Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-39848

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-09-19 16:15 - Updated: 2026-10-19 21:10

Severity

8.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ax25: properly unshare skbs in ax25_kiss_rcv() Bernard Pidoux reported a regression apparently caused by commit c353e8983e0d ("net: introduce per netns packet chains"). skb->dev becomes NULL and we crash in __netif_receive_skb_core(). Before above commit, different kind of bugs or corruptions could happen without a major crash. But the root cause is that ax25_kiss_rcv() can queue/mangle input skb without checking if this skb is shared or not. Many thanks to Bernard Pidoux for his help, diagnosis and tests. We had a similar issue years ago fixed with commit 7aaed57c5c28 ("phonet: properly unshare skbs in phonet_rcv()").

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01a2984cb803f2d487b7074f9718db2bf3531f69	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2bd0f67212908243ce88e35bf69fa77155b47b14	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42b46684e2c78ee052d8c2ee8d9c2089233c9094	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b079be1b9da49ad88fc304c874d4be7085f7883	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d449b7a6c8ee434d10a483feed7c5c50108cf56	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8156210d36a43e76372312c87eb5ea3dbb405a85	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89064cf534bea4bb28c83fe6bbb26657b19dd5fe	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b1c71d674a308d2fbc83efcf88bfc4217a86aa17	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
debian	debian_linux	11.0

JSON

To clipboard

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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.243",
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    {
      "affectedData": [
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          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "SIMATIC CN 4100",
          "vendor": "Siemens",
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              "lessThan": "V5.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
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            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e"
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  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nax25: properly unshare skbs in ax25_kiss_rcv()\n\nBernard Pidoux reported a regression apparently caused by commit\nc353e8983e0d (\"net: introduce per netns packet chains\").\n\nskb-\u003edev becomes NULL and we crash in __netif_receive_skb_core().\n\nBefore above commit, different kind of bugs or corruptions could happen\nwithout a major crash.\n\nBut the root cause is that ax25_kiss_rcv() can queue/mangle input skb\nwithout checking if this skb is shared or not.\n\nMany thanks to Bernard Pidoux for his help, diagnosis and tests.\n\nWe had a similar issue years ago fixed with commit 7aaed57c5c28\n(\"phonet: properly unshare skbs in phonet_rcv()\")."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nax25: descompartir correctamente los skbs en ax25_kiss_rcv()\n\nBernard Pidoux inform\u00f3 de una regresi\u00f3n aparentemente causada por el commit\nc353e8983e0d (\u0027net: introduce per netns packet chains\u0027).\n\nskb-\u003edev se vuelve NULL y nos caemos en __netif_receive_skb_core().\n\nAntes del commit anterior, diferentes tipos de errores o corrupciones pod\u00edan ocurrir\nsin un bloqueo importante.\n\nPero la causa ra\u00edz es que ax25_kiss_rcv() puede encolar/manipular el skb de entrada\nsin verificar si este skb est\u00e1 compartido o no.\n\nMuchas gracias a Bernard Pidoux por su ayuda, diagn\u00f3stico y pruebas.\n\nTuvimos un problema similar hace a\u00f1os solucionado con el commit 7aaed57c5c28\n(\u0027phonet: properly unshare skbs in phonet_rcv()\u0027)."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-39848",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 5.5,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
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  "published": "2025-09-19T16:15:43.640",
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      "tags": [
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        "Third Party Advisory"
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      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
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    {
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  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
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}

CVE-2025-39848 (GCVE-0-2025-39848)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-19 15:26 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:05

Title

ax25: properly unshare skbs in ax25_kiss_rcv()

Summary

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7056 records in the last 180 days details

References

11 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42b46684e2c78ee05…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b079be1b9da49ad8…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2bd0f67212908243c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01a2984cb803f2d48…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d449b7a6c8ee434d…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89064cf534bea4bb2…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b1c71d674a308d2fb…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8156210d36a43e763…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/…

Impacted products

3 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 42b46684e2c78ee052d8c2ee8d9c2089233c9094 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 5b079be1b9da49ad88fc304c874d4be7085f7883 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 2bd0f67212908243ce88e35bf69fa77155b47b14 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 01a2984cb803f2d487b7074f9718db2bf3531f69 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 7d449b7a6c8ee434d10a483feed7c5c50108cf56 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 89064cf534bea4bb28c83fe6bbb26657b19dd5fe (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < b1c71d674a308d2fbc83efcf88bfc4217a86aa17 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 8156210d36a43e76372312c87eb5ea3dbb405a85 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 2.6.12 Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.12 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.299 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.243 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.192 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.151 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.105 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.46 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.6 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Siemens	SIMATIC CN 4100	Affected: 0 , < V5.0 (custom)

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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:44:06.959Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "product": "SIMATIC CN 4100",
            "vendor": "Siemens",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "V5.0",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "0",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-12T12:07:37.114Z",
          "orgId": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
          "shortName": "siemens-SADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html"
          }
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        "x_adpType": "supplier"
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    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/ax25/ax25_in.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
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              "lessThan": "2bd0f67212908243ce88e35bf69fa77155b47b14",
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              "version": "5.4.299",
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              "versionType": "semver"
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.151",
              "versionType": "semver"
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.105",
              "versionType": "semver"
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.46",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16.6",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
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          "nodes": [
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.299",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nax25: properly unshare skbs in ax25_kiss_rcv()\n\nBernard Pidoux reported a regression apparently caused by commit\nc353e8983e0d (\"net: introduce per netns packet chains\").\n\nskb-\u003edev becomes NULL and we crash in __netif_receive_skb_core().\n\nBefore above commit, different kind of bugs or corruptions could happen\nwithout a major crash.\n\nBut the root cause is that ax25_kiss_rcv() can queue/mangle input skb\nwithout checking if this skb is shared or not.\n\nMany thanks to Bernard Pidoux for his help, diagnosis and tests.\n\nWe had a similar issue years ago fixed with commit 7aaed57c5c28\n(\"phonet: properly unshare skbs in phonet_rcv()\")."
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:A - The vulnerable handler is a link-layer packet_type invoked on AX.25 frames received from an amateur-radio channel (mkiss/6pack/scc/baycom) or from raw ETH_P_BPQ Ethernet frames via bpqether, so the attacker must be on the same RF channel/digipeater network or the same Ethernet segment. AX.25 frames are not IP-routable in-kernel, matching the AV:A precedent set for the sibling netrom frame-receive CVE-2026-23098.\nAC:L - Every received AX.25 frame reaches the unshared-skb path; no crafting, timing window, or memory-layout grooming is required of the attacker, who fully controls frame content and rate. The only precondition \u2014 an AF_PACKET tap on ETH_P_AX25 placed after ptype_base \u2014 is the standard axlisten/mheardd monitoring setup present on ordinary AX.25 stations, which is how the bug was reported in the field.\nPR:N - AX.25 is entirely unauthenticated and ax25_kiss_rcv() runs on every frame before any socket, callsign, or connection state check. An attacker simply transmits on the channel or sends BPQ frames on the LAN with no credentials on the target system.\nUI:N - The frame is processed in softirq context by the receive path as soon as it arrives; no local user or administrator has to open, read, or otherwise interact with anything.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel skb/socket-queue structures within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The shared skb is mutated (skb_pull, header resets, skb-\u003edev/protocol rewrite) and re-queued while another consumer still reads it, so packet-socket consumers receive mis-parsed buffers, and the resulting use-after-free/list corruption of sk_buff objects yields a read primitive over freed kernel memory.\nI:H - Queueing a shared skb simultaneously onto the backlog, an AX.25 socket receive queue, and ax25-\u003efrag_queue produces sk_buff list corruption and double free, and skb_orphan() on a shared skb corrupts another socket\u0027s rmem accounting \u2014 classic heap-corruption primitives leverageable for arbitrary write and control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The reporter reproduced a hard kernel crash from a NULL skb-\u003edev dereference in __netif_receive_skb_core(), and the underlying skb double-queue/double-free reliably panics the machine; the attacker can repeat it with every frame transmitted."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:05:35.803Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b079be1b9da49ad88fc304c874d4be7085f7883"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8156210d36a43e76372312c87eb5ea3dbb405a85"
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      "title": "ax25: properly unshare skbs in ax25_kiss_rcv()",
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-39848",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-19T15:26:21.403Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.142Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:05:35.803Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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