Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-37905

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-05-20 16:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:15

Severity

5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: firmware: arm_scmi: Balance device refcount when destroying devices Using device_find_child() to lookup the proper SCMI device to destroy causes an unbalance in device refcount, since device_find_child() calls an implicit get_device(): this, in turns, inhibits the call of the provided release methods upon devices destruction. As a consequence, one of the structures that is not freed properly upon destruction is the internal struct device_private dev->p populated by the drivers subsystem core. KMemleak detects this situation since loading/unloding some SCMI driver causes related devices to be created/destroyed without calling any device_release method. unreferenced object 0xffff00000f583800 (size 512): comm "insmod", pid 227, jiffies 4294912190 hex dump (first 32 bytes): 00 00 00 00 ad 4e ad de ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 .....N.......... ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 60 36 1d 8a 00 80 ff ff ........`6...... backtrace (crc 114e2eed): kmemleak_alloc+0xbc/0xd8 __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x2dc/0x398 device_add+0x954/0x12d0 device_register+0x28/0x40 __scmi_device_create.part.0+0x1bc/0x380 scmi_device_create+0x2d0/0x390 scmi_create_protocol_devices+0x74/0xf8 scmi_device_request_notifier+0x1f8/0x2a8 notifier_call_chain+0x110/0x3b0 blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x70/0xb0 scmi_driver_register+0x350/0x7f0 0xffff80000a3b3038 do_one_initcall+0x12c/0x730 do_init_module+0x1dc/0x640 load_module+0x4b20/0x5b70 init_module_from_file+0xec/0x158 $ ./scripts/faddr2line ./vmlinux device_add+0x954/0x12d0 device_add+0x954/0x12d0: kmalloc_noprof at include/linux/slab.h:901 (inlined by) kzalloc_noprof at include/linux/slab.h:1037 (inlined by) device_private_init at drivers/base/core.c:3510 (inlined by) device_add at drivers/base/core.c:3561 Balance device refcount by issuing a put_device() on devices found via device_find_child().

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fbf6c9695ad9f05e7e5c166bf43fac7cb3276b3	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a8a3547d5c4960da053df49c75bf623827a25da	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/91ff1e9652fb9beb0174267d6bb38243dff211bb	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/969d8beaa2e374387bf9aa5602ef84fc50bb48d8	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ca67840c0ddf3f39407339624cef824a4f27599	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff4273d47da81b95ed9396110bcbd1b7b7470fe8	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html	Mailing List

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.15
linux	linux_kernel	6.15
linux	linux_kernel	6.15
linux	linux_kernel	6.15
linux	linux_kernel	6.15
debian	debian_linux	11.0

JSON

To clipboard

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            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.14.6",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15",
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            }
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        }
      ],
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    }
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  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfirmware: arm_scmi: Balance device refcount when destroying devices\n\nUsing device_find_child() to lookup the proper SCMI device to destroy\ncauses an unbalance in device refcount, since device_find_child() calls an\nimplicit get_device(): this, in turns, inhibits the call of the provided\nrelease methods upon devices destruction.\n\nAs a consequence, one of the structures that is not freed properly upon\ndestruction is the internal struct device_private dev-\u003ep populated by the\ndrivers subsystem core.\n\nKMemleak detects this situation since loading/unloding some SCMI driver\ncauses related devices to be created/destroyed without calling any\ndevice_release method.\n\nunreferenced object 0xffff00000f583800 (size 512):\n  comm \"insmod\", pid 227, jiffies 4294912190\n  hex dump (first 32 bytes):\n    00 00 00 00 ad 4e ad de ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00  .....N..........\n    ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 60 36 1d 8a 00 80 ff ff  ........`6......\n  backtrace (crc 114e2eed):\n    kmemleak_alloc+0xbc/0xd8\n    __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x2dc/0x398\n    device_add+0x954/0x12d0\n    device_register+0x28/0x40\n    __scmi_device_create.part.0+0x1bc/0x380\n    scmi_device_create+0x2d0/0x390\n    scmi_create_protocol_devices+0x74/0xf8\n    scmi_device_request_notifier+0x1f8/0x2a8\n    notifier_call_chain+0x110/0x3b0\n    blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x70/0xb0\n    scmi_driver_register+0x350/0x7f0\n    0xffff80000a3b3038\n    do_one_initcall+0x12c/0x730\n    do_init_module+0x1dc/0x640\n    load_module+0x4b20/0x5b70\n    init_module_from_file+0xec/0x158\n\n$ ./scripts/faddr2line ./vmlinux device_add+0x954/0x12d0\ndevice_add+0x954/0x12d0:\nkmalloc_noprof at include/linux/slab.h:901\n(inlined by) kzalloc_noprof at include/linux/slab.h:1037\n(inlined by) device_private_init at drivers/base/core.c:3510\n(inlined by) device_add at drivers/base/core.c:3561\n\nBalance device refcount by issuing a put_device() on devices found via\ndevice_find_child()."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: firmware: arm_scmi: Equilibrar el recuento de referencias de dispositivos al destruir dispositivos. El uso de device_find_child() para buscar el dispositivo SCMI adecuado para destruir provoca un desequilibrio en el recuento de referencias de dispositivos, ya que device_find_child() llama a un m\u00e9todo get_device() impl\u00edcito: esto, a su vez, inhibe la llamada a los m\u00e9todos de liberaci\u00f3n proporcionados tras la destrucci\u00f3n de dispositivos. Como consecuencia, una de las estructuras que no se libera correctamente tras la destrucci\u00f3n es la estructura interna device_private dev-\u0026gt;p, rellenada por el n\u00facleo del subsistema de controladores. KMemleak detecta esta situaci\u00f3n, ya que la carga/descarga de alg\u00fan controlador SCMI provoca que los dispositivos relacionados se creen/destruyan sin llamar a ning\u00fan m\u00e9todo device_release. objeto sin referencia 0xffff00000f583800 (tama\u00f1o 512): comm \"insmod\", pid 227, jiffies 4294912190 volcado hexadecimal (primeros 32 bytes): 00 00 00 00 ad 4e ad de ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 .....N.......... ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 60 36 1d 8a 00 80 ff ff ........`6...... seguimiento inverso (crc 114e2eed): kmemleak_alloc+0xbc/0xd8 __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x2dc/0x398 device_add+0x954/0x12d0 device_register+0x28/0x40 __scmi_device_create.part.0+0x1bc/0x380 scmi_device_create+0x2d0/0x390 scmi_create_protocol_devices+0x74/0xf8 scmi_device_request_notifier+0x1f8/0x2a8 notifier_call_chain+0x110/0x3b0 blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x70/0xb0 scmi_driver_register+0x350/0x7f0 0xffff80000a3b3038 do_one_initcall+0x12c/0x730 do_init_module+0x1dc/0x640 load_module+0x4b20/0x5b70 init_module_from_file+0xec/0x158 $ ./scripts/faddr2line ./vmlinux device_add+0x954/0x12d0 device_add+0x954/0x12d0: kmalloc_noprof en include/linux/slab.h:901 (en l\u00ednea por) kzalloc_noprof en include/linux/slab.h:1037 (en l\u00ednea por) device_private_init en drivers/base/core.c:3510 (en l\u00ednea por) device_add en drivers/base/core.c:3561 Equilibre el recuento de dispositivos emitiendo un put_device() en los dispositivos encontrados a trav\u00e9s de device_find_child()."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-37905",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:15:40.247",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 5.5,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-05-20T16:15:26.927",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fbf6c9695ad9f05e7e5c166bf43fac7cb3276b3"
    },
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    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff4273d47da81b95ed9396110bcbd1b7b7470fe8"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Mailing List"
      ],
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-401"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-37905 (GCVE-0-2025-37905)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-20 15:21 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:17

Title

firmware: arm_scmi: Balance device refcount when destroying devices

Summary

Severity

No CVSS data available.

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6653 records in the last 180 days details

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/91ff1e9652fb9beb0…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff4273d47da81b95e…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fbf6c9695ad9f05e…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/969d8beaa2e374387…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a8a3547d5c4960da…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ca67840c0ddf3f39…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < 91ff1e9652fb9beb0174267d6bb38243dff211bb (git) Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < ff4273d47da81b95ed9396110bcbd1b7b7470fe8 (git) Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < 2fbf6c9695ad9f05e7e5c166bf43fac7cb3276b3 (git) Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < 969d8beaa2e374387bf9aa5602ef84fc50bb48d8 (git) Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < 8a8a3547d5c4960da053df49c75bf623827a25da (git) Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < 9ca67840c0ddf3f39407339624cef824a4f27599 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.13 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.13 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.182 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.138 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.90 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.28 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.6 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:57:09.443Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/firmware/arm_scmi/bus.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
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              "lessThan": "8a8a3547d5c4960da053df49c75bf623827a25da",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "9ca67840c0ddf3f39407339624cef824a4f27599",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/firmware/arm_scmi/bus.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.13"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.13",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.182",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.138",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.90",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.28",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.14.6",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.182",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.138",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.90",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.28",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.6",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.13",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfirmware: arm_scmi: Balance device refcount when destroying devices\n\nUsing device_find_child() to lookup the proper SCMI device to destroy\ncauses an unbalance in device refcount, since device_find_child() calls an\nimplicit get_device(): this, in turns, inhibits the call of the provided\nrelease methods upon devices destruction.\n\nAs a consequence, one of the structures that is not freed properly upon\ndestruction is the internal struct device_private dev-\u003ep populated by the\ndrivers subsystem core.\n\nKMemleak detects this situation since loading/unloding some SCMI driver\ncauses related devices to be created/destroyed without calling any\ndevice_release method.\n\nunreferenced object 0xffff00000f583800 (size 512):\n  comm \"insmod\", pid 227, jiffies 4294912190\n  hex dump (first 32 bytes):\n    00 00 00 00 ad 4e ad de ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00  .....N..........\n    ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 60 36 1d 8a 00 80 ff ff  ........`6......\n  backtrace (crc 114e2eed):\n    kmemleak_alloc+0xbc/0xd8\n    __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x2dc/0x398\n    device_add+0x954/0x12d0\n    device_register+0x28/0x40\n    __scmi_device_create.part.0+0x1bc/0x380\n    scmi_device_create+0x2d0/0x390\n    scmi_create_protocol_devices+0x74/0xf8\n    scmi_device_request_notifier+0x1f8/0x2a8\n    notifier_call_chain+0x110/0x3b0\n    blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x70/0xb0\n    scmi_driver_register+0x350/0x7f0\n    0xffff80000a3b3038\n    do_one_initcall+0x12c/0x730\n    do_init_module+0x1dc/0x640\n    load_module+0x4b20/0x5b70\n    init_module_from_file+0xec/0x158\n\n$ ./scripts/faddr2line ./vmlinux device_add+0x954/0x12d0\ndevice_add+0x954/0x12d0:\nkmalloc_noprof at include/linux/slab.h:901\n(inlined by) kzalloc_noprof at include/linux/slab.h:1037\n(inlined by) device_private_init at drivers/base/core.c:3510\n(inlined by) device_add at drivers/base/core.c:3561\n\nBalance device refcount by issuing a put_device() on devices found via\ndevice_find_child()."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:17:22.704Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/91ff1e9652fb9beb0174267d6bb38243dff211bb"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff4273d47da81b95ed9396110bcbd1b7b7470fe8"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fbf6c9695ad9f05e7e5c166bf43fac7cb3276b3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/969d8beaa2e374387bf9aa5602ef84fc50bb48d8"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a8a3547d5c4960da053df49c75bf623827a25da"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ca67840c0ddf3f39407339624cef824a4f27599"
        }
      ],
      "title": "firmware: arm_scmi: Balance device refcount when destroying devices",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-37905",
    "datePublished": "2025-05-20T15:21:38.890Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.966Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:17:22.704Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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