FKIE_CVE-2026-31495
Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-04-22 14:16 - Updated: 2026-11-11 23:10
Severity
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netfilter: ctnetlink: use netlink policy range checks
Replace manual range and mask validations with netlink policy
annotations in ctnetlink code paths, so that the netlink core rejects
invalid values early and can generate extack errors.
- CTA_PROTOINFO_TCP_STATE: reject values > TCP_CONNTRACK_SYN_SENT2 at
policy level, removing the manual >= TCP_CONNTRACK_MAX check.
- CTA_PROTOINFO_TCP_WSCALE_ORIGINAL/REPLY: reject values > TCP_MAX_WSCALE
(14). The normal TCP option parsing path already clamps to this value,
but the ctnetlink path accepted 0-255, causing undefined behavior when
used as a u32 shift count.
- CTA_FILTER_ORIG_FLAGS/REPLY_FLAGS: use NLA_POLICY_MASK with
CTA_FILTER_F_ALL, removing the manual mask checks.
- CTA_EXPECT_FLAGS: use NLA_POLICY_MASK with NF_CT_EXPECT_MASK, adding
a new mask define grouping all valid expect flags.
Extracted from a broader nf-next patch by Florian Westphal, scoped to
ctnetlink for the fixes tree.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | 2.6.22 | |
| linux | linux_kernel | 7.0 | |
| linux | linux_kernel | 7.0 | |
| linux | linux_kernel | 7.0 | |
| linux | linux_kernel | 7.0 | |
| linux | linux_kernel | 7.0 | |
| linux | linux_kernel | 7.0 | |
| linux | linux_kernel | 7.0 |
{
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{
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{
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"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"include/uapi/linux/netfilter/nf_conntrack_common.h",
"net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c",
"net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_tcp.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
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"net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_netlink.c",
"net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_tcp.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
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{
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"version": "0",
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},
{
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"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
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},
{
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"product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AB0)",
"vendor": "Siemens",
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{
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{
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"product": "SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0)",
"vendor": "Siemens",
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"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e"
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],
"configurations": [
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"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ctnetlink: use netlink policy range checks\n\nReplace manual range and mask validations with netlink policy\nannotations in ctnetlink code paths, so that the netlink core rejects\ninvalid values early and can generate extack errors.\n\n- CTA_PROTOINFO_TCP_STATE: reject values \u003e TCP_CONNTRACK_SYN_SENT2 at\n policy level, removing the manual \u003e= TCP_CONNTRACK_MAX check.\n- CTA_PROTOINFO_TCP_WSCALE_ORIGINAL/REPLY: reject values \u003e TCP_MAX_WSCALE\n (14). The normal TCP option parsing path already clamps to this value,\n but the ctnetlink path accepted 0-255, causing undefined behavior when\n used as a u32 shift count.\n- CTA_FILTER_ORIG_FLAGS/REPLY_FLAGS: use NLA_POLICY_MASK with\n CTA_FILTER_F_ALL, removing the manual mask checks.\n- CTA_EXPECT_FLAGS: use NLA_POLICY_MASK with NF_CT_EXPECT_MASK, adding\n a new mask define grouping all valid expect flags.\n\nExtracted from a broader nf-next patch by Florian Westphal, scoped to\nctnetlink for the fixes tree."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnetfilter: ctnetlink: utilizar comprobaciones de rango de pol\u00edtica de netlink\n\nReemplazar las validaciones manuales de rango y m\u00e1scara con anotaciones de pol\u00edtica de netlink en las rutas de c\u00f3digo de ctnetlink, para que el n\u00facleo de netlink rechace los valores no v\u00e1lidos tempranamente y pueda generar errores extack.\n\n- CTA_PROTOINFO_TCP_STATE: rechazar valores \u003e TCP_CONNTRACK_SYN_SENT2 a nivel de pol\u00edtica, eliminando la comprobaci\u00f3n manual \u003e= TCP_CONNTRACK_MAX.\n- CTA_PROTOINFO_TCP_WSCALE_ORIGINAL/REPLY: rechazar valores \u003e TCP_MAX_WSCALE (14). La ruta normal de an\u00e1lisis de opciones TCP ya se ajusta a este valor, pero la ruta de ctnetlink aceptaba 0-255, causando un comportamiento indefinido cuando se usaba como un contador de desplazamiento u32.\n- CTA_FILTER_ORIG_FLAGS/REPLY_FLAGS: usar NLA_POLICY_MASK con CTA_FILTER_F_ALL, eliminando las comprobaciones manuales de m\u00e1scara.\n- CTA_EXPECT_FLAGS: usar NLA_POLICY_MASK con NF_CT_EXPECT_MASK, a\u00f1adiendo una nueva definici\u00f3n de m\u00e1scara que agrupa todas las banderas de expectaci\u00f3n v\u00e1lidas.\n\nExtra\u00eddo de un parche nf-next m\u00e1s amplio por Florian Westphal, delimitado a ctnetlink para el \u00e1rbol de correcciones."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-31495",
"lastModified": "2026-11-11T23:10:00.263",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
],
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{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-31495",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-11-05T21:35:22.554497Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-04-22T14:16:47.500",
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"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
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{
"lang": "en",
"value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.