Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-38257

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-07-09 11:15 - Updated: 2026-10-15 22:18

Severity

7.3 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H
7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: s390/pkey: Prevent overflow in size calculation for memdup_user() Number of apqn target list entries contained in 'nr_apqns' variable is determined by userspace via an ioctl call so the result of the product in calculation of size passed to memdup_user() may overflow. In this case the actual size of the allocated area and the value describing it won't be in sync leading to various types of unpredictable behaviour later. Use a proper memdup_array_user() helper which returns an error if an overflow is detected. Note that it is different from when nr_apqns is initially zero - that case is considered valid and should be handled in subsequent pkey_handler implementations. Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org).

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73483ca7e07a5e39bdf612eec9d3d293e8bef649	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7360ee47599af91a1d5f4e74d635d9408a54e489	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88f3869649edbc4a13f6c2877091f81cd5a50f05	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ad1bdd24a02d5a8d119af8e4cd50933780a6d29f	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f855b119e62b004a5044ed565f2a2b368c4d3f16	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/faa1ab4a23c42e34dc000ef4977b751d94d5148c	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
debian	debian_linux	11.0

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/s390/crypto/pkey_api.c"
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d",
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            },
            {
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              "versionType": "git"
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          ]
        },
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          ],
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.187",
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            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.96",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.36",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16",
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            }
          ]
        }
      ],
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              "matchCriteriaId": "6D4894DB-CCFE-4602-B1BF-3960B2E19A01",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
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              "vulnerable": true
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              "matchCriteriaId": "415BF58A-8197-43F5-B3D7-D1D63057A26E",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
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      "nodes": [
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          "cpeMatch": [
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      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ns390/pkey: Prevent overflow in size calculation for memdup_user()\n\nNumber of apqn target list entries contained in \u0027nr_apqns\u0027 variable is\ndetermined by userspace via an ioctl call so the result of the product in\ncalculation of size passed to memdup_user() may overflow.\n\nIn this case the actual size of the allocated area and the value\ndescribing it won\u0027t be in sync leading to various types of unpredictable\nbehaviour later.\n\nUse a proper memdup_array_user() helper which returns an error if an\noverflow is detected. Note that it is different from when nr_apqns is\ninitially zero - that case is considered valid and should be handled in\nsubsequent pkey_handler implementations.\n\nFound by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org)."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: s390/pkey: Evitar el desbordamiento en el c\u00e1lculo del tama\u00f1o para memdup_user() El n\u00famero de entradas de la lista de destino apqn contenidas en la variable \u0027nr_apqns\u0027 est\u00e1 determinado por el espacio de usuario a trav\u00e9s de una llamada ioctl, por lo que el resultado del producto en el c\u00e1lculo del tama\u00f1o pasado a memdup_user() puede desbordarse. En este caso, el tama\u00f1o real del \u00e1rea asignada y el valor que lo describe no estar\u00e1n sincronizados, lo que provocar\u00e1 varios tipos de comportamiento impredecible m\u00e1s adelante. Utilice un ayudante memdup_array_user() adecuado que devuelva un error si se detecta un desbordamiento. Tenga en cuenta que es diferente de cuando nr_apqns es inicialmente cero: ese caso se considera v\u00e1lido y debe manejarse en implementaciones posteriores de pkey_handler. Encontrado por el Centro de verificaci\u00f3n de Linux (linuxtesting.org)."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-38257",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-15T22:18:37.177",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.3,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "LOW",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 5.5,
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
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    "ssvcV203": [
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        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-38257",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:49:06.214372Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-07-09T11:15:27.993",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73483ca7e07a5e39bdf612eec9d3d293e8bef649"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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    },
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      "tags": [
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    },
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/faa1ab4a23c42e34dc000ef4977b751d94d5148c"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List",
        "Third Party Advisory"
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      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-38257 (GCVE-0-2025-38257)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-09 10:42 – Updated: 2026-10-15 21:52

Title

s390/pkey: Prevent overflow in size calculation for memdup_user()

Summary

Severity

7.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-15 21:49 UTC

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7033 records in the last 180 days details

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ad1bdd24a02d5a8d1…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/faa1ab4a23c42e34d…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88f3869649edbc4a1…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f855b119e62b004a5…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73483ca7e07a5e39b…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7360ee47599af91a1…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d , < ad1bdd24a02d5a8d119af8e4cd50933780a6d29f (git) Affected: f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d , < faa1ab4a23c42e34dc000ef4977b751d94d5148c (git) Affected: f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d , < 88f3869649edbc4a13f6c2877091f81cd5a50f05 (git) Affected: f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d , < f855b119e62b004a5044ed565f2a2b368c4d3f16 (git) Affected: f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d , < 73483ca7e07a5e39bdf612eec9d3d293e8bef649 (git) Affected: f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d , < 7360ee47599af91a1d5f4e74d635d9408a54e489 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.4 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.4 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.187 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.143 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.96 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.36 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.5 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:35:59.898Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-38257",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:49:06.214372Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:52:12.939Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/s390/crypto/pkey_api.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "ad1bdd24a02d5a8d119af8e4cd50933780a6d29f",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "faa1ab4a23c42e34dc000ef4977b751d94d5148c",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "88f3869649edbc4a13f6c2877091f81cd5a50f05",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "f855b119e62b004a5044ed565f2a2b368c4d3f16",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "73483ca7e07a5e39bdf612eec9d3d293e8bef649",
              "status": "affected",
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              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7360ee47599af91a1d5f4e74d635d9408a54e489",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f2bbc96e7cfad3891b7bf9bd3e566b9b7ab4553d",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/s390/crypto/pkey_api.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.4"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.4",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.187",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.143",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.96",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.36",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.187",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.143",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.96",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.36",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ns390/pkey: Prevent overflow in size calculation for memdup_user()\n\nNumber of apqn target list entries contained in \u0027nr_apqns\u0027 variable is\ndetermined by userspace via an ioctl call so the result of the product in\ncalculation of size passed to memdup_user() may overflow.\n\nIn this case the actual size of the allocated area and the value\ndescribing it won\u0027t be in sync leading to various types of unpredictable\nbehaviour later.\n\nUse a proper memdup_array_user() helper which returns an error if an\noverflow is detected. Note that it is different from when nr_apqns is\ninitially zero - that case is considered valid and should be handled in\nsubsequent pkey_handler implementations.\n\nFound by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org)."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.3,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only through ioctl calls on the /dev/pkey misc device node; there is no network, adjacent-network, or remote-peer data path into `_copy_apqns_from_user()`. The in-kernel API (`pkey_key2protkey`) and sysfs paths always pass a NULL apqn list with count 0.\nAC:L - `apqn_entries` is a plain u32 field copied directly from the ioctl argument struct, so the attacker sets the value outright in a single deterministic ioctl call. No race, no memory-layout dependency, and no condition outside the attacker\u0027s control.\nPR:L - The pkey miscdevice is registered with `.mode = 0666`, making it world read/write, and neither `pkey_unlocked_ioctl()` nor any of the four reachable sub-handlers performs a `capable()` or `CAP_*` check. Any local unprivileged user on an s390 system with CONFIG_PKEY enabled (standard in distro mainframe kernels) can trigger it.\nUI:N - The attacker issues the ioctl directly from their own process; no victim action, mount, or file open by another user is involved.\nS:U - The undersized allocation and the resulting out-of-bounds access are both in kernel heap memory within the same security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The size/count desynchronization causes the CCA handlers to walk `apqns[i]` far past the end of an attacker-sized kmalloc buffer, an unbounded slab out-of-bounds read rather than a few-byte overread. The disclosed heap contents are consumed as card/domain selectors, exposing adjacent kernel object data.\nI:L - All handler signatures take `const struct pkey_apqn *apqns`, so the desynchronized buffer is only ever read \u2014 there is no out-of-bounds write or control-flow hijack primitive. Integrity impact is limited to out-of-bounds heap values steering crypto-adapter requests to attacker-uncontrolled card/domain pairs.\nA:H - Iterating up to billions of entries past a small kmalloc\u0027d buffer reliably reaches unmapped memory, producing a kernel oops/panic, and the loop contains no `cond_resched()` so it can also stall the CPU. Any unprivileged local user can repeat this at will."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:00:47.634Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ad1bdd24a02d5a8d119af8e4cd50933780a6d29f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/faa1ab4a23c42e34dc000ef4977b751d94d5148c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88f3869649edbc4a13f6c2877091f81cd5a50f05"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f855b119e62b004a5044ed565f2a2b368c4d3f16"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/73483ca7e07a5e39bdf612eec9d3d293e8bef649"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7360ee47599af91a1d5f4e74d635d9408a54e489"
        }
      ],
      "title": "s390/pkey: Prevent overflow in size calculation for memdup_user()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38257",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-09T10:42:34.395Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.997Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:52:12.939Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

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Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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