Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-21889

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-03-27 15:15 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:21

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: perf/core: Add RCU read lock protection to perf_iterate_ctx() The perf_iterate_ctx() function performs RCU list traversal but currently lacks RCU read lock protection. This causes lockdep warnings when running perf probe with unshare(1) under CONFIG_PROVE_RCU_LIST=y: WARNING: suspicious RCU usage kernel/events/core.c:8168 RCU-list traversed in non-reader section!! Call Trace: lockdep_rcu_suspicious ? perf_event_addr_filters_apply perf_iterate_ctx perf_event_exec begin_new_exec ? load_elf_phdrs load_elf_binary ? lock_acquire ? find_held_lock ? bprm_execve bprm_execve do_execveat_common.isra.0 __x64_sys_execve do_syscall_64 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe This protection was previously present but was removed in commit bd2756811766 ("perf: Rewrite core context handling"). Add back the necessary rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock() pair around perf_iterate_ctx() call in perf_event_exec(). [ mingo: Use scoped_guard() as suggested by Peter ]

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0fe8813baf4b2e865d3b2c735ce1a15b86002c74	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2475ccad6120546ea45dbcd6cd1f74dc565ef6b	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd536566dda9a551fc2a2acfab5313a5bb13ed02	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f390c2eea571945f357a2d3b9fcb1c015767132e	Patch

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.14
linux	linux_kernel	6.14
linux	linux_kernel	6.14
linux	linux_kernel	6.14

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/events/core.c"
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      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nperf/core: Add RCU read lock protection to perf_iterate_ctx()\n\nThe perf_iterate_ctx() function performs RCU list traversal but\ncurrently lacks RCU read lock protection. This causes lockdep warnings\nwhen running perf probe with unshare(1) under CONFIG_PROVE_RCU_LIST=y:\n\n\tWARNING: suspicious RCU usage\n\tkernel/events/core.c:8168 RCU-list traversed in non-reader section!!\n\n\t Call Trace:\n\t  lockdep_rcu_suspicious\n\t  ? perf_event_addr_filters_apply\n\t  perf_iterate_ctx\n\t  perf_event_exec\n\t  begin_new_exec\n\t  ? load_elf_phdrs\n\t  load_elf_binary\n\t  ? lock_acquire\n\t  ? find_held_lock\n\t  ? bprm_execve\n\t  bprm_execve\n\t  do_execveat_common.isra.0\n\t  __x64_sys_execve\n\t  do_syscall_64\n\t  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe\n\nThis protection was previously present but was removed in commit\nbd2756811766 (\"perf: Rewrite core context handling\"). Add back the\nnecessary rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock() pair around\nperf_iterate_ctx() call in perf_event_exec().\n\n[ mingo: Use scoped_guard() as suggested by Peter ]"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: perf/core: A\u00f1adir protecci\u00f3n de bloqueo de lectura de RCU a perf_iterate_ctx(). La funci\u00f3n perf_iterate_ctx() recorre la lista de RCU, pero actualmente carece de protecci\u00f3n de bloqueo de lectura de RCU. Esto genera advertencias de lockdep al ejecutar perf probe con unshare(1) en CONFIG_PROVE_RCU_LIST=y: ADVERTENCIA: uso sospechoso de RCU kernel/events/core.c:8168 \u00a1Lista de RCU recorrida en la secci\u00f3n de no lectura! Rastreo de llamadas: lockdep_rcu_suspicious ? perf_event_addr_filters_apply perf_iterate_ctx perf_event_exec begin_new_exec ? load_elf_phdrs load_elf_binary ? lock_acquire ? find_held_lock ? bprm_execve bprm_execve do_execveat_common.isra.0 __x64_sys_execve do_syscall_64 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe Esta protecci\u00f3n ya exist\u00eda, pero se elimin\u00f3 en la confirmaci\u00f3n bd2756811766 (\"perf: Reescribir la gesti\u00f3n del contexto principal\"). Se ha a\u00f1adido de nuevo el par necesario rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock() en la llamada a perf_iterate_ctx() en perf_event_exec(). [mingo: Usar scoped_guard() como sugiri\u00f3 Peter]"
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-21889",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:21:55.450",
  "metrics": {
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      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
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          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
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        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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  "published": "2025-03-27T15:15:56.820",
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  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
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          "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
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      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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  ]
}

CVE-2025-21889 (GCVE-0-2025-21889)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-27 14:57 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:55

Title

perf/core: Add RCU read lock protection to perf_iterate_ctx()

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f390c2eea571945f3…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2475ccad6120546e…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd536566dda9a551f…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0fe8813baf4b2e865…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: bd27568117664b8b3e259721393df420ed51f57b , < f390c2eea571945f357a2d3b9fcb1c015767132e (git) Affected: bd27568117664b8b3e259721393df420ed51f57b , < a2475ccad6120546ea45dbcd6cd1f74dc565ef6b (git) Affected: bd27568117664b8b3e259721393df420ed51f57b , < dd536566dda9a551fc2a2acfab5313a5bb13ed02 (git) Affected: bd27568117664b8b3e259721393df420ed51f57b , < 0fe8813baf4b2e865d3b2c735ce1a15b86002c74 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.2 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.2 (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.81 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.18 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.6 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/events/core.c"
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is entered through local syscalls only \u2014 `execve()` reaching `perf_event_exec()` via `begin_new_exec()`, with the racing side driven by `perf_event_open()`/`close()`. No network or remote input reaches this code.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race, looping `execve()` in one process while closing perf event fds attached to it from another, and can widen the window arbitrarily via CPU pinning and the cross-CPU IPI that `perf_event_stop()` issues inside the unprotected walk. Nothing about the trigger depends on conditions outside the attacker\u0027s influence.\nPR:L - An ordinary unprivileged user suffices: `sysctl_perf_event_paranoid` defaults to 2, which permits task-bound user-space perf events on same-uid processes, and no capability is checked anywhere on the `execve()` side of the race.\nUI:N - Both the exec\u0027ing process and the event-closing process are attacker-controlled; no victim action or cooperation is needed.\nS:U - The corruption stays within the kernel\u0027s own security authority \u2014 a standard local kernel memory-safety flaw with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - The unprotected RCU walk dereferences a freed `struct perf_event`, and the reclaimed slot can be groomed with attacker-sprayed perf events, giving a use-after-free read primitive that leaks kernel memory and pointers.\nI:H - `perf_event_addr_filters_exec()` writes into the freed object \u2014 zeroing `addr_filter_ranges[count].start/.size` through a pointer read out of reclaimed memory and incrementing `addr_filters_gen` \u2014 yielding an attacker-influenced kernel write suitable for privilege escalation.\nA:H - Traversing a freed list entry corrupts the walk and readily produces list corruption, an oops, or a full kernel panic, and the race can be retriggered in a loop."
            }
          ]
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:55:10.093Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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      "title": "perf/core: Add RCU read lock protection to perf_iterate_ctx()",
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        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-21889",
    "datePublished": "2025-03-27T14:57:15.897Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.782Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:55:10.093Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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FKIE_CVE-2025-21889

CVE-2025-21889 (GCVE-0-2025-21889)

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Related by attack behaviour