FKIE_CVE-2026-18439
Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-09-22 08:16 - Updated: 2026-09-23 19:17
Severity
Summary
The Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 4.0.7 via the tutor_quiz_builder_save AJAX action due to missing validation that nested question_id, answer_id, deleted_question_ids[], and deleted_answer_ids[] values in the submitted payload belong to a quiz/topic/course the requester is authorized to manage. The handler only validates the top-level course_id, topic_id, and (when supplied) payload['ID'], but the nested identifiers are passed straight into $wpdb->update/DELETE statements in QuizBuilder::save_questions(), QuizBuilder::save_question_answers(), and QuizBuilder::handle_delete(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Instructor-level access and above, to overwrite the content and re-parent arbitrary quiz questions/answers belonging to other instructors or administrators, and to delete arbitrary quiz question and answer rows.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version |
|---|
{
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Tutor LMS \u2013 eLearning and online course solution",
"vendor": "themeum",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "4.0.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security@wordfence.com"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Tutor LMS \u2013 eLearning and online course solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 4.0.7 via the tutor_quiz_builder_save AJAX action due to missing validation that nested question_id, answer_id, deleted_question_ids[], and deleted_answer_ids[] values in the submitted payload belong to a quiz/topic/course the requester is authorized to manage. The handler only validates the top-level course_id, topic_id, and (when supplied) payload[\u0027ID\u0027], but the nested identifiers are passed straight into $wpdb-\u003eupdate/DELETE statements in QuizBuilder::save_questions(), QuizBuilder::save_question_answers(), and QuizBuilder::handle_delete(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Instructor-level access and above, to overwrite the content and re-parent arbitrary quiz questions/answers belonging to other instructors or administrators, and to delete arbitrary quiz question and answer rows."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-18439",
"lastModified": "2026-09-23T19:17:29.350",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 1.4,
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-18439",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-23T18:37:32.518219Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-09-22T08:16:39.080",
"references": [
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L156"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L291"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L423"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L430"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L781"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L156"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L291"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L423"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L430"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L781"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3690454/tutor/tags/4.0.8/classes/QuizBuilder.php"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6d07c82d-262a-4ac1-9ee5-7ef4d025f66f?source=cve"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security@wordfence.com",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-639"
}
],
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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