Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-43G4-4J68-8XJ3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-19 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-26 18:30

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

xen: fix UAF in dmabuf_exp_from_pages()

[dma_buf_fd() fixes; no preferences regarding the tree it goes through - up to xen folks]

As soon as we'd inserted a file reference into descriptor table, another thread could close it. That's fine for the case when all we are doing is returning that descriptor to userland (it's a race, but it's a userland race and there's nothing the kernel can do about it). However, if we follow fd_install() with any kind of access to objects that would be destroyed on close (be it the struct file itself or anything destroyed by its ->release()), we have a UAF.

dma_buf_fd() is a combination of reserving a descriptor and fd_install(). gntdev dmabuf_exp_from_pages() calls it and then proceeds to access the objects destroyed on close - starting with gntdev_dmabuf itself.

Fix that by doing reserving descriptor before anything else and do fd_install() only when everything had been set up.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-38595"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-416"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-19T17:15:37Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxen: fix UAF in dmabuf_exp_from_pages()\n\n[dma_buf_fd() fixes; no preferences regarding the tree it goes through -\nup to xen folks]\n\nAs soon as we\u0027d inserted a file reference into descriptor table, another\nthread could close it.  That\u0027s fine for the case when all we are doing is\nreturning that descriptor to userland (it\u0027s a race, but it\u0027s a userland\nrace and there\u0027s nothing the kernel can do about it).  However, if we\nfollow fd_install() with any kind of access to objects that would be\ndestroyed on close (be it the struct file itself or anything destroyed\nby its -\u003erelease()), we have a UAF.\n\ndma_buf_fd() is a combination of reserving a descriptor and fd_install().\ngntdev dmabuf_exp_from_pages() calls it and then proceeds to access the\nobjects destroyed on close - starting with gntdev_dmabuf itself.\n\nFix that by doing reserving descriptor before anything else and do\nfd_install() only when everything had been set up.",
  "id": "GHSA-43g4-4j68-8xj3",
  "modified": "2025-11-26T18:30:58Z",
  "published": "2025-08-19T18:31:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38595"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3edfd2353f301bfffd5ee41066e37320a59ccc2d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/532c8b51b3a8676cbf533a291f8156774f30ea87"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d59d49af4aeed9a81e673e37c26c6a3bacf1a181"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5907885260401bba300d4d18d79875c05b82651"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-38595 (GCVE-0-2025-38595)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 17:03 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:03

Title

xen: fix UAF in dmabuf_exp_from_pages()

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xen: fix UAF in dmabuf_exp_from_pages() [dma_buf_fd() fixes; no preferences regarding the tree it goes through - up to xen folks] As soon as we'd inserted a file reference into descriptor table, another thread could close it. That's fine for the case when all we are doing is returning that descriptor to userland (it's a race, but it's a userland race and there's nothing the kernel can do about it). However, if we follow fd_install() with any kind of access to objects that would be destroyed on close (be it the struct file itself or anything destroyed by its ->release()), we have a UAF. dma_buf_fd() is a combination of reserving a descriptor and fd_install(). gntdev dmabuf_exp_from_pages() calls it and then proceeds to access the objects destroyed on close - starting with gntdev_dmabuf itself. Fix that by doing reserving descriptor before anything else and do fd_install() only when everything had been set up.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5907885260401bba…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3edfd2353f301bfff…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d59d49af4aeed9a81…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/532c8b51b3a8676cb…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: a240d6e42e28c34fdc34b3a98ca838a31c939901 , < e5907885260401bba300d4d18d79875c05b82651 (git) Affected: a240d6e42e28c34fdc34b3a98ca838a31c939901 , < 3edfd2353f301bfffd5ee41066e37320a59ccc2d (git) Affected: a240d6e42e28c34fdc34b3a98ca838a31c939901 , < d59d49af4aeed9a81e673e37c26c6a3bacf1a181 (git) Affected: a240d6e42e28c34fdc34b3a98ca838a31c939901 , < 532c8b51b3a8676cbf533a291f8156774f30ea87 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 4.19 Unaffected: 0 , < 4.19 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.42 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.10 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.1 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/xen/gntdev-dmabuf.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "e5907885260401bba300d4d18d79875c05b82651",
              "status": "affected",
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              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3edfd2353f301bfffd5ee41066e37320a59ccc2d",
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              "version": "a240d6e42e28c34fdc34b3a98ca838a31c939901",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "d59d49af4aeed9a81e673e37c26c6a3bacf1a181",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a240d6e42e28c34fdc34b3a98ca838a31c939901",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a240d6e42e28c34fdc34b3a98ca838a31c939901",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
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            "drivers/xen/gntdev-dmabuf.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.19"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.19",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.42",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15.10",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.42",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.10",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.1",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxen: fix UAF in dmabuf_exp_from_pages()\n\n[dma_buf_fd() fixes; no preferences regarding the tree it goes through -\nup to xen folks]\n\nAs soon as we\u0027d inserted a file reference into descriptor table, another\nthread could close it.  That\u0027s fine for the case when all we are doing is\nreturning that descriptor to userland (it\u0027s a race, but it\u0027s a userland\nrace and there\u0027s nothing the kernel can do about it).  However, if we\nfollow fd_install() with any kind of access to objects that would be\ndestroyed on close (be it the struct file itself or anything destroyed\nby its -\u003erelease()), we have a UAF.\n\ndma_buf_fd() is a combination of reserving a descriptor and fd_install().\ngntdev dmabuf_exp_from_pages() calls it and then proceeds to access the\nobjects destroyed on close - starting with gntdev_dmabuf itself.\n\nFix that by doing reserving descriptor before anything else and do\nfd_install() only when everything had been set up."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through `IOCTL_GNTDEV_DMABUF_EXP_FROM_REFS` on the local `/dev/xen/gntdev` misc device, requiring local access to the machine (dom0 or a HVM/PVH guest). No network-facing path reaches `dmabuf_exp_from_pages()`.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 one thread issues the export ioctl while another closes the freshly installed fd, whose number is deterministic (lowest free descriptor) \u2014 and the window spans a sleepable `mutex_lock()`, making it wide; the ioctl can be retried indefinitely until it wins.\nPR:L - `gntdev_ioctl()` contains no `capable()` or `CAP_*` checks at all, so any user able to open `/dev/xen/gntdev` can trigger it; Xen stacks that use this exact dma-buf path (automotive display virtualization, Qubes vchan) grant unprivileged users access to that node.\nUI:N - Exploitation is entirely self-contained within the attacker\u0027s own multi-threaded process issuing an ioctl and a concurrent `close()`; no victim action is required.\nS:U - The freed objects (`struct gntdev_dmabuf`, the gntdev `struct file`) and the resulting corruption all live in the same kernel\u0027s memory as the attacker\u0027s own domain; nothing crosses the hypervisor or IOMMU boundary.\nC:H - `get_file(gntdev_dmabuf-\u003epriv-\u003efilp)` reads a pointer out of freed, attacker-groomable `kmalloc-96` memory, and `list_add()` writes kernel heap pointers into that freed slot which can be read back via a resprayed object, yielding kernel memory disclosure; the resulting `struct file` UAF permits arbitrary kernel read.\nI:H - The unmatched `fput()` on `priv-\u003efilp` underflows the gntdev file refcount and frees a `struct file` still referenced by an open fd, and the code writes into the freed `gntdev_dmabuf` (`-\u003efd = ret`, `list_add`) \u2014 a classic UAF/DirtyCred-style write primitive leading to control-flow hijack and privilege escalation.\nA:H - Losing the race before `list_add()` makes `dmabuf_exp_release()` run `list_del()` on a zeroed `list_head`, causing a NULL-pointer write oops (or a corruption WARN plus heap/list corruption), and the general UAF and file refcount underflow readily panic the kernel."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:03:17.183Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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        },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d59d49af4aeed9a81e673e37c26c6a3bacf1a181"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/532c8b51b3a8676cbf533a291f8156774f30ea87"
        }
      ],
      "title": "xen: fix UAF in dmabuf_exp_from_pages()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38595",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-19T17:03:25.527Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.028Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:03:17.183Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

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Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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GHSA-43G4-4J68-8XJ3

CVE-2025-38595 (GCVE-0-2025-38595)

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