Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-40093

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-10-30 10:15 - Updated: 2026-10-19 21:10

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactor bind path to use __free() After an bind/unbind cycle, the ecm->notify_req is left stale. If a subsequent bind fails, the unified error label attempts to free this stale request, leading to a NULL pointer dereference when accessing ep->ops->free_request. Refactor the error handling in the bind path to use the __free() automatic cleanup mechanism.

References

	URL	Tags
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/070f341d86cf2c098d63e484a86c7c1d2696a868
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15b9faf53ba8719700596e7ef78879ce200e8c2e
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42988380ac67c76bb9dff8f77d7ef3eefd50b7b5
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4630c68bade82f087eaaab22e9a361da2f18d139
	416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3745aaef19198d0c81637a7dd50ef53c4f879b7

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_ecm.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "d3745aaef19198d0c81637a7dd50ef53c4f879b7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "070f341d86cf2c098d63e484a86c7c1d2696a868",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "15b9faf53ba8719700596e7ef78879ce200e8c2e",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4630c68bade82f087eaaab22e9a361da2f18d139",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "42988380ac67c76bb9dff8f77d7ef3eefd50b7b5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_ecm.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.27"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.27",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.158",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.114",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.55",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactor bind path to use __free()\n\nAfter an bind/unbind cycle, the ecm-\u003enotify_req is left stale. If a\nsubsequent bind fails, the unified error label attempts to free this\nstale request, leading to a NULL pointer dereference when accessing\nep-\u003eops-\u003efree_request.\n\nRefactor the error handling in the bind path to use the __free()\nautomatic cleanup mechanism."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nusb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactorizar la ruta de enlace para usar __free()\n\nDespu\u00e9s de un ciclo de enlace/desenlace, el ecm-\u003enotify_req queda obsoleto. Si un enlace posterior falla, la etiqueta de error unificada intenta liberar esta solicitud obsoleta, lo que lleva a una desreferencia de puntero NULL al acceder a ep-\u003eops-\u003efree_request.\n\nRefactorizar el manejo de errores en la ruta de enlace para usar el mecanismo de limpieza autom\u00e1tica __free()."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-40093",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-10-30T10:15:33.813",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/070f341d86cf2c098d63e484a86c7c1d2696a868"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15b9faf53ba8719700596e7ef78879ce200e8c2e"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42988380ac67c76bb9dff8f77d7ef3eefd50b7b5"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4630c68bade82f087eaaab22e9a361da2f18d139"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3745aaef19198d0c81637a7dd50ef53c4f879b7"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}

CVE-2025-40093 (GCVE-0-2025-40093)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-30 09:48 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:07

Title

usb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactor bind path to use __free()

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7033 records in the last 180 days details

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3745aaef19198d0c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/070f341d86cf2c098…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15b9faf53ba871970…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4630c68bade82f087…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42988380ac67c76bb…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee , < d3745aaef19198d0c81637a7dd50ef53c4f879b7 (git) Affected: da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee , < 070f341d86cf2c098d63e484a86c7c1d2696a868 (git) Affected: da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee , < 15b9faf53ba8719700596e7ef78879ce200e8c2e (git) Affected: da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee , < 4630c68bade82f087eaaab22e9a361da2f18d139 (git) Affected: da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee , < 42988380ac67c76bb9dff8f77d7ef3eefd50b7b5 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 2.6.27 Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.27 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.158 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.114 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.55 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.5 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_ecm.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "d3745aaef19198d0c81637a7dd50ef53c4f879b7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "070f341d86cf2c098d63e484a86c7c1d2696a868",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "15b9faf53ba8719700596e7ef78879ce200e8c2e",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4630c68bade82f087eaaab22e9a361da2f18d139",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "42988380ac67c76bb9dff8f77d7ef3eefd50b7b5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_ecm.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.27"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.27",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.158",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.114",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.55",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.158",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.114",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.55",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactor bind path to use __free()\n\nAfter an bind/unbind cycle, the ecm-\u003enotify_req is left stale. If a\nsubsequent bind fails, the unified error label attempts to free this\nstale request, leading to a NULL pointer dereference when accessing\nep-\u003eops-\u003efree_request.\n\nRefactor the error handling in the bind path to use the __free()\nautomatic cleanup mechanism."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The entire bind/unbind/re-bind sequence that creates and then dereferences the stale `ecm-\u003enotify_req` is driven by local writes to `/sys/kernel/config/usb_gadget/\u003cg\u003e/UDC` and the function/config symlinks; no USB host traffic, cable event, or physical port access is required, so the bug is reachable purely through local filesystem/syscall access.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically controls every step \u2014 the successful first bind, the unbind that leaves `ecm-\u003enotify_req`/`ecm-\u003enotify` dangling, and the forced failure of the next bind by exhausting `usb_interface_id()` (MAX_CONFIG_INTERFACES) or `usb_ep_autoconfig()` via extra functions linked into the config between cycles \u2014 plus the heap spray that reclaims the freed `usb_request`. No race or condition outside attacker control is involved.\nPR:L - `gadget_dev_desc_UDC_store()` and `ecm_bind()` perform no capability check at all; access is gated only by configfs file permissions, and on Android and embedded/industrial deployments the USB gadget configfs tree is routinely delegated to non-root system/daemon accounts that switch tethering (ECM/NCM/RNDIS) functions.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all configfs writes itself; no victim action, cable plug event, or interaction with another user is needed to reach the stale free.\nS:U - The dangling-pointer free and subsequent heap corruption stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `kfree(ecm-\u003enotify_req-\u003ebuf)` reads a pointer out of the reclaimed `struct dummy_request`/`dwc3_request` slab and `usb_ep_free_request()` reads `ep-\u003eops` out of a potentially freed `struct usb_ep`, so an attacker who grooms those generic kmalloc caches gains object-overlap and arbitrary-free primitives readily converted into kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `kfree()` of an attacker-controlled pointer read from the freed request, a double free of the `usb_request` itself, and an indirect call through a reclaimable `ep-\u003eops` table together yield classic heap-corruption primitives leading to arbitrary write and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The directly observed effect is a kernel oops \u2014 NULL/garbage `ep-\u003eops` dereference in `usb_ep_free_request()` \u2014 and the double free independently causes slab corruption and panic, which an unprivileged holder of the configfs tree can trigger repeatedly."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:44.429Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3745aaef19198d0c81637a7dd50ef53c4f879b7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/070f341d86cf2c098d63e484a86c7c1d2696a868"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15b9faf53ba8719700596e7ef78879ce200e8c2e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4630c68bade82f087eaaab22e9a361da2f18d139"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42988380ac67c76bb9dff8f77d7ef3eefd50b7b5"
        }
      ],
      "title": "usb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactor bind path to use __free()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40093",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-30T09:48:00.807Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.163Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:44.429Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
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