Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-21678

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-01-31 12:15 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:18

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: gtp: Destroy device along with udp socket's netns dismantle. gtp_newlink() links the device to a list in dev_net(dev) instead of src_net, where a udp tunnel socket is created. Even when src_net is removed, the device stays alive on dev_net(dev). Then, removing src_net triggers the splat below. [0] In this example, gtp0 is created in ns2, and the udp socket is created in ns1. ip netns add ns1 ip netns add ns2 ip -n ns1 link add netns ns2 name gtp0 type gtp role sgsn ip netns del ns1 Let's link the device to the socket's netns instead. Now, gtp_net_exit_batch_rtnl() needs another netdev iteration to remove all gtp devices in the netns. [0]: ref_tracker: net notrefcnt@000000003d6e7d05 has 1/2 users at sk_alloc (./include/net/net_namespace.h:345 net/core/sock.c:2236) inet_create (net/ipv4/af_inet.c:326 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:252) __sock_create (net/socket.c:1558) udp_sock_create4 (net/ipv4/udp_tunnel_core.c:18) gtp_create_sock (./include/net/udp_tunnel.h:59 drivers/net/gtp.c:1423) gtp_create_sockets (drivers/net/gtp.c:1447) gtp_newlink (drivers/net/gtp.c:1507) rtnl_newlink (net/core/rtnetlink.c:3786 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3897 net/core/rtnetlink.c:4012) rtnetlink_rcv_msg (net/core/rtnetlink.c:6922) netlink_rcv_skb (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2542) netlink_unicast (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1321 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1347) netlink_sendmsg (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1891) ____sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:711 net/socket.c:726 net/socket.c:2583) ___sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2639) __sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2669) do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83) WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 60 at lib/ref_tracker.c:179 ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179) Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 60 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc5-00147-g4c1224501e9d #5 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net RIP: 0010:ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179) Code: 00 00 00 fc ff df 4d 8b 26 49 bd 00 01 00 00 00 00 ad de 4c 39 f5 0f 85 df 00 00 00 48 8b 74 24 08 48 89 df e8 a5 cc 12 02 90 <0f> 0b 90 48 8d 6b 44 be 04 00 00 00 48 89 ef e8 80 de 67 ff 48 89 RSP: 0018:ff11000009a07b60 EFLAGS: 00010286 RAX: 0000000000002bd3 RBX: ff1100000f4e1aa0 RCX: 1ffffffff0e40ac6 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffff8423ee3c RBP: ff1100000f4e1af0 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffffbfff0e395ae R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000036001 R12: ff1100000f4e1af0 R13: dead000000000100 R14: ff1100000f4e1af0 R15: dffffc0000000000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ff1100006ce80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f9b2464bd98 CR3: 0000000005286005 CR4: 0000000000771ef0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe07f0 DR7: 0000000000000400 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace: <TASK> ? __warn (kernel/panic.c:748) ? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179) ? report_bug (lib/bug.c:201 lib/bug.c:219) ? handle_bug (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:285) ? exc_invalid_op (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:309 (discriminator 1)) ? asm_exc_invalid_op (./arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:621) ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore (./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:42 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:97 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:155 ./include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:151 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:194) ? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179) ? __pfx_ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:158) ? kfree (mm/slub.c:4613 mm/slub.c:4761) net_free (net/core/net_namespace.c:476 net/core/net_namespace.c:467) cleanup_net (net/core/net_namespace.c:664 (discriminator 3)) process_one_work (kernel/workqueue.c:3229) worker_thread (kernel/workqueue.c:3304 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 ---truncated---

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/036f8d814a2cd11ee8ef62b8f3e7ce5dec0ee4f3	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f1678346109ff3a6d229d33437fcba3cce9209d	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86f73d4ab2f27deeff22ba9336ad103d94f12ac7	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb11f992f5a475bc68ef959f17a55306f0328495	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c986380c1d5274c4d5e935addc807d6791cc23eb	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb28fd76c0a08a47b470677c6cef9dd1c60e92d1	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/efec287cbac92ac6ee8312a89221854760e13b34	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html
0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html
0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-503939.html

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.13
linux	linux_kernel	6.13
linux	linux_kernel	6.13
linux	linux_kernel	6.13
linux	linux_kernel	6.13
linux	linux_kernel	6.13
linux	linux_kernel	6.13

JSON

To clipboard

{
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.7",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.290",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.234",
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            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.177",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.127",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.74",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.11",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.13",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - BIOS",
          "vendor": "Siemens",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem",
          "vendor": "Siemens",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "*",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
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  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ngtp: Destroy device along with udp socket\u0027s netns dismantle.\n\ngtp_newlink() links the device to a list in dev_net(dev) instead of\nsrc_net, where a udp tunnel socket is created.\n\nEven when src_net is removed, the device stays alive on dev_net(dev).\nThen, removing src_net triggers the splat below. [0]\n\nIn this example, gtp0 is created in ns2, and the udp socket is created\nin ns1.\n\n  ip netns add ns1\n  ip netns add ns2\n  ip -n ns1 link add netns ns2 name gtp0 type gtp role sgsn\n  ip netns del ns1\n\nLet\u0027s link the device to the socket\u0027s netns instead.\n\nNow, gtp_net_exit_batch_rtnl() needs another netdev iteration to remove\nall gtp devices in the netns.\n\n[0]:\nref_tracker: net notrefcnt@000000003d6e7d05 has 1/2 users at\n     sk_alloc (./include/net/net_namespace.h:345 net/core/sock.c:2236)\n     inet_create (net/ipv4/af_inet.c:326 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:252)\n     __sock_create (net/socket.c:1558)\n     udp_sock_create4 (net/ipv4/udp_tunnel_core.c:18)\n     gtp_create_sock (./include/net/udp_tunnel.h:59 drivers/net/gtp.c:1423)\n     gtp_create_sockets (drivers/net/gtp.c:1447)\n     gtp_newlink (drivers/net/gtp.c:1507)\n     rtnl_newlink (net/core/rtnetlink.c:3786 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3897 net/core/rtnetlink.c:4012)\n     rtnetlink_rcv_msg (net/core/rtnetlink.c:6922)\n     netlink_rcv_skb (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2542)\n     netlink_unicast (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1321 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1347)\n     netlink_sendmsg (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1891)\n     ____sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:711 net/socket.c:726 net/socket.c:2583)\n     ___sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2639)\n     __sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2669)\n     do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83)\n\nWARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 60 at lib/ref_tracker.c:179 ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)\nModules linked in:\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 60 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc5-00147-g4c1224501e9d #5\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\nWorkqueue: netns cleanup_net\nRIP: 0010:ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)\nCode: 00 00 00 fc ff df 4d 8b 26 49 bd 00 01 00 00 00 00 ad de 4c 39 f5 0f 85 df 00 00 00 48 8b 74 24 08 48 89 df e8 a5 cc 12 02 90 \u003c0f\u003e 0b 90 48 8d 6b 44 be 04 00 00 00 48 89 ef e8 80 de 67 ff 48 89\nRSP: 0018:ff11000009a07b60 EFLAGS: 00010286\nRAX: 0000000000002bd3 RBX: ff1100000f4e1aa0 RCX: 1ffffffff0e40ac6\nRDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffff8423ee3c\nRBP: ff1100000f4e1af0 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffffbfff0e395ae\nR10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000036001 R12: ff1100000f4e1af0\nR13: dead000000000100 R14: ff1100000f4e1af0 R15: dffffc0000000000\nFS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ff1100006ce80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: 00007f9b2464bd98 CR3: 0000000005286005 CR4: 0000000000771ef0\nDR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\nDR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe07f0 DR7: 0000000000000400\nPKRU: 55555554\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n ? __warn (kernel/panic.c:748)\n ? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)\n ? report_bug (lib/bug.c:201 lib/bug.c:219)\n ? handle_bug (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:285)\n ? exc_invalid_op (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:309 (discriminator 1))\n ? asm_exc_invalid_op (./arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:621)\n ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore (./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:42 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:97 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:155 ./include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:151 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:194)\n ? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)\n ? __pfx_ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:158)\n ? kfree (mm/slub.c:4613 mm/slub.c:4761)\n net_free (net/core/net_namespace.c:476 net/core/net_namespace.c:467)\n cleanup_net (net/core/net_namespace.c:664 (discriminator 3))\n process_one_work (kernel/workqueue.c:3229)\n worker_thread (kernel/workqueue.c:3304 kernel/workqueue.c:3391\n---truncated---"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: gtp: Destruye el dispositivo junto con el desmantelamiento de netns del socket udp. gtp_newlink() vincula el dispositivo a una lista en dev_net(dev) en lugar de src_net, donde se crea un socket de t\u00fanel udp. Incluso cuando se elimina src_net, el dispositivo permanece activo en dev_net(dev). Luego, eliminar src_net activa el splat a continuaci\u00f3n. [0] En este ejemplo, gtp0 se crea en ns2 y el socket udp se crea en ns1. ip netns add ns1 ip netns add ns2 ip -n ns1 link add netns ns2 name gtp0 type gtp role sgsn ip netns del ns1 Vinculemos el dispositivo al netns del socket en su lugar. Ahora, gtp_net_exit_batch_rtnl() necesita otra iteraci\u00f3n netdev para eliminar todos los dispositivos gtp en netns. [0]: ref_tracker: net notrefcnt@000000003d6e7d05 has 1/2 users at sk_alloc (./include/net/net_namespace.h:345 net/core/sock.c:2236) inet_create (net/ipv4/af_inet.c:326 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:252) __sock_create (net/socket.c:1558) udp_sock_create4 (net/ipv4/udp_tunnel_core.c:18) gtp_create_sock (./include/net/udp_tunnel.h:59 drivers/net/gtp.c:1423) gtp_create_sockets (drivers/net/gtp.c:1447) gtp_newlink (drivers/net/gtp.c:1507) rtnl_newlink (net/core/rtnetlink.c:3786 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3897 net/core/rtnetlink.c:4012) rtnetlink_rcv_msg (net/core/rtnetlink.c:6922) netlink_rcv_skb (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2542) netlink_unicast (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1321 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1347) netlink_sendmsg (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1891) ____sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:711 net/socket.c:726 net/socket.c:2583) ___sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2639) __sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2669) do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83) WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 60 at lib/ref_tracker.c:179 ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179) Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 60 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc5-00147-g4c1224501e9d #5 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net RIP: 0010:ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179) Code: 00 00 00 fc ff df 4d 8b 26 49 bd 00 01 00 00 00 00 ad de 4c 39 f5 0f 85 df 00 00 00 48 8b 74 24 08 48 89 df e8 a5 cc 12 02 90 \u0026lt;0f\u0026gt; 0b 90 48 8d 6b 44 be 04 00 00 00 48 89 ef e8 80 de 67 ff 48 89 RSP: 0018:ff11000009a07b60 EFLAGS: 00010286 RAX: 0000000000002bd3 RBX: ff1100000f4e1aa0 RCX: 1ffffffff0e40ac6 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffff8423ee3c RBP: ff1100000f4e1af0 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffffbfff0e395ae R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000036001 R12: ff1100000f4e1af0 R13: dead000000000100 R14: ff1100000f4e1af0 R15: dffffc0000000000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ff1100006ce80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f9b2464bd98 CR3: 0000000005286005 CR4: 0000000000771ef0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe07f0 DR7: 0000000000000400 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace:  ? __warn (kernel/panic.c:748) ? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179) ? report_bug (lib/bug.c:201 lib/bug.c:219) ? handle_bug (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:285) ? exc_invalid_op (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:309 (discriminator 1)) ? asm_exc_invalid_op (./arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:621) ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore (./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:42 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:97 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:155 ./include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:151 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:194) ? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179) ? __pfx_ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:158) ? kfree (mm/slub.c:4613 mm/slub.c:4761) net_free (net/core/net_namespace.c:476 net/core/net_namespace.c:467) cleanup_net (net/core/net_namespace.c:664 (discriminator 3)) process_one_work (kernel/workqueue.c:3229) worker_thread (kernel/workqueue.c:3304 kernel/workqueue.c:3391 ---truncated--- "
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-21678",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:18:40.060",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 5.5,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-01-31T12:15:28.970",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/036f8d814a2cd11ee8ef62b8f3e7ce5dec0ee4f3"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f1678346109ff3a6d229d33437fcba3cce9209d"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86f73d4ab2f27deeff22ba9336ad103d94f12ac7"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb11f992f5a475bc68ef959f17a55306f0328495"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c986380c1d5274c4d5e935addc807d6791cc23eb"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb28fd76c0a08a47b470677c6cef9dd1c60e92d1"
    },
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/efec287cbac92ac6ee8312a89221854760e13b34"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-503939.html"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
        }
      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-21678 (GCVE-0-2025-21678)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-31 11:25 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:53

Title

gtp: Destroy device along with udp socket's netns dismantle.

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

11 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c986380c1d5274c4d…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f1678346109ff3a6…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/036f8d814a2cd11ee…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/efec287cbac92ac6e…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb11f992f5a475bc6…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86f73d4ab2f27deef…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb28fd76c0a08a47b…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/…
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/…

Impacted products

4 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 459aa660eb1d8ce67080da1983bb81d716aa5a69 , < c986380c1d5274c4d5e935addc807d6791cc23eb (git) Affected: 459aa660eb1d8ce67080da1983bb81d716aa5a69 , < 5f1678346109ff3a6d229d33437fcba3cce9209d (git) Affected: 459aa660eb1d8ce67080da1983bb81d716aa5a69 , < 036f8d814a2cd11ee8ef62b8f3e7ce5dec0ee4f3 (git) Affected: 459aa660eb1d8ce67080da1983bb81d716aa5a69 , < efec287cbac92ac6ee8312a89221854760e13b34 (git) Affected: 459aa660eb1d8ce67080da1983bb81d716aa5a69 , < bb11f992f5a475bc68ef959f17a55306f0328495 (git) Affected: 459aa660eb1d8ce67080da1983bb81d716aa5a69 , < 86f73d4ab2f27deeff22ba9336ad103d94f12ac7 (git) Affected: 459aa660eb1d8ce67080da1983bb81d716aa5a69 , < eb28fd76c0a08a47b470677c6cef9dd1c60e92d1 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 4.7 Unaffected: 0 , < 4.7 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.290 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.234 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.177 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.127 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.74 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.11 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Siemens	SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - BIOS	Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
Siemens	SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem	Affected: 0 , < * (custom)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T20:58:55.888Z",
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          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
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        "providerMetadata": {
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ngtp: Destroy device along with udp socket\u0027s netns dismantle.\n\ngtp_newlink() links the device to a list in dev_net(dev) instead of\nsrc_net, where a udp tunnel socket is created.\n\nEven when src_net is removed, the device stays alive on dev_net(dev).\nThen, removing src_net triggers the splat below. [0]\n\nIn this example, gtp0 is created in ns2, and the udp socket is created\nin ns1.\n\n  ip netns add ns1\n  ip netns add ns2\n  ip -n ns1 link add netns ns2 name gtp0 type gtp role sgsn\n  ip netns del ns1\n\nLet\u0027s link the device to the socket\u0027s netns instead.\n\nNow, gtp_net_exit_batch_rtnl() needs another netdev iteration to remove\nall gtp devices in the netns.\n\n[0]:\nref_tracker: net notrefcnt@000000003d6e7d05 has 1/2 users at\n     sk_alloc (./include/net/net_namespace.h:345 net/core/sock.c:2236)\n     inet_create (net/ipv4/af_inet.c:326 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:252)\n     __sock_create (net/socket.c:1558)\n     udp_sock_create4 (net/ipv4/udp_tunnel_core.c:18)\n     gtp_create_sock (./include/net/udp_tunnel.h:59 drivers/net/gtp.c:1423)\n     gtp_create_sockets (drivers/net/gtp.c:1447)\n     gtp_newlink (drivers/net/gtp.c:1507)\n     rtnl_newlink (net/core/rtnetlink.c:3786 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3897 net/core/rtnetlink.c:4012)\n     rtnetlink_rcv_msg (net/core/rtnetlink.c:6922)\n     netlink_rcv_skb (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2542)\n     netlink_unicast (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1321 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1347)\n     netlink_sendmsg (net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1891)\n     ____sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:711 net/socket.c:726 net/socket.c:2583)\n     ___sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2639)\n     __sys_sendmsg (net/socket.c:2669)\n     do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83)\n\nWARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 60 at lib/ref_tracker.c:179 ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)\nModules linked in:\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 60 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc5-00147-g4c1224501e9d #5\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\nWorkqueue: netns cleanup_net\nRIP: 0010:ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)\nCode: 00 00 00 fc ff df 4d 8b 26 49 bd 00 01 00 00 00 00 ad de 4c 39 f5 0f 85 df 00 00 00 48 8b 74 24 08 48 89 df e8 a5 cc 12 02 90 \u003c0f\u003e 0b 90 48 8d 6b 44 be 04 00 00 00 48 89 ef e8 80 de 67 ff 48 89\nRSP: 0018:ff11000009a07b60 EFLAGS: 00010286\nRAX: 0000000000002bd3 RBX: ff1100000f4e1aa0 RCX: 1ffffffff0e40ac6\nRDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffff8423ee3c\nRBP: ff1100000f4e1af0 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffffbfff0e395ae\nR10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000036001 R12: ff1100000f4e1af0\nR13: dead000000000100 R14: ff1100000f4e1af0 R15: dffffc0000000000\nFS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ff1100006ce80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: 00007f9b2464bd98 CR3: 0000000005286005 CR4: 0000000000771ef0\nDR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\nDR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe07f0 DR7: 0000000000000400\nPKRU: 55555554\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n ? __warn (kernel/panic.c:748)\n ? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)\n ? report_bug (lib/bug.c:201 lib/bug.c:219)\n ? handle_bug (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:285)\n ? exc_invalid_op (arch/x86/kernel/traps.c:309 (discriminator 1))\n ? asm_exc_invalid_op (./arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:621)\n ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore (./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:42 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:97 ./arch/x86/include/asm/irqflags.h:155 ./include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:151 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:194)\n ? ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:179)\n ? __pfx_ref_tracker_dir_exit (lib/ref_tracker.c:158)\n ? kfree (mm/slub.c:4613 mm/slub.c:4761)\n net_free (net/core/net_namespace.c:476 net/core/net_namespace.c:467)\n cleanup_net (net/core/net_namespace.c:664 (discriminator 3))\n process_one_work (kernel/workqueue.c:3229)\n worker_thread (kernel/workqueue.c:3304 kernel/workqueue.c:3391\n---truncated---"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is triggered entirely through local syscalls \u2014 an RTM_NEWLINK netlink message creating a GTP device with the link in a different netns than the netlink socket, followed by teardown of that netns. No remote packet processing is involved in reaching the bug.\nAC:L - The four-command reproducer in the commit message triggers it deterministically with no race and no dependence on uncontrolled memory layout; reoccupying the freed struct net is done by simply calling unshare(CLONE_NEWNET), which is fully under attacker control.\nPR:L - Both gates on the path (netlink_net_capable and rtnl_link_get_net_capable) check CAP_NET_ADMIN against net-\u003euser_ns, which an unprivileged user obtains for netns it creates via `unshare -Urn`; the gtp module is autoloaded on demand from the same path.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 creating the namespaces, creating the GTP link, and destroying the socket\u0027s namespace \u2014 with no action required from any other user.\nS:U - The dangling struct net pointer and the resulting corruption are confined to the kernel\u0027s own security authority; there is no hypervisor, IOMMU, or other authority boundary crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free of struct net whose freed slab object the attacker can deterministically reoccupy, so subsequent reads through gtp-\u003enet and sock_net(sk) return attacker-groomed contents and route/socket lookups are performed against a foreign namespace\u0027s tables, enabling information disclosure.\nI:H - The teardown path performs __netns_tracker_free() on the freed net \u2014 a spinlock acquisition and list_del() into freed memory \u2014 giving a write-after-free/unlink primitive, and the aliased netns allows packets to be routed and sockets to be hashed into a namespace the attacker does not own.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a ref_tracker_dir_exit() WARNING splat in cleanup_net (a panic under panic_on_warn), and the subsequent use-after-free of struct net causes kernel oopses/panics on device teardown or transmit."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:53:34.427Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c986380c1d5274c4d5e935addc807d6791cc23eb"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f1678346109ff3a6d229d33437fcba3cce9209d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/036f8d814a2cd11ee8ef62b8f3e7ce5dec0ee4f3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/efec287cbac92ac6ee8312a89221854760e13b34"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb11f992f5a475bc68ef959f17a55306f0328495"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86f73d4ab2f27deeff22ba9336ad103d94f12ac7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb28fd76c0a08a47b470677c6cef9dd1c60e92d1"
        }
      ],
      "title": "gtp: Destroy device along with udp socket\u0027s netns dismantle.",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-21678",
    "datePublished": "2025-01-31T11:25:39.500Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.738Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:53:34.427Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.