Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-38461

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-07-25 16:15 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:23

Severity

7.0 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.7 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vsock: Fix transport_* TOCTOU Transport assignment may race with module unload. Protect new_transport from becoming a stale pointer. This also takes care of an insecure call in vsock_use_local_transport(); add a lockdep assert. BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff8056000 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN RIP: 0010:vsock_assign_transport+0x366/0x600 Call Trace: vsock_connect+0x59c/0xc40 __sys_connect+0xe8/0x100 __x64_sys_connect+0x6e/0xc0 do_syscall_64+0x92/0x1c0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/36a439049b34cca0b3661276049b84a1f76cc21a	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/687aa0c5581b8d4aa87fd92973e4ee576b550cdf	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b73bddf54777fb62d4d8c7729d0affe6df04477	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8667e8d0eb46bc54fdae30ba2f4786407d3d88eb	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ce53e744f18e73059d3124070e960f3aa9902bf	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d24bb6780282b0255b9929abe5e8f98007e2c6e	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae2c712ba39c7007de63cb0c75b51ce1caaf1da5	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html	Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html	Third Party Advisory

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
debian	debian_linux	11.0

JSON

To clipboard

{
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          "product": "Linux",
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  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvsock: Fix transport_* TOCTOU\n\nTransport assignment may race with module unload. Protect new_transport\nfrom becoming a stale pointer.\n\nThis also takes care of an insecure call in vsock_use_local_transport();\nadd a lockdep assert.\n\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff8056000\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN\nRIP: 0010:vsock_assign_transport+0x366/0x600\nCall Trace:\n vsock_connect+0x59c/0xc40\n __sys_connect+0xe8/0x100\n __x64_sys_connect+0x6e/0xc0\n do_syscall_64+0x92/0x1c0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: vsock: Se corrige la asignaci\u00f3n de transporte transport_* TOCTOU que podr\u00eda competir con la descarga del m\u00f3dulo. Se evita que new_transport se convierta en un puntero obsoleto. Esto tambi\u00e9n soluciona una llamada insegura en vsock_use_local_transport(); se a\u00f1ade una aserci\u00f3n lockdep. BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff8056000 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN RIP: 0010:vsock_assign_transport+0x366/0x600 Call Trace: vsock_connect+0x59c/0xc40 __sys_connect+0xe8/0x100 __x64_sys_connect+0x6e/0xc0 do_syscall_64+0x92/0x1c0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53"
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-38461",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:15.620",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.0,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
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        "exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
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        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
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        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 4.7,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
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        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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          "options": [
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            {
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          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:41:43.452088Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
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  "published": "2025-07-25T16:15:31.923",
  "references": [
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  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
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}

CVE-2025-38461 (GCVE-0-2025-38461)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-25 15:27 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:02

Title

vsock: Fix transport_* TOCTOU

Summary

Severity

7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-10 20:41 UTC

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

9 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8667e8d0eb46bc54f…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/36a439049b34cca0b…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ce53e744f18e7305…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d24bb6780282b025…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae2c712ba39c7007d…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b73bddf54777fb62…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/687aa0c5581b8d4aa…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a , < 8667e8d0eb46bc54fdae30ba2f4786407d3d88eb (git) Affected: c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a , < 36a439049b34cca0b3661276049b84a1f76cc21a (git) Affected: c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a , < 9ce53e744f18e73059d3124070e960f3aa9902bf (git) Affected: c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a , < 9d24bb6780282b0255b9929abe5e8f98007e2c6e (git) Affected: c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a , < ae2c712ba39c7007de63cb0c75b51ce1caaf1da5 (git) Affected: c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a , < 7b73bddf54777fb62d4d8c7729d0affe6df04477 (git) Affected: c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a , < 687aa0c5581b8d4aa87fd92973e4ee576b550cdf (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.5 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.5 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.240 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.189 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.146 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.99 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.39 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.7 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:38:21.774Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-38461",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:41:43.452088Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-11T18:44:15.500Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/vmw_vsock/af_vsock.c"
          ],
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              "versionType": "git"
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            },
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              "lessThan": "9d24bb6780282b0255b9929abe5e8f98007e2c6e",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "ae2c712ba39c7007de63cb0c75b51ce1caaf1da5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7b73bddf54777fb62d4d8c7729d0affe6df04477",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "687aa0c5581b8d4aa87fd92973e4ee576b550cdf",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/vmw_vsock/af_vsock.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.5"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.5",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.240",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.189",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.146",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.99",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.39",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15.7",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.240",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.189",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.146",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.99",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.39",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.7",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvsock: Fix transport_* TOCTOU\n\nTransport assignment may race with module unload. Protect new_transport\nfrom becoming a stale pointer.\n\nThis also takes care of an insecure call in vsock_use_local_transport();\nadd a lockdep assert.\n\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff8056000\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN\nRIP: 0010:vsock_assign_transport+0x366/0x600\nCall Trace:\n vsock_connect+0x59c/0xc40\n __sys_connect+0xe8/0x100\n __x64_sys_connect+0x6e/0xc0\n do_syscall_64+0x92/0x1c0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached through the AF_VSOCK socket API \u2014 `socket(AF_VSOCK, SOCK_DGRAM)` and `connect()` \u2014 which requires a local execution context on the target system. Per kernel scoring convention vsock is treated as a local attack vector even though the listener path is also driven by peer packets.\nAC:H - The attacker fully controls one side of the race (a tight `connect()`/`socket()` loop, and can widen the window via transport reassignment through `release()`/`destruct()`), but the other side requires a concurrent vsock transport module unload, which is gated by `capable(CAP_SYS_MODULE)` in the init user namespace and therefore cannot be induced by the attacker at will.\nPR:L - Creating an AF_VSOCK socket and calling connect() requires no capabilities whatsoever \u2014 there is no `capable()` gate on `vsock_create()` or `vsock_connect()` \u2014 so any unprivileged local user, including one inside an unprivileged container, can drive the racing side.\nUI:N - The attacker\u0027s exploitation path is pure syscall activity with no victim action required; the administrative module unload is a system-state precondition already accounted for in Attack Complexity and is not double-counted here.\nS:U - The stale-pointer dereference, wild write and indirect calls all occur in the host kernel\u0027s own security authority, which is the same authority that manages the vsock socket. This is standard kernel-level compromise with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free on freed module memory: `new_transport-\u003emodule` and the transport\u0027s function pointers are read from a region that has been released by `execmem_free()` and can be reallocated by a subsequent module load. Combined with the indirect calls through those stale pointers, this yields arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `try_module_get()` performs `atomic_inc_not_zero()` on a `struct module *` read out of freed memory, giving an increment-write through an attacker-influenceable address, and `new_transport-\u003eseqpacket_allow()`/`-\u003einit()` are indirect calls through function pointers read from that same freed region \u2014 a control-flow hijack primitive.\nA:H - The bug is demonstrated by an unrecoverable oops \u2014 \"BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff8056000\" at `vsock_assign_transport+0x366` \u2014 and any use-after-free of this kind reliably panics the kernel even when not fully weaponized."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:02:04.689Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8667e8d0eb46bc54fdae30ba2f4786407d3d88eb"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/36a439049b34cca0b3661276049b84a1f76cc21a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ce53e744f18e73059d3124070e960f3aa9902bf"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d24bb6780282b0255b9929abe5e8f98007e2c6e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae2c712ba39c7007de63cb0c75b51ce1caaf1da5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b73bddf54777fb62d4d8c7729d0affe6df04477"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/687aa0c5581b8d4aa87fd92973e4ee576b550cdf"
        }
      ],
      "title": "vsock: Fix transport_* TOCTOU",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38461",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-25T15:27:39.322Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.020Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:02:04.689Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.