Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-40039

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-10-28 12:15 - Updated: 2026-10-19 21:10

Severity

8.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.7 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: Fix race condition in RPC handle list access The 'sess->rpc_handle_list' XArray manages RPC handles within a ksmbd session. Access to this list is intended to be protected by 'sess->rpc_lock' (an rw_semaphore). However, the locking implementation was flawed, leading to potential race conditions. In ksmbd_session_rpc_open(), the code incorrectly acquired only a read lock before calling xa_store() and xa_erase(). Since these operations modify the XArray structure, a write lock is required to ensure exclusive access and prevent data corruption from concurrent modifications. Furthermore, ksmbd_session_rpc_method() accessed the list using xa_load() without holding any lock at all. This could lead to reading inconsistent data or a potential use-after-free if an entry is concurrently removed and the pointer is dereferenced. Fix these issues by: 1. Using down_write() and up_write() in ksmbd_session_rpc_open() to ensure exclusive access during XArray modification, and ensuring the lock is correctly released on error paths. 2. Adding down_read() and up_read() in ksmbd_session_rpc_method() to safely protect the lookup.

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/305853cce379407090a73b38c5de5ba748893aee	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5cc679ba0f4505936124cd4179ba66bb0a4bd9f3	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69674b029002b1d90b655f014bdf64f404efa54d	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b615a8fb3af0baf8126cde3d4fee97d57222ffc	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bd7e0e55dcea2cf0d391bbc21c2eb069b4be3e1	Patch

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/smb/server/mgmt/user_session.c"
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            {
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            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
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            }
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        }
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
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      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nksmbd: Fix race condition in RPC handle list access\n\nThe \u0027sess-\u003erpc_handle_list\u0027 XArray manages RPC handles within a ksmbd\nsession. Access to this list is intended to be protected by\n\u0027sess-\u003erpc_lock\u0027 (an rw_semaphore). However, the locking implementation was\nflawed, leading to potential race conditions.\n\nIn ksmbd_session_rpc_open(), the code incorrectly acquired only a read lock\nbefore calling xa_store() and xa_erase(). Since these operations modify\nthe XArray structure, a write lock is required to ensure exclusive access\nand prevent data corruption from concurrent modifications.\n\nFurthermore, ksmbd_session_rpc_method() accessed the list using xa_load()\nwithout holding any lock at all. This could lead to reading inconsistent\ndata or a potential use-after-free if an entry is concurrently removed and\nthe pointer is dereferenced.\n\nFix these issues by:\n1. Using down_write() and up_write() in ksmbd_session_rpc_open()\n   to ensure exclusive access during XArray modification, and ensuring\n   the lock is correctly released on error paths.\n2. Adding down_read() and up_read() in ksmbd_session_rpc_method()\n   to safely protect the lookup."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nksmbd: Soluci\u00f3n de condici\u00f3n de carrera en el acceso a la lista de manejadores RPC\n\nEl XArray \u0027sess-\u003erpc_handle_list\u0027 gestiona los manejadores RPC dentro de una sesi\u00f3n ksmbd. El acceso a esta lista est\u00e1 destinado a ser protegido por \u0027sess-\u003erpc_lock\u0027 (un rw_semaphore). Sin embargo, la implementaci\u00f3n del bloqueo era defectuosa, lo que llevaba a potenciales condiciones de carrera.\n\nEn ksmbd_session_rpc_open(), el c\u00f3digo adquiri\u00f3 incorrectamente solo un bloqueo de lectura antes de llamar a xa_store() y xa_erase(). Dado que estas operaciones modifican la estructura del XArray, se requiere un bloqueo de escritura para asegurar el acceso exclusivo y prevenir la corrupci\u00f3n de datos por modificaciones concurrentes.\n\nAdem\u00e1s, ksmbd_session_rpc_method() accedi\u00f3 a la lista usando xa_load() sin mantener ning\u00fan bloqueo en absoluto. Esto podr\u00eda llevar a la lectura de datos inconsistentes o a un potencial uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n si una entrada es eliminada concurrentemente y el puntero es desreferenciado.\n\nSe solucionan estos problemas de la siguiente manera:\n1. Usando down_write() y up_write() en ksmbd_session_rpc_open() para asegurar el acceso exclusivo durante la modificaci\u00f3n del XArray, y asegurando que el bloqueo se libere correctamente en las rutas de error.\n2. A\u00f1adiendo down_read() y up_read() en ksmbd_session_rpc_method() para proteger de forma segura la b\u00fasqueda."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-40039",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
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        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
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      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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}

CVE-2025-40039 (GCVE-0-2025-40039)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-28 11:48 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:07

Title

ksmbd: Fix race condition in RPC handle list access

Summary

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7018 records in the last 180 days details

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69674b029002b1d90…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b615a8fb3af0baf8…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5cc679ba0f4505936…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bd7e0e55dcea2cf0…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/305853cce37940709…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: a4348710a7267705b75692dc1a000920481d1d92 , < 69674b029002b1d90b655f014bdf64f404efa54d (git) Affected: b685757c7b08d5073046fb379be965fd6c06aafc , < 6b615a8fb3af0baf8126cde3d4fee97d57222ffc (git) Affected: b685757c7b08d5073046fb379be965fd6c06aafc , < 5cc679ba0f4505936124cd4179ba66bb0a4bd9f3 (git) Affected: b685757c7b08d5073046fb379be965fd6c06aafc , < 6bd7e0e55dcea2cf0d391bbc21c2eb069b4be3e1 (git) Affected: b685757c7b08d5073046fb379be965fd6c06aafc , < 305853cce379407090a73b38c5de5ba748893aee (git) Affected: 1f485b54d04a920723984062c912174330a05178 (git) Affected: 052b41ef2abe274f068e892aee81406f11bd1f3a (git) Affected: 5.15.145 , < 5.16 (semver)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.3 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.3 (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.123 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.53 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.3 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/smb/server/mgmt/user_session.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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        }
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable code is in ksmbd, the in-kernel SMB server, and is driven entirely by SMB2 requests (CREATE/CLOSE/IOCTL/READ/WRITE/QUERY_INFO) arriving over TCP port 445 from a remote peer. No local access is needed.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: the pipe handle is an attacker-chosen VolatileFileId, and ksmbd_queue_work() executes each SMB2 request on a separate ksmbd-io worker (plus SMB3 multichannel), so concurrent SMB2_CLOSE and SMB2_IOCTL/READ/WRITE requests run in parallel with unlimited retries.\nPR:L - Reaching create_smb2_pipe() requires a session in SMB2_SESSION_VALID state (ksmbd_session_lookup_all() rejects IN_PROGRESS) plus a tree connect to IPC$, i.e. any valid low-privileged SMB account; no administrative rights are needed, and with guest mapping enabled even credentials are unnecessary.\nUI:N - The entire sequence is performed by the attacker\u0027s own SMB client against the server; no action by any local user or administrator is required.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap state within the same kernel security authority; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The unlocked xa_load() dereferences a kfree()\u0027d struct ksmbd_session_rpc, disclosing reused kernel heap contents as the RPC method flags; a UAF of this kind gives control over freed-object contents and can be leveraged into arbitrary kernel memory disclosure, and the resulting flags can steer the root ksmbd.mountd daemon into SAMR/LSARPC handlers the client never opened.\nI:H - The stale entry-\u003emethod value read from a reused 8-byte slab object is heap-groomable by the attacker and directly selects which privileged RPC method the root-privileged userspace daemon executes with client-supplied payload; use-after-free conditions are generally leverageable into arbitrary-write and control-flow hijack primitives.\nA:H - Dereferencing the freed entry after the slab object or page has been released oopses the ksmbd worker thread, and the unsynchronized RPC handle teardown corrupts session state, yielding a repeatable remote kernel crash / denial of service."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:13.052Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69674b029002b1d90b655f014bdf64f404efa54d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b615a8fb3af0baf8126cde3d4fee97d57222ffc"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5cc679ba0f4505936124cd4179ba66bb0a4bd9f3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bd7e0e55dcea2cf0d391bbc21c2eb069b4be3e1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/305853cce379407090a73b38c5de5ba748893aee"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ksmbd: Fix race condition in RPC handle list access",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40039",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-28T11:48:19.781Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.153Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:13.052Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

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Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
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Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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