable.\nPR:L - BINDER_FREEZE has no capability check; any unprivileged local process with an open binder fd (e.g. any Android app) can reach the code, requiring only basic user access.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers both the freeze operation and the racing node free entirely from its own threads/processes with no victim action required.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel slab memory within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; there is no crossing of a VM/IOMMU boundary.\nC:H - A use-after-free on the binder_node object lets the attacker reallocate and control the freed slab contents, enabling arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The UAF provides a write into freed memory that, via heap spraying, yields an arbitrary-write primitive suitable for control-flow hijacking and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The use-after-free reliably corrupts kernel memory and causes kernel panic/oops, resulting in full loss of availability."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:45:03.890Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/38fbefeb2c140b581ed7de8117a5c90d6dd89c22"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc8aea47b928cc153b591b3558829ce42f685074"
        }
      ],
      "title": "binder: fix node UAF in binder_add_freeze_work()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-56556",
    "datePublished": "2024-12-27T14:23:02.556Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-27T14:03:05.991Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:45:03.890Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

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