Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-38617

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-08-22 14:15 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:23

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.7 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/packet: fix a race in packet_set_ring() and packet_notifier() When packet_set_ring() releases po->bind_lock, another thread can run packet_notifier() and process an NETDEV_UP event. This race and the fix are both similar to that of commit 15fe076edea7 ("net/packet: fix a race in packet_bind() and packet_notifier()"). There too the packet_notifier NETDEV_UP event managed to run while a po->bind_lock critical section had to be temporarily released. And the fix was similarly to temporarily set po->num to zero to keep the socket unhooked until the lock is retaken. The po->bind_lock in packet_set_ring and packet_notifier precede the introduction of git history.

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://blog.calif.io/p/a-race-within-a-race-exploiting-cve
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01d3c8417b9c1b884a8a981a3b886da556512f36	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18f13f2a83eb81be349a9757ba2141ff1da9ad73	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7da733f117533e9b2ebbd530a22ae4028713955c	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7de07705007c7e34995a5599aaab1d23e762d7ca	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88caf46db8239e6471413d28aabaa6b8bd552805	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba2257034755ae773722f15f4c3ad1dcdad15ca9	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e50ccfaca9e3c671cae917dcb994831a859cf588	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1791fd7b845bea0ce9674fcf2febee7bc87a893	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f2e8fcfd2b1bc754920108b7f2cd75082c5a18df	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://github.com/google/security-research/pull/339
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html	Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html	Third Party Advisory

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
debian	debian_linux	11.0

JSON

To clipboard

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  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
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      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/packet: fix a race in packet_set_ring() and packet_notifier()\n\nWhen packet_set_ring() releases po-\u003ebind_lock, another thread can\nrun packet_notifier() and process an NETDEV_UP event.\n\nThis race and the fix are both similar to that of commit 15fe076edea7\n(\"net/packet: fix a race in packet_bind() and packet_notifier()\").\n\nThere too the packet_notifier NETDEV_UP event managed to run while a\npo-\u003ebind_lock critical section had to be temporarily released. And\nthe fix was similarly to temporarily set po-\u003enum to zero to keep\nthe socket unhooked until the lock is retaken.\n\nThe po-\u003ebind_lock in packet_set_ring and packet_notifier precede the\nintroduction of git history."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net/packet: correcci\u00f3n de una carrera en packet_set_ring() y packet_notifier(). Cuando packet_set_ring() libera po-\u0026gt;bind_lock, otro hilo puede ejecutar packet_notifier() y procesar un evento NETDEV_UP. Esta carrera y la correcci\u00f3n son similares a las del commit 15fe076edea7 (\"net/packet: correcci\u00f3n de una carrera en packet_bind() y packet_notifier()\"). En este caso, el evento NETDEV_UP de packet_notifier tambi\u00e9n se ejecut\u00f3 mientras una secci\u00f3n cr\u00edtica de po-\u0026gt;bind_lock deb\u00eda liberarse temporalmente. La correcci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n consist\u00eda en establecer temporalmente po-\u0026gt;num en cero para mantener el socket desconectado hasta que se recupere el bloqueo. El po-\u0026gt;bind_lock en packet_set_ring y packet_notifier precede a la introducci\u00f3n del historial de Git."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-38617",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:31.420",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 4.7,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-08-22T14:15:46.160",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "url": "https://blog.calif.io/p/a-race-within-a-race-exploiting-cve"
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  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
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      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-362"
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      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-38617 (GCVE-0-2025-38617)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-22 13:01 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:03

Title

net/packet: fix a race in packet_set_ring() and packet_notifier()

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

13 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18f13f2a83eb81be3…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7da733f117533e9b2…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba2257034755ae773…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7de07705007c7e349…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88caf46db8239e647…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f2e8fcfd2b1bc7549…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e50ccfaca9e3c671c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1791fd7b845bea0c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01d3c8417b9c1b884…
https://blog.calif.io/p/a-race-within-a-race-expl…
https://github.com/google/security-research/pull/339
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 18f13f2a83eb81be349a9757ba2141ff1da9ad73 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 7da733f117533e9b2ebbd530a22ae4028713955c (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < ba2257034755ae773722f15f4c3ad1dcdad15ca9 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 7de07705007c7e34995a5599aaab1d23e762d7ca (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 88caf46db8239e6471413d28aabaa6b8bd552805 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < f2e8fcfd2b1bc754920108b7f2cd75082c5a18df (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < e50ccfaca9e3c671cae917dcb994831a859cf588 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < f1791fd7b845bea0ce9674fcf2febee7bc87a893 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 01d3c8417b9c1b884a8a981a3b886da556512f36 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 2.6.12 Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.12 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.297 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.241 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.190 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.148 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.102 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.42 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.10 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.1 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:40:28.543Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/packet/af_packet.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "18f13f2a83eb81be349a9757ba2141ff1da9ad73",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7da733f117533e9b2ebbd530a22ae4028713955c",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "ba2257034755ae773722f15f4c3ad1dcdad15ca9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7de07705007c7e34995a5599aaab1d23e762d7ca",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "88caf46db8239e6471413d28aabaa6b8bd552805",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "f2e8fcfd2b1bc754920108b7f2cd75082c5a18df",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "e50ccfaca9e3c671cae917dcb994831a859cf588",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "f1791fd7b845bea0ce9674fcf2febee7bc87a893",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "01d3c8417b9c1b884a8a981a3b886da556512f36",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/packet/af_packet.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.12"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.12",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.297",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.241",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.190",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.148",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.102",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.42",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15.10",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.297",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.241",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.190",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.148",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.102",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.42",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.10",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.1",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/packet: fix a race in packet_set_ring() and packet_notifier()\n\nWhen packet_set_ring() releases po-\u003ebind_lock, another thread can\nrun packet_notifier() and process an NETDEV_UP event.\n\nThis race and the fix are both similar to that of commit 15fe076edea7\n(\"net/packet: fix a race in packet_bind() and packet_notifier()\").\n\nThere too the packet_notifier NETDEV_UP event managed to run while a\npo-\u003ebind_lock critical section had to be temporarily released. And\nthe fix was similarly to temporarily set po-\u003enum to zero to keep\nthe socket unhooked until the lock is retaken.\n\nThe po-\u003ebind_lock in packet_set_ring and packet_notifier precede the\nintroduction of git history."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Triggering the race requires local syscalls \u2014 creating an AF_PACKET socket, calling setsockopt(PACKET_RX_RING), and generating NETDEV_UP/NETDEV_DOWN events via netlink on a bound device. A remote peer can supply the packet data that lands in the freed ring, but cannot set up the race itself.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 one thread issues the PACKET_RX_RING setsockopt while another flaps the bound interface \u2014 and the unlocked window in packet_set_ring() spans a full synchronize_net() RCU grace period, making the race trivially winnable and repeatable.\nPR:L - packet_create() requires only ns_capable(net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_RAW), which an unprivileged user obtains with `unshare -Urn`, along with CAP_NET_ADMIN in that namespace to create a veth/dummy device and bring it up and down. Containers with Docker\u0027s default capability set (which includes NET_RAW) also reach this directly.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 socket setup, ring teardown, interface flap, and packet injection \u2014 with no action from any other user.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - tpacket_rcv() operates on the freed pg_vec pages and stale prb_bdqc pointers, and the reclaimed pages remain user-mmapped via packet_mmap(), giving the attacker a read window onto whatever kernel data is reallocated into them \u2014 an arbitrary kernel memory disclosure primitive.\nI:H - skb_copy_bits() and prb_fill_curr_block() write attacker-chosen packet contents and block metadata into freed ring pages after free_pg_vec(), yielding a controlled use-after-free write that is heap-sprayable into privilege escalation.\nA:H - In the simplest outcome, packet_lookup_frame() dereferences a NULL rb-\u003epg_vec and test_bit() a NULL rx_owner_map from softirq context, causing an immediate kernel oops/panic that any local user can trigger at will."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:03:32.785Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18f13f2a83eb81be349a9757ba2141ff1da9ad73"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7da733f117533e9b2ebbd530a22ae4028713955c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ba2257034755ae773722f15f4c3ad1dcdad15ca9"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7de07705007c7e34995a5599aaab1d23e762d7ca"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88caf46db8239e6471413d28aabaa6b8bd552805"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f2e8fcfd2b1bc754920108b7f2cd75082c5a18df"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e50ccfaca9e3c671cae917dcb994831a859cf588"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1791fd7b845bea0ce9674fcf2febee7bc87a893"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01d3c8417b9c1b884a8a981a3b886da556512f36"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://blog.calif.io/p/a-race-within-a-race-exploiting-cve"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/google/security-research/pull/339"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net/packet: fix a race in packet_set_ring() and packet_notifier()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38617",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-22T13:01:23.963Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.029Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:03:32.785Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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FKIE_CVE-2025-38617

CVE-2025-38617 (GCVE-0-2025-38617)

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Related by attack behaviour