Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-3763-QP59-59VF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-12 15:16 – Updated: 2026-08-12 15:16

Summary

nimiq-blockchain: Validity store off by one error

Details

Impact

The validity store treats a transaction with stored block_number = X as "in window" only when X > last_bn - transaction_validity_window_blocks (strict inequality). However the protocol's Transaction::is_valid_at accepts a transaction for inclusion in any block in [validity_start_height - blocks_per_batch, validity_start_height + window - 1]. By choosing validity_start_height = X + blocks_per_batch (the largest value still compatible with first inclusion at block X), an attacker can replay the same signed transaction in any block B such that X + window < B < validity_start_height + window, i.e., a contiguous window of blocks_per_batch - 1 blocks (59 on MainNet, ~10 minutes) during which the replay-protection check fails to flag it. The same transaction is then executed twice: the sender is debited twice, the recipient credited twice.

Patches

https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/pull/3772

Workarounds

No known workarounds

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.5.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "nimiq-blockchain"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-46369"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-193",
      "CWE-294"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-12T15:16:53Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe validity store treats a transaction with stored `block_number = X` as \"in window\" only when `X \u003e last_bn - transaction_validity_window_blocks` (strict inequality). However the protocol\u0027s `Transaction::is_valid_at` accepts a transaction for inclusion in any block in `[validity_start_height - blocks_per_batch, validity_start_height + window - 1]`. By choosing `validity_start_height = X + blocks_per_batch` (the largest value still compatible with first inclusion at block X), an attacker can replay the same signed transaction in any block B such that `X + window \u003c B \u003c validity_start_height + window`, i.e., a contiguous window of `blocks_per_batch - 1` blocks (59 on MainNet, ~10 minutes) during which the replay-protection check fails to flag it. The same transaction is then executed twice: the sender is debited twice, the recipient credited twice.\n\n### Patches\nhttps://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/pull/3772\n\n### Workarounds\nNo known workarounds",
  "id": "GHSA-3763-qp59-59vf",
  "modified": "2026-08-12T15:16:53Z",
  "published": "2026-08-12T15:16:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/security/advisories/GHSA-3763-qp59-59vf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/pull/3772"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/commit/a530b2434ebca6e3716f07c73079786fcc6f2e41"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "nimiq-blockchain: Validity store off by one error"
}

CVE-2026-46369 (GCVE-0-2026-46369)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 19:32 – Updated: 2026-08-27 15:22

Title

Nimiq: Validity store off by one error

Summary

Nimiq is a Rust implementation of the Nimiq Proof-of-Stake protocol based on the Albatross consensus algorithm. Through 1.5.0, the validity store uses a strict lower-bound comparison that expires a stored transaction too early relative to Transaction::is_valid_at, allowing a remote attacker to replay the same signed transaction during a blocks_per_batch minus one block window and cause the sender and recipient balances to be updated twice. This issue is fixed in version 1.5.1.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-27 15:22 UTC

CWE

CWE-193 - Off-by-one Error
CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/pull/3772	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/commit…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
nimiq	core-rs-albatross	Affected: < 1.5.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-46369",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-08-27T15:22:06.489660Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T15:22:58.317Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "core-rs-albatross",
          "vendor": "nimiq",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.5.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Nimiq is a Rust implementation of the Nimiq Proof-of-Stake protocol based on the Albatross consensus algorithm. Through 1.5.0, the validity store uses a strict lower-bound comparison that expires a stored transaction too early relative to Transaction::is_valid_at, allowing a remote attacker to replay the same signed transaction during a blocks_per_batch minus one block window and cause the sender and recipient balances to be updated twice. This issue is fixed in version 1.5.1."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-193",
              "description": "CWE-193: Off-by-one Error",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-294",
              "description": "CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-26T19:32:46.025Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/security/advisories/GHSA-3763-qp59-59vf",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/security/advisories/GHSA-3763-qp59-59vf"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/pull/3772",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/pull/3772"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/commit/a530b2434ebca6e3716f07c73079786fcc6f2e41",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nimiq/core-rs-albatross/commit/a530b2434ebca6e3716f07c73079786fcc6f2e41"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-3763-qp59-59vf",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Nimiq: Validity store off by one error"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-46369",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-26T19:32:46.025Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T19:53:47.920Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T15:22:58.317Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.

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