Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-9577

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-08-28 19:15 - Updated: 2026-07-25 10:10

Severity

2.5 (Low) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
7.0 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow.sample of the component Administrative Interface. The manipulation results in use of default credentials. Attacking locally is a requirement. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited.

References

URL	Tags
cna@vuldb.com	https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md	Exploit, Third Party Advisory
cna@vuldb.com	https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce	Exploit, Third Party Advisory
cna@vuldb.com	https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321691	Permissions Required, VDB Entry
cna@vuldb.com	https://vuldb.com/?id.321691	Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
cna@vuldb.com	https://vuldb.com/?submit.636069	Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
cna@vuldb.com	https://www.totolink.net/	Product
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md	Exploit, Third Party Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce	Exploit, Third Party Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	totolink	x2000r_firmware	2.0.0-b20230727.1043.web
	totolink	x2000r	-

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "modules": [
            "Administrative Interface"
          ],
          "product": "X2000R",
          "vendor": "TOTOLINK",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "cna@vuldb.com"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:totolink:x2000r_firmware:2.0.0-b20230727.1043.web:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "79A3F735-30B4-44DF-98B5-5DDB3ABEA61D",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        },
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:totolink:x2000r:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "299F34FB-4D53-4846-B6F0-4431D61B5154",
              "vulnerable": false
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ],
      "operator": "AND"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow.sample of the component Administrative Interface. The manipulation results in use of default credentials. Attacking locally is a requirement. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Se ha descubierto una falla de seguridad en TOTOLINK X2000R hasta la versi\u00f3n 2.0.0. El elemento afectado es una funci\u00f3n desconocida del archivo /etc/sha4dow.sample del componente Interfaz Administrativa. La manipulaci\u00f3n resulta en el uso de credenciales predeterminadas. Atacar localmente es un requisito. Los ataques de esta naturaleza son altamente complejos. La explotabilidad se describe como dif\u00edcil. El exploit ha sido publicado y puede ser explotado."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-9577",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-25T10:10:00.167",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV2": [
      {
        "acInsufInfo": false,
        "baseSeverity": "LOW",
        "cvssData": {
          "accessComplexity": "HIGH",
          "accessVector": "LOCAL",
          "authentication": "SINGLE",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 1.0,
          "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N",
          "version": "2.0"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.5,
        "impactScore": 2.9,
        "obtainAllPrivilege": false,
        "obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
        "obtainUserPrivilege": false,
        "source": "cna@vuldb.com",
        "type": "Secondary",
        "userInteractionRequired": false
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 2.5,
          "baseSeverity": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
        "impactScore": 1.4,
        "source": "cna@vuldb.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.0,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 1.1,
          "baseSeverity": "LOW",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "PROOF_OF_CONCEPT",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "cna@vuldb.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-9577",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-08-28T18:41:00.764851Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-08-28T19:15:34.880",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "cna@vuldb.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md"
    },
    {
      "source": "cna@vuldb.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce"
    },
    {
      "source": "cna@vuldb.com",
      "tags": [
        "Permissions Required",
        "VDB Entry"
      ],
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321691"
    },
    {
      "source": "cna@vuldb.com",
      "tags": [
        "Third Party Advisory",
        "VDB Entry"
      ],
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.321691"
    },
    {
      "source": "cna@vuldb.com",
      "tags": [
        "Third Party Advisory",
        "VDB Entry"
      ],
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.636069"
    },
    {
      "source": "cna@vuldb.com",
      "tags": [
        "Product"
      ],
      "url": "https://www.totolink.net/"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "cna@vuldb.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-1392"
        }
      ],
      "source": "cna@vuldb.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    },
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-9577 (GCVE-0-2025-9577)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-28 18:32 – Updated: 2025-08-28 18:41

Title

TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials

Summary

Severity

2 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

2.5 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

2.5 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-08-28 18:41 UTC

CWE

CWE-1392 - Use of Default Credentials

Assigner

VulDB mitre root

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.321691	vdb-entry
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321691	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.636069	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TO…	related
https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TO…	exploit
https://www.totolink.net/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
TOTOLINK	X2000R	Affected: 2.0

Credits

lxyilu (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-9577",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-08-28T18:41:00.764851Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-08-28T18:41:04.929Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "modules": [
            "Administrative Interface"
          ],
          "product": "X2000R",
          "vendor": "TOTOLINK",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "lxyilu (VulDB User)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK X2000R up to 2.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /etc/shadow.sample of the component Administrative Interface. The manipulation results in use of default credentials. Attacking locally is a requirement. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited."
        },
        {
          "lang": "de",
          "value": "In TOTOLINK X2000R bis 2.0.0 ist eine Schwachstelle entdeckt worden. Dabei geht es um eine nicht genauer bekannte Funktion der Datei /etc/shadow.sample der Komponente Administrative Interface. Die Bearbeitung verursacht use of default credentials. Der Angriff hat dabei lokal zu erfolgen. Die Komplexit\u00e4t eines Angriffs ist eher hoch. Es wird angegeben, dass die Ausnutzbarkeit schwierig ist. Der Exploit wurde der \u00d6ffentlichkeit bekannt gemacht und k\u00f6nnte verwendet werden."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 2,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 2.5,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 2.5,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 1,
            "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-1392",
              "description": "Use of Default Credentials",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-08-28T18:32:07.573Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-321691 | TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.321691"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-321691 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321691"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #636069 | TOTOLINK Wi-Fi 6 Router X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0 Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.636069"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/XXRicardo/iot-cve/blob/main/TOLOLINK/X2000R-Gh-V2.0.0.md#steps-to-reproduce"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.totolink.net/"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-28T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-28T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-08-28T13:17:14.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "TOTOLINK X2000R Administrative shadow.sample default credentials"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-9577",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-28T18:32:07.573Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-08-28T11:12:10.995Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-08-28T18:41:04.929Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.

Action not permitted

FKIE_CVE-2025-9577

CVE-2025-9577 (GCVE-0-2025-9577)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature