Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-40202

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-11-12 22:15 - Updated: 2026-10-19 21:10

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipmi: Rework user message limit handling The limit on the number of user messages had a number of issues, improper counting in some cases and a use after free. Restructure how this is all done to handle more in the receive message allocation routine, so all refcouting and user message limit counts are done in that routine. It's a lot cleaner and safer.

References

	URL	Tags
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0ed73be9a2547ffb9b5c1d879ad9bfab73d920b5
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/348121b29594d42d1635648fd3ed31dfa25351d5
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/53d6e403affbf6df2c859a0ea00ccfc1e72090ca
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b52da4054ee0bf9ecb44996f2c83236ff50b3812
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f63723ca7d7623f9dae1990973cd158671f03c56

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "f63723ca7d7623f9dae1990973cd158671f03c56",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "348121b29594d42d1635648fd3ed31dfa25351d5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "53d6e403affbf6df2c859a0ea00ccfc1e72090ca",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "0ed73be9a2547ffb9b5c1d879ad9bfab73d920b5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "b52da4054ee0bf9ecb44996f2c83236ff50b3812",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.19"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.19",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.157",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.113",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.54",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipmi: Rework user message limit handling\n\nThe limit on the number of user messages had a number of issues,\nimproper counting in some cases and a use after free.\n\nRestructure how this is all done to handle more in the receive message\nallocation routine, so all refcouting and user message limit counts\nare done in that routine.  It\u0027s a lot cleaner and safer."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nipmi: Reestructurar el manejo del l\u00edmite de mensajes de usuario\n\nEl l\u00edmite en el n\u00famero de mensajes de usuario ten\u00eda una serie de problemas, conteo incorrecto en algunos casos y un uso despu\u00e9s de liberar.\n\nReestructurar c\u00f3mo se hace todo esto para manejar m\u00e1s en la rutina de asignaci\u00f3n de mensajes de recepci\u00f3n, de modo que todo el conteo de referencias y los conteos de l\u00edmite de mensajes de usuario se realicen en esa rutina. Es mucho m\u00e1s limpio y seguro."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-40202",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-11-12T22:15:47.403",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0ed73be9a2547ffb9b5c1d879ad9bfab73d920b5"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/348121b29594d42d1635648fd3ed31dfa25351d5"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/53d6e403affbf6df2c859a0ea00ccfc1e72090ca"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b52da4054ee0bf9ecb44996f2c83236ff50b3812"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f63723ca7d7623f9dae1990973cd158671f03c56"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}

CVE-2025-40202 (GCVE-0-2025-40202)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 21:56 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:08

Title

ipmi: Rework user message limit handling

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6639 records in the last 180 days details

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f63723ca7d7623f9d…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/348121b29594d42d1…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/53d6e403affbf6df2…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0ed73be9a2547ffb9…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b52da4054ee0bf9ec…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82 , < f63723ca7d7623f9dae1990973cd158671f03c56 (git) Affected: 8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82 , < 348121b29594d42d1635648fd3ed31dfa25351d5 (git) Affected: 8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82 , < 53d6e403affbf6df2c859a0ea00ccfc1e72090ca (git) Affected: 8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82 , < 0ed73be9a2547ffb9b5c1d879ad9bfab73d920b5 (git) Affected: 8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82 , < b52da4054ee0bf9ecb44996f2c83236ff50b3812 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.19 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.19 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.157 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.113 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.54 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.4 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "f63723ca7d7623f9dae1990973cd158671f03c56",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "348121b29594d42d1635648fd3ed31dfa25351d5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "53d6e403affbf6df2c859a0ea00ccfc1e72090ca",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "0ed73be9a2547ffb9b5c1d879ad9bfab73d920b5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "b52da4054ee0bf9ecb44996f2c83236ff50b3812",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8e76741c3d8b20dfa2d6c30fa10ff927cfd93d82",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.19"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.19",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.157",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.113",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.54",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.157",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.113",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.54",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipmi: Rework user message limit handling\n\nThe limit on the number of user messages had a number of issues,\nimproper counting in some cases and a use after free.\n\nRestructure how this is all done to handle more in the receive message\nallocation routine, so all refcouting and user message limit counts\nare done in that routine.  It\u0027s a lot cleaner and safer."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable paths are entered through ioctls on the `/dev/ipmiN` character device (`IPMICTL_SEND_MSG`, `IPMICTL_SET_GETS_EVENTS_CMD`, `IPMICTL_REGISTER_FOR_CMD`), i.e. local access to the machine. Although BMC-originated IPMB/LAN traffic also exercises the same miscounted paths, the reliable and documented trigger is the local device interface.\nAC:L - The counting imbalance is deterministic, not a race: `ipmi_set_gets_events()` sets `msg-\u003euser` without incrementing `nr_msgs` while delivery always decrements it, so a single `IPMICTL_SET_GETS_EVENTS_CMD` that drains queued events reliably underflows the counter and defeats the allocation limit. No memory-layout or timing conditions outside the attacker\u0027s control are required.\nPR:L - Neither `ipmi_devintf.c` nor `ipmi_msghandler.c` performs any capability check \u2014 reaching the bug only requires an open file descriptor on `/dev/ipmiN`, which server, appliance and embedded/telecom deployments commonly grant to an unprivileged monitoring/management group via udev so agents such as ipmitool can run without root.\nUI:N - The attacker performs everything itself with open()/ioctl() on the IPMI device; no victim action, mount, or file-open by another user is needed.\nS:U - The corrupted state (`struct ipmi_recv_msg`, `struct ipmi_user`, the driver\u0027s static watchdog/poweroff message objects) and all consequences stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The fix removes a genuine use-after-free (`ipmi_free_recv_msg(msg)` followed by dereferencing `msg-\u003euser`) plus release of caller-owned message objects; a freed `ipmi_recv_msg`/`ipmi_user` that the attacker can reclaim via heap grooming yields a controlled read primitive, and IPMI messages carry BMC/management-plane data.\nI:H - The use-after-free performs an atomic decrement through a stale `msg-\u003euser` pointer \u2014 an attacker-placed replacement object turns that into an arbitrary 32-bit decrement primitive, and the double release of the watchdog/poweroff static messages corrupts driver state, both leveragable toward control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Underflowing `nr_msgs` makes the signed/unsigned comparison reject every further request with `-EBUSY`, permanently disabling IPMI management (the reported real-world failure), while simultaneously defeating the `max_msgs_per_user` guard that exists specifically to stop a rogue program exhausting kernel memory; the use-after-free additionally causes oopses."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:30.982Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f63723ca7d7623f9dae1990973cd158671f03c56"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/348121b29594d42d1635648fd3ed31dfa25351d5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/53d6e403affbf6df2c859a0ea00ccfc1e72090ca"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0ed73be9a2547ffb9b5c1d879ad9bfab73d920b5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b52da4054ee0bf9ecb44996f2c83236ff50b3812"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ipmi: Rework user message limit handling",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40202",
    "datePublished": "2025-11-12T21:56:34.527Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.179Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:30.982Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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