GHSA-72RF-5F28-VMPH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-18 18:31 – Updated: 2026-10-18 18:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/sched: sch_hfsc: bound the classify inner-filter walk with a drift budget
hfsc_classify() applies the "filter may only point downwards" level check only when the filter result carries no bound class. A filter created with a flowid gets res.class set once at bind time, so the check never runs for it during classification. hfsc_adjust_levels() can later raise a class's level without revalidating existing bindings, leaving two binds that were each legal at bind time pointing at each other; the classify walk then bounces between two interior classes forever with the qdisc lock held and BH disabled — a soft lockup from a single packet. The stuck walk trips the watchdog:
watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#3 stuck for 13s! [ping:444] RIP: 0010:u32_classify+0x542/0x17f0 ... tcf_classify+0x66/0xa0 hfsc_enqueue+0x166/0xdf0
Bound the traversal with a budget of non-descending hops, the only way a configured walk can move without descending the class tree once levels drift after bind time. The budget is cumulative over the whole walk and is deliberately not reset on a descending hop: a chain that alternates a descent with a lateral hop would return the budget every lap and never trip. Descending hops never decrement it, so legitimately deep trees are unaffected and a terminating lateral chain still classifies normally. Drop the packet with a rate-limited warning once the budget is exhausted, mirroring the merged HTB fix.
This is a follow-up to commit 729c4896ab82 ("net/sched: sch_htb: limit htb_classify inner-class filter hops"), which bounded the same classify loop on the HTB side but left the HFSC walk unbounded.
Conditions to recreate the bug: - CONFIG_NET_SCHED, CONFIG_NET_SCH_HFSC, CONFIG_NET_CLS_U32, CONFIG_LOCKUP_DETECTOR. - Build a cycle with two legal-at-bind-time flowid binds and a level drift: class X 1:1 (child of root) with leaf child 1:10; class Y 1:2 (sibling of X) with children 1:20 and 1:200; root u32 filter flowid 1:1; filter on X flowid 1:2 (legal when Y is a leaf); after Y's level rises to 2, filter on Y flowid 1:1 (legal then). Send one packet (ping on the device). Unfixed kernel: classify spins with the qdisc lock held; with softlockup_panic=1 it panics. - Reachable from unprivileged user via unshare -Urn (CAP_NET_ADMIN).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-98610"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-18T16:17:13Z",
"severity": null
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: sch_hfsc: bound the classify inner-filter walk with a drift budget\n\nhfsc_classify() applies the \"filter may only point downwards\" level check\nonly when the filter result carries no bound class. A filter created with\na flowid gets res.class set once at bind time, so the check never runs for\nit during classification. hfsc_adjust_levels() can later raise a class\u0027s\nlevel without revalidating existing bindings, leaving two binds that were\neach legal at bind time pointing at each other; the classify walk then\nbounces between two interior classes forever with the qdisc lock held and\nBH disabled \u2014 a soft lockup from a single packet. The stuck walk trips\nthe watchdog:\n\n watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#3 stuck for 13s! [ping:444]\n RIP: 0010:u32_classify+0x542/0x17f0\n ...\n tcf_classify+0x66/0xa0\n hfsc_enqueue+0x166/0xdf0\n\nBound the traversal with a budget of non-descending hops, the only way a\nconfigured walk can move without descending the class tree once levels\ndrift after bind time. The budget is cumulative over the whole walk and\nis deliberately not reset on a descending hop: a chain that alternates a\ndescent with a lateral hop would return the budget every lap and never\ntrip. Descending hops never decrement it, so legitimately deep trees are\nunaffected and a terminating lateral chain still classifies normally.\nDrop the packet with a rate-limited warning once the budget is exhausted,\nmirroring the merged HTB fix.\n\nThis is a follow-up to commit 729c4896ab82 (\"net/sched: sch_htb: limit\nhtb_classify inner-class filter hops\"), which bounded the same classify\nloop on the HTB side but left the HFSC walk unbounded.\n\nConditions to recreate the bug:\n- CONFIG_NET_SCHED, CONFIG_NET_SCH_HFSC, CONFIG_NET_CLS_U32,\n CONFIG_LOCKUP_DETECTOR.\n- Build a cycle with two legal-at-bind-time flowid binds and a level\n drift: class X 1:1 (child of root) with leaf child 1:10; class Y 1:2\n (sibling of X) with children 1:20 and 1:200; root u32 filter flowid\n 1:1; filter on X flowid 1:2 (legal when Y is a leaf); after Y\u0027s level\n rises to 2, filter on Y flowid 1:1 (legal then). Send one packet (ping\n on the device). Unfixed kernel: classify spins with the qdisc lock\n held; with softlockup_panic=1 it panics.\n- Reachable from unprivileged user via unshare -Urn (CAP_NET_ADMIN).",
"id": "GHSA-72rf-5f28-vmph",
"modified": "2026-10-18T18:31:56Z",
"published": "2026-10-18T18:31:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-98610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0fa25ba50a382d79c0cf060214c2095756836f5f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1301a1292c6742b4c96a18715d49f89c3caca0d7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2bd20245dd658789d8cccb37697967b4caba6ad8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30d7fea767e830bd81ac2f73d2e33c877cb2e679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a60ade2277e1f0e0d0578d565354e52292fa46d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d4fd251e3311727c32af89344d3332f788c153a2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e8f9979286f70dfbfe0552e2a63000950841bea6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f476fb656ca2326d7b2eba98d03ced1cbcf5cd99"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.