Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2026-99238

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-11-02 16:17 - Updated: 2026-11-03 20:18

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tracing: Hold trace_types_lock when updating modules in persistent instances trace_module_record() walks ftrace_trace_arrays from the module notifier without trace_types_lock. A concurrent rmdir of an instance removes it from the list and frees it under that lock, so a module load or unload can walk into a freed trace_array.

References

	URL	Tags
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/244c442f54601a24c86ad90572bf36fc3df41c5e
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/57408eac99b0d8a005796346d317d31f0ca4e07a
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66877a312ae3c2c3d849e82e882f642ffd4ec3e2
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dab2bd4d67ad5eaa95019a9511f8d379401b5021

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/trace/trace.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "57408eac99b0d8a005796346d317d31f0ca4e07a",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "dab2bd4d67ad5eaa95019a9511f8d379401b5021",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "244c442f54601a24c86ad90572bf36fc3df41c5e",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "66877a312ae3c2c3d849e82e882f642ffd4ec3e2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/trace/trace.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.15"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.15",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.60",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.14",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.3.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.4-rc1",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Hold trace_types_lock when updating modules in persistent instances\n\ntrace_module_record() walks ftrace_trace_arrays from the module notifier\nwithout trace_types_lock. A concurrent rmdir of an instance removes it\nfrom the list and frees it under that lock, so a module load or unload\ncan walk into a freed trace_array."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-99238",
  "lastModified": "2026-11-03T20:18:30.147",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-11-02T16:17:49.380",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/244c442f54601a24c86ad90572bf36fc3df41c5e"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/57408eac99b0d8a005796346d317d31f0ca4e07a"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66877a312ae3c2c3d849e82e882f642ffd4ec3e2"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dab2bd4d67ad5eaa95019a9511f8d379401b5021"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Received"
}

CVE-2026-99238 (GCVE-0-2026-99238)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-11-03 19:13

Title

tracing: Hold trace_types_lock when updating modules in persistent instances

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6637 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/57408eac99b0d8a00…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dab2bd4d67ad5eaa9…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/244c442f54601a24c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66877a312ae3c2c3d…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43 , < 57408eac99b0d8a005796346d317d31f0ca4e07a (git) Affected: 5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43 , < dab2bd4d67ad5eaa95019a9511f8d379401b5021 (git) Affected: 5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43 , < 244c442f54601a24c86ad90572bf36fc3df41c5e (git) Affected: 5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43 , < 66877a312ae3c2c3d849e82e882f642ffd4ec3e2 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.15 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.15 (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.60 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2.14 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.3.1 , ≤ 7.3.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.4-rc1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/trace/trace.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "57408eac99b0d8a005796346d317d31f0ca4e07a",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "dab2bd4d67ad5eaa95019a9511f8d379401b5021",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "244c442f54601a24c86ad90572bf36fc3df41c5e",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "66877a312ae3c2c3d849e82e882f642ffd4ec3e2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5f3719f697c3fdfae5cd6805f10ac7a04b0f4e43",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/trace/trace.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.15"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.15",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.60",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.14",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.3.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.4-rc1",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.60",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.14",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.3.1",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.4-rc1",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Hold trace_types_lock when updating modules in persistent instances\n\ntrace_module_record() walks ftrace_trace_arrays from the module notifier\nwithout trace_types_lock. A concurrent rmdir of an instance removes it\nfrom the list and frees it under that lock, so a module load or unload\ncan walk into a freed trace_array."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - trace_module_record() is reached only from trace_module_notify() on MODULE_STATE_COMING/GOING via load_module()-\u003eprepare_coming_module() or delete_module(), i.e. local finit_module/init_module/delete_module or __sock_create()\u0027s request_module(\"net-pf-%d\"). The concurrent free is rmdir(2) on tracefs instances (tracefs_syscall_rmdir()-\u003einstance_rmdir()). No protocol message carries the list pointer.\nAC:L - The attacker mkdir()s an instance, then concurrently rmdir()s it so __remove_instance() list_del()+kfree()s the trace_array while another thread loads or unloads a module and trace_module_record() walks ftrace_trace_arrays unlocked. They drive both sides and can retry; a boot/persistent instance is unnecessary because the walk visits every trace_array before checking TRACE_ARRAY_FL_BOOT.\nPR:L - instance_mkdir()/instance_rmdir() (via tracefs_syscall_rmdir) check only VFS DAC on the 0750 instances directory and LOCKDOWN_TRACEFS, not capable(). tracefs_parse_param() uid=/gid= makes a non-root owner of that directory. The COMING notifier also runs after __sock_create()\u0027s request_module(\"net-pf-%d\"), which is not gated by CAP_SYS_MODULE.\nUI:N - The attacker mkdir/rmdir their own /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/\u003cname\u003e and starts the module load or unload (socket() autoload, finit_module, or delete_module) on their own threads. No other user must mount media, open a file, or confirm the action.\nS:U - __remove_instance() kfree()s a host-kernel struct trace_array that trace_module_record() still walks on ftrace_trace_arrays. The resulting heap corruption stays in the tracing subsystem on that host and does not cross a VM, IOMMU, or guest/host boundary.\nC:H - After __remove_instance() kfree()s the kzalloc\u0027d trace_array, trace_module_record() still reads tr-\u003eflags and list_for_each_entry follows tr-\u003elist.next. Reclaiming that object lets the attacker control those fields and the later tr-\u003escratch/tr-\u003emodule_delta pointers, which is a use-after-free kernel read.\nI:H - If the reclaimed object\u0027s flags include TRACE_ARRAY_FL_BOOT, save_mod() writes mod-\u003ename and mod_addr through attacker-controlled tr-\u003escratch; if TRACE_ARRAY_FL_LAST_BOOT is set, make_mod_delta() writes tr-\u003emodule_delta-\u003edelta[]. That use-after-free write is a kernel heap and control-flow primitive.\nA:H - list_for_each_entry on the kfree\u0027d trace_array in trace_module_record(), or save_mod()/make_mod_delta() dereferencing stale tr-\u003escratch, oopses or panics the kernel. The attacker can repeat the rmdir-versus-module-notifier race until that crash hits."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-11-03T19:13:05.949Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/57408eac99b0d8a005796346d317d31f0ca4e07a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dab2bd4d67ad5eaa95019a9511f8d379401b5021"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/244c442f54601a24c86ad90572bf36fc3df41c5e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66877a312ae3c2c3d849e82e882f642ffd4ec3e2"
        }
      ],
      "title": "tracing: Hold trace_types_lock when updating modules in persistent instances",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-99238",
    "datePublished": "2026-11-02T16:06:42.810Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:25:14.403Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-11-03T19:13:05.949Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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