FKIE_CVE-2025-21792
Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-02-27 03:15 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:21
Severity
7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ax25: Fix refcount leak caused by setting SO_BINDTODEVICE sockopt
If an AX25 device is bound to a socket by setting the SO_BINDTODEVICE
socket option, a refcount leak will occur in ax25_release().
Commit 9fd75b66b8f6 ("ax25: Fix refcount leaks caused by ax25_cb_del()")
added decrement of device refcounts in ax25_release(). In order for that
to work correctly the refcounts must already be incremented when the
device is bound to the socket. An AX25 device can be bound to a socket
by either calling ax25_bind() or setting SO_BINDTODEVICE socket option.
In both cases the refcounts should be incremented, but in fact it is done
only in ax25_bind().
This bug leads to the following issue reported by Syzkaller:
================================================================
refcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5932 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x1ed/0x210 lib/refcount.c:31
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 5932 Comm: syz-executor424 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc4-syzkaller-00110-g4099a71718b0 #0
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2~bpo12+1 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x1ed/0x210 lib/refcount.c:31
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:336 [inline]
refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:351 [inline]
ref_tracker_free+0x710/0x820 lib/ref_tracker.c:236
netdev_tracker_free include/linux/netdevice.h:4156 [inline]
netdev_put include/linux/netdevice.h:4173 [inline]
netdev_put include/linux/netdevice.h:4169 [inline]
ax25_release+0x33f/0xa10 net/ax25/af_ax25.c:1069
__sock_release+0xb0/0x270 net/socket.c:640
sock_close+0x1c/0x30 net/socket.c:1408
...
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xcd/0x250 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
...
</TASK>
================================================================
Fix the implementation of ax25_setsockopt() by adding increment of
refcounts for the new device bound, and decrement of refcounts for
the old unbound device.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | 6.14 | |
| linux | linux_kernel | 6.14 |
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},
{
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},
{
"lessThan": "5.18",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.17.2",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"net/ax25/af_ax25.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "5.18"
},
{
"lessThan": "5.18",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.129",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.79",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.16",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.13.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.14",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
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],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nax25: Fix refcount leak caused by setting SO_BINDTODEVICE sockopt\n\nIf an AX25 device is bound to a socket by setting the SO_BINDTODEVICE\nsocket option, a refcount leak will occur in ax25_release().\n\nCommit 9fd75b66b8f6 (\"ax25: Fix refcount leaks caused by ax25_cb_del()\")\nadded decrement of device refcounts in ax25_release(). In order for that\nto work correctly the refcounts must already be incremented when the\ndevice is bound to the socket. An AX25 device can be bound to a socket\nby either calling ax25_bind() or setting SO_BINDTODEVICE socket option.\nIn both cases the refcounts should be incremented, but in fact it is done\nonly in ax25_bind().\n\nThis bug leads to the following issue reported by Syzkaller:\n\n================================================================\nrefcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\nWARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5932 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x1ed/0x210 lib/refcount.c:31\nModules linked in:\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 5932 Comm: syz-executor424 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc4-syzkaller-00110-g4099a71718b0 #0\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2~bpo12+1 04/01/2014\nRIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x1ed/0x210 lib/refcount.c:31\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n __refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:336 [inline]\n refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:351 [inline]\n ref_tracker_free+0x710/0x820 lib/ref_tracker.c:236\n netdev_tracker_free include/linux/netdevice.h:4156 [inline]\n netdev_put include/linux/netdevice.h:4173 [inline]\n netdev_put include/linux/netdevice.h:4169 [inline]\n ax25_release+0x33f/0xa10 net/ax25/af_ax25.c:1069\n __sock_release+0xb0/0x270 net/socket.c:640\n sock_close+0x1c/0x30 net/socket.c:1408\n ...\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0xcd/0x250 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\n ...\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n================================================================\n\nFix the implementation of ax25_setsockopt() by adding increment of\nrefcounts for the new device bound, and decrement of refcounts for\nthe old unbound device."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: ax25: Fix refcount leak caused by setting SO_BINDTODEVICE sockopt Si un dispositivo AX25 est\u00e1 enlazado a un socket configurando la opci\u00f3n de socket SO_BINDTODEVICE, se producir\u00e1 una p\u00e9rdida de refcount en ax25_release(). el commit 9fd75b66b8f6 (\"ax25: Fix refcount leaks caused by ax25_cb_del()\") a\u00f1adi\u00f3 una disminuci\u00f3n de los refcounts del dispositivo en ax25_release(). Para que funcione correctamente, los refcounts ya deben estar incrementados cuando el dispositivo est\u00e1 enlazado al socket. Un dispositivo AX25 puede estar enlazado a un socket llamando a ax25_bind() o configurando la opci\u00f3n de socket SO_BINDTODEVICE. En ambos casos, los refcounts deben incrementarse, pero de hecho solo se hace en ax25_bind(). Este error conduce al siguiente problema informado por Syzkaller: ================================================================= refcount_t: el decremento lleg\u00f3 a 0; p\u00e9rdida de memoria. ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 1 PID: 5932 en lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0x1ed/0x210 lib/refcount.c:31 M\u00f3dulos vinculados: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 5932 Comm: syz-executor424 No contaminado 6.13.0-rc4-syzkaller-00110-g4099a71718b0 #0 Nombre del hardware: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2~bpo12+1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x1ed/0x210 lib/refcount.c:31 Seguimiento de llamadas: __refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:336 [en l\u00ednea] refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:351 [en l\u00ednea] ref_tracker_free+0x710/0x820 lib/ref_tracker.c:236 netdev_tracker_free include/linux/netdevice.h:4156 [en l\u00ednea] netdev_put include/linux/netdevice.h:4173 [en l\u00ednea] netdev_put include/linux/netdevice.h:4169 [en l\u00ednea] ax25_release+0x33f/0xa10 net/ax25/af_ax25.c:1069 __sock_release+0xb0/0x270 net/socket.c:640 sock_close+0x1c/0x30 net/socket.c:1408 ... do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [en l\u00ednea] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0x250 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f ... ================================================================== Corrija la implementaci\u00f3n de ax25_setsockopt() agregando un incremento de recuentos de referencias para el nuevo dispositivo vinculado y una disminuci\u00f3n de recuentos de referencias para el antiguo dispositivo no vinculado."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-21792",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:21:31.303",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
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{
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"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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"scope": "UNCHANGED",
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},
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"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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},
{
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"attackVector": "LOCAL",
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"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
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"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
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"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
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}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-10-01T19:29:51.044536Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-02-27T03:15:20.080",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"tags": [
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"Patch"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/470bda72fda0fcf54300466d70ce2de62f7835d2"
},
{
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{
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{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "NVD-CWE-Other"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
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- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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