Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2026-41523

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-06-22 23:16 - Updated: 2026-10-25 23:10

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0.

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/b3c7ffcab82c2439726f8cb213800f6f38c023d3	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-q8gq-377p-jq3r	Exploit, Third Party Advisory
security-advisories@github.com	https://huntr.com/bounties/dcb05b04-e625-41e7-adbc-bbae0cc2d64c	Third Party Advisory
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36005
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36006
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57380
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57387
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57389
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57390
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59138
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59139
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59144
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59151
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:61627
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:61629
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:62335
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:62336
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-41523
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2491582
0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-41523.json

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	vllm	vllm	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
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  "configurations": [
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          "cpeMatch": [
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              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:vllm:vllm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM\u0027s activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "vLLM es un motor de inferencia y servicio para modelos de lenguaje grandes (LLM). Antes de la 0.22.0, una comprobaci\u00f3n de seguridad basada en assert en la carga de funciones de activaci\u00f3n de vLLM permite a cualquier atacante no autenticado lograr la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo arbitrario en el servidor al publicar un modelo malicioso de HuggingFace, cuando vLLM se ejecuta en modo optimizado de Python (python -O o PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). Esta vulnerabilidad se corrige en la 0.22.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-41523",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-25T23:10:00.167",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
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          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
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          "version": "3.1"
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        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
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          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
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          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
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CVE-2026-41523 (GCVE-0-2026-41523)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 22:18 – Updated: 2026-09-04 12:04

Title

vLLM: Security Check Bypass via assert Statement in Activation Function Loading Allows Arbitrary Code Execution

Summary

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-23 12:23 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-617 - Reachable Assertion

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7799 records in the last 180 days details

References

20 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/adv…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/b3c7f…	x_refsource_MISC
https://huntr.com/bounties/dcb05b04-e625-41e7-adb…	x_refsource_MISC
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-41523	vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2491582	issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v…	x_sadp-csaf-vex
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:61627	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36005	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:61629	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36006	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59138	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59139	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57380	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57389	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57390	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57387	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:62336	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:62335	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59151	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59144	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT

Impacted products

24 products

Vendor	Product	Version
vllm-project	vllm	Affected: < 0.22.0
Red Hat	Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2	Unaffected: 1782951012 , < * (rpm) Unaffected: 1787860580 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2	Unaffected: 1782951244 , < * (rpm) Unaffected: 1787884873 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3	Unaffected: 1787161382 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3	Unaffected: 1787161803 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4	Unaffected: 1787151769 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.4::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4	Unaffected: 1787151840 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.4::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4	Unaffected: 1787151771 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.4::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4	Unaffected: 1787151774 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.4::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3	Unaffected: 1788290314 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.3::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3	Unaffected: 1788273908 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.3::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3	Unaffected: 1788273909 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.3::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3	Unaffected: 1788260684 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.3::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3	Unaffected: 1788273977 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.3::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3	Unaffected: 1788260620 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.3::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4	Unaffected: 1787310717 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.4::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4	Unaffected: 1787253912 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.4::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4	Unaffected: 1787253989 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.4::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4	Unaffected: 1787254059 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.4::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4	Unaffected: 1787243961 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.4::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4	Unaffected: 1787253774 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.4::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4	Unaffected: 1787244006 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3.4::el9
Red Hat	Red Hat AI Inference Server	cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3
Red Hat	Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)	cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai

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Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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