Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-7PQ9-RF9P-WCRF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-29 20:40 – Updated: 2025-10-23 20:32

Summary

go-f3 Vulnerable to Cached Justification Verification Bypass

Details

Description

A vulnerability exists in go-f3's justification verification caching mechanism where verification results are cached without properly considering the context of the message. An attacker can bypass justification verification by: 1. First submitting a valid message with a correct justification 2. Then reusing the same cached justification in contexts where it would normally be invalid

This occurs because the cached verification does not properly validate the relationship between the justification and the specific message context it's being used with.

Impact

Potential consensus integrity issues through invalid justification acceptance
Could affect network liveness if exploited systematically
May allow malicious actors to influence consensus decisions with invalid justifications
Requires significant power (350+ TiB due to power table rounding) to meaningfully exploit
It would also be difficult to exploit in a synchronised fashion, such that >1/3 of the network goes down at one time. This isn't a one-msg panic, where you can spam it and bring everyone down, because every node will have a different amount of memory andmany SPs also run redundant lotus nodes.

Patches

The fix was merged and released with go-f3 0.8.9. All node software (Lotus, Forest, Venus) are using a patched version of go-f3 with their updates for the nv27 network upgrade.

Workarounds

The are no immediate workarounds available. Nodes should upgrade to the patched version, which they will have done if participating in nv27 on Filecoin mainnet.

Credits

The bug was reported by @lgprbs via our bug bounty program. Thank you for the contributions.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L

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JSON

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/filecoin-project/go-f3"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.8.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59941"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-305"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-29T20:40:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-29T23:15:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Description\nA vulnerability exists in go-f3\u0027s justification verification caching mechanism where verification results are cached without properly considering the context of the message. An attacker can bypass justification verification by:\n1. First submitting a valid message with a correct justification\n2. Then reusing the same cached justification in contexts where it would normally be invalid\n\nThis occurs because the cached verification does not properly validate the relationship between the justification and the specific message context it\u0027s being used with.\n\n### Impact\n- Potential consensus integrity issues through invalid justification acceptance\n- Could affect network liveness if exploited systematically\n- May allow malicious actors to influence consensus decisions with invalid justifications\n- Requires significant power (350+ TiB due to power table rounding) to meaningfully exploit\n- It would also be difficult to exploit in a synchronised fashion, such that \u003e1/3 of the network goes down at one time.  This isn\u0027t a one-msg panic, where you can spam it and bring everyone down, because every node will have a different amount of memory andmany SPs also run redundant lotus nodes.  \n\n### Patches\nThe fix was merged and released with go-f3 0.8.9. All node software (Lotus, Forest, Venus) are using a patched version of go-f3 with their updates for the nv27 network upgrade.\n\n### Workarounds\nThe are no immediate workarounds available. Nodes should upgrade to the patched version, which they will have done if participating in nv27 on Filecoin mainnet.\n\n### Credits\nThe bug was reported by @lgprbs via our bug bounty program. Thank you for the contributions.",
  "id": "GHSA-7pq9-rf9p-wcrf",
  "modified": "2025-10-23T20:32:35Z",
  "published": "2025-09-29T20:40:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filecoin-project/go-f3/security/advisories/GHSA-7pq9-rf9p-wcrf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59941"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filecoin-project/go-f3/commit/76fff18cf07b21baccf537024bdb2fb41f75f6e2#diff-e1f646cea41790e1642e4e649c9e3c526344736d67222201703e1c29c23e9625"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/filecoin-project/go-f3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3989"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "go-f3 Vulnerable to Cached Justification Verification Bypass"
}

CVE-2025-59941 (GCVE-0-2025-59941)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-29 22:38 – Updated: 2025-09-30 14:13

Title

go-f3 is Vulnerable to Cached Justification Verification Bypass

Summary

go-f3 is a Golang implementation of Fast Finality for Filecoin (F3). In versions 0.8.8 and below, go-f3's justification verification caching mechanism has a vulnerability where verification results are cached without properly considering the context of the message. An attacker can bypass justification verification by submitting a valid message with a correct justification and then reusing the same cached justification in contexts where it would normally be invalid. This occurs because the cached verification does not properly validate the relationship between the justification and the specific message context it's being used with. This issue is fixed in version 0.8.9.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-09-30 14:13 UTC

CWE

CWE-305 - Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/filecoin-project/go-f3/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/filecoin-project/go-f3/commit/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
filecoin-project	go-f3	Affected: < 0.8.9

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-59941",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-09-30T14:13:50.946398Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-09-30T14:13:56.958Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "go-f3",
          "vendor": "filecoin-project",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.8.9"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "go-f3 is a Golang implementation of Fast Finality for Filecoin (F3). In versions 0.8.8 and below, go-f3\u0027s justification verification caching mechanism has a vulnerability where verification results are cached without properly considering the context of the message. An attacker can bypass justification verification by submitting a valid message with a correct justification and then reusing the same cached justification in contexts where it would normally be invalid. This occurs because the cached verification does not properly validate the relationship between the justification and the specific message context it\u0027s being used with. This issue is fixed in version 0.8.9."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 5.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-305",
              "description": "CWE-305: Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-09-29T22:38:42.589Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/filecoin-project/go-f3/security/advisories/GHSA-7pq9-rf9p-wcrf",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/filecoin-project/go-f3/security/advisories/GHSA-7pq9-rf9p-wcrf"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/filecoin-project/go-f3/commit/76fff18cf07b21baccf537024bdb2fb41f75f6e2#diff-e1f646cea41790e1642e4e649c9e3c526344736d67222201703e1c29c23e9625",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/filecoin-project/go-f3/commit/76fff18cf07b21baccf537024bdb2fb41f75f6e2#diff-e1f646cea41790e1642e4e649c9e3c526344736d67222201703e1c29c23e9625"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-7pq9-rf9p-wcrf",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "go-f3 is Vulnerable to Cached Justification Verification Bypass"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-59941",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-29T22:38:42.589Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-23T14:33:49.505Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-09-30T14:13:56.958Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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