Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-F6X4-FWP3-VV23

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-16 15:34 – Updated: 2025-10-31 21:30

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net: decrease cached dst counters in dst_release

Upstream fix ac888d58869b ("net: do not delay dst_entries_add() in dst_release()") moved decrementing the dst count from dst_destroy to dst_release to avoid accessing already freed data in case of netns dismantle. However in case CONFIG_DST_CACHE is enabled and OvS+tunnels are used, this fix is incomplete as the same issue will be seen for cached dsts:

Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff5aabf6b5c000 Call trace: percpu_counter_add_batch+0x3c/0x160 (P) dst_release+0xec/0x108 dst_cache_destroy+0x68/0xd8 dst_destroy+0x13c/0x168 dst_destroy_rcu+0x1c/0xb0 rcu_do_batch+0x18c/0x7d0 rcu_core+0x174/0x378 rcu_core_si+0x18/0x30

Fix this by invalidating the cache, and thus decrementing cached dst counters, in dst_release too.

Severity

5.5 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-22057"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-16T15:15:59Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: decrease cached dst counters in dst_release\n\nUpstream fix ac888d58869b (\"net: do not delay dst_entries_add() in\ndst_release()\") moved decrementing the dst count from dst_destroy to\ndst_release to avoid accessing already freed data in case of netns\ndismantle. However in case CONFIG_DST_CACHE is enabled and OvS+tunnels\nare used, this fix is incomplete as the same issue will be seen for\ncached dsts:\n\n  Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff5aabf6b5c000\n  Call trace:\n   percpu_counter_add_batch+0x3c/0x160 (P)\n   dst_release+0xec/0x108\n   dst_cache_destroy+0x68/0xd8\n   dst_destroy+0x13c/0x168\n   dst_destroy_rcu+0x1c/0xb0\n   rcu_do_batch+0x18c/0x7d0\n   rcu_core+0x174/0x378\n   rcu_core_si+0x18/0x30\n\nFix this by invalidating the cache, and thus decrementing cached dst\ncounters, in dst_release too.",
  "id": "GHSA-f6x4-fwp3-vv23",
  "modified": "2025-10-31T21:30:54Z",
  "published": "2025-04-16T15:34:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22057"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a0a3ff6593d670af2451ec363ccb7b18aec0c0a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/836415a8405c9665ae55352fc5ba865c242f5e4f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92a5c18513117be69bc00419dd1724c1940f8fcd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ccc331fd5bcae131d2627d5ef099d4a1f6540aea"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e833e7ad64eb2f63867f65303be49ca30ee8819e"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-22057 (GCVE-0-2025-22057)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 14:12 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:56

Title

net: decrease cached dst counters in dst_release

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: decrease cached dst counters in dst_release Upstream fix ac888d58869b ("net: do not delay dst_entries_add() in dst_release()") moved decrementing the dst count from dst_destroy to dst_release to avoid accessing already freed data in case of netns dismantle. However in case CONFIG_DST_CACHE is enabled and OvS+tunnels are used, this fix is incomplete as the same issue will be seen for cached dsts: Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff5aabf6b5c000 Call trace: percpu_counter_add_batch+0x3c/0x160 (P) dst_release+0xec/0x108 dst_cache_destroy+0x68/0xd8 dst_destroy+0x13c/0x168 dst_destroy_rcu+0x1c/0xb0 rcu_do_batch+0x18c/0x7d0 rcu_core+0x174/0x378 rcu_core_si+0x18/0x30 Fix this by invalidating the cache, and thus decrementing cached dst counters, in dst_release too.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ccc331fd5bcae131d…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92a5c18513117be69…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/836415a8405c9665a…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e833e7ad64eb2f638…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a0a3ff6593d670af…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: d71785ffc7e7cae3fbdc4ea8a9d05b7a1c59f7b8 , < ccc331fd5bcae131d2627d5ef099d4a1f6540aea (git) Affected: d71785ffc7e7cae3fbdc4ea8a9d05b7a1c59f7b8 , < 92a5c18513117be69bc00419dd1724c1940f8fcd (git) Affected: d71785ffc7e7cae3fbdc4ea8a9d05b7a1c59f7b8 , < 836415a8405c9665ae55352fc5ba865c242f5e4f (git) Affected: d71785ffc7e7cae3fbdc4ea8a9d05b7a1c59f7b8 , < e833e7ad64eb2f63867f65303be49ca30ee8819e (git) Affected: d71785ffc7e7cae3fbdc4ea8a9d05b7a1c59f7b8 , < 3a0a3ff6593d670af2451ec363ccb7b18aec0c0a (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 4.6 Unaffected: 0 , < 4.6 (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.87 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.23 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.11 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.2 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/core/dst.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "ccc331fd5bcae131d2627d5ef099d4a1f6540aea",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d71785ffc7e7cae3fbdc4ea8a9d05b7a1c59f7b8",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "92a5c18513117be69bc00419dd1724c1940f8fcd",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d71785ffc7e7cae3fbdc4ea8a9d05b7a1c59f7b8",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "836415a8405c9665ae55352fc5ba865c242f5e4f",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d71785ffc7e7cae3fbdc4ea8a9d05b7a1c59f7b8",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "e833e7ad64eb2f63867f65303be49ca30ee8819e",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d71785ffc7e7cae3fbdc4ea8a9d05b7a1c59f7b8",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3a0a3ff6593d670af2451ec363ccb7b18aec0c0a",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d71785ffc7e7cae3fbdc4ea8a9d05b7a1c59f7b8",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/core/dst.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.6"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.6",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.87",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.23",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.13.11",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.14.2",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.87",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.6",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.23",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.6",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.13.11",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.6",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.6",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.6",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: decrease cached dst counters in dst_release\n\nUpstream fix ac888d58869b (\"net: do not delay dst_entries_add() in\ndst_release()\") moved decrementing the dst count from dst_destroy to\ndst_release to avoid accessing already freed data in case of netns\ndismantle. However in case CONFIG_DST_CACHE is enabled and OvS+tunnels\nare used, this fix is incomplete as the same issue will be seen for\ncached dsts:\n\n  Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff5aabf6b5c000\n  Call trace:\n   percpu_counter_add_batch+0x3c/0x160 (P)\n   dst_release+0xec/0x108\n   dst_cache_destroy+0x68/0xd8\n   dst_destroy+0x13c/0x168\n   dst_destroy_rcu+0x1c/0xb0\n   rcu_do_batch+0x18c/0x7d0\n   rcu_core+0x174/0x378\n   rcu_core_si+0x18/0x30\n\nFix this by invalidating the cache, and thus decrementing cached dst\ncounters, in dst_release too."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Triggering requires local configuration of a metadata tunnel (tc `action tunnel_key set`, nft tunnel object, or OVS set_tunnel) via netlink plus a network-namespace dismantle; received packets alone cannot populate the dst_cache since RX-allocated tun_dsts have no cache initialized.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides \u2014 they configure the cached tunnel dst and they trigger the netns teardown that frees the percpu counter \u2014 and `cleanup_net()` performs no rcu_barrier() between device-op exit (which queues dst_destroy_rcu) and ip6_route_net_exit(), so the window is wide and the whole sequence can be repeated in a loop until it lands.\nPR:L - tc actions, nftables tunnel objects, tunnel device creation and netns teardown are all gated by `netlink_net_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which checks against `sock_net(sk)-\u003euser_ns`, so an unprivileged local user obtains everything needed via `unshare -Urn`.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence \u2014 namespace creation, tunnel/action setup, traffic generation, and namespace destruction \u2014 with no action by any other user.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel memory within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `percpu_counter_add_batch()` reads freed percpu memory through the dangling `fbc-\u003ecounters` pointer and folds that value into a kernel counter; per use-after-free scoring this yields potential disclosure of reclaimed kernel heap contents.\nI:H - The stale `this_cpu_write()` performs a use-after-free write into a freed percpu chunk that other percpu allocations can reclaim, corrupting unrelated kernel state (e.g. counters/refcounts) in an attacker-groomable way.\nA:H - The reported failure is a fatal kernel paging fault in `percpu_counter_add_batch()` from an RCU softirq callback, which panics or oopses the machine in unrecoverable context."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:56:25.007Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ccc331fd5bcae131d2627d5ef099d4a1f6540aea"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92a5c18513117be69bc00419dd1724c1940f8fcd"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/836415a8405c9665ae55352fc5ba865c242f5e4f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e833e7ad64eb2f63867f65303be49ca30ee8819e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a0a3ff6593d670af2451ec363ccb7b18aec0c0a"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net: decrease cached dst counters in dst_release",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-22057",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-16T14:12:14.234Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.812Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:56:25.007Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

GHSA-F6X4-FWP3-VV23

CVE-2025-22057 (GCVE-0-2025-22057)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour