Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2024-56655

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2024-12-27 15:15 - Updated: 2026-08-04 11:22

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: do not defer rule destruction via call_rcu nf_tables_chain_destroy can sleep, it can't be used from call_rcu callbacks. Moreover, nf_tables_rule_release() is only safe for error unwinding, while transaction mutex is held and the to-be-desroyed rule was not exposed to either dataplane or dumps, as it deactives+frees without the required synchronize_rcu() in-between. nft_rule_expr_deactivate() callbacks will change ->use counters of other chains/sets, see e.g. nft_lookup .deactivate callback, these must be serialized via transaction mutex. Also add a few lockdep asserts to make this more explicit. Calling synchronize_rcu() isn't ideal, but fixing this without is hard and way more intrusive. As-is, we can get: WARNING: .. net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c:5515 nft_set_destroy+0x.. Workqueue: events nf_tables_trans_destroy_work RIP: 0010:nft_set_destroy+0x3fe/0x5c0 Call Trace: <TASK> nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x6b7/0xad0 process_one_work+0x64a/0xce0 worker_thread+0x613/0x10d0 In case the synchronize_rcu becomes an issue, we can explore alternatives. One way would be to allocate nft_trans_rule objects + one nft_trans_chain object, deactivate the rules + the chain and then defer the freeing to the nft destroy workqueue. We'd still need to keep the synchronize_rcu path as a fallback to handle -ENOMEM corner cases though.

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/27f0574253f6c24c8ee4e3f0a685b75ed3a256ed	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2991dc357a28b61c13ed1f7b59e9251e2b4562fb
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5146c27b2780aac59876a887a5f4e793b8949862
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cf0bd232b565d9852cb25fd094f77254773e048	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b04df3da1b5c6f6dc7cdccc37941740c078c4043	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0f013bebf94fe7ae75e5a53be2f2bd1cc1841e3
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8d8f53e1858178882b881b8c09f94ef0e83bf76

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.13
linux	linux_kernel	6.13

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h",
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.13",
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            }
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      ],
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  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: do not defer rule destruction via call_rcu\n\nnf_tables_chain_destroy can sleep, it can\u0027t be used from call_rcu\ncallbacks.\n\nMoreover, nf_tables_rule_release() is only safe for error unwinding,\nwhile transaction mutex is held and the to-be-desroyed rule was not\nexposed to either dataplane or dumps, as it deactives+frees without\nthe required synchronize_rcu() in-between.\n\nnft_rule_expr_deactivate() callbacks will change -\u003euse counters\nof other chains/sets, see e.g. nft_lookup .deactivate callback, these\nmust be serialized via transaction mutex.\n\nAlso add a few lockdep asserts to make this more explicit.\n\nCalling synchronize_rcu() isn\u0027t ideal, but fixing this without is hard\nand way more intrusive.  As-is, we can get:\n\nWARNING: .. net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c:5515 nft_set_destroy+0x..\nWorkqueue: events nf_tables_trans_destroy_work\nRIP: 0010:nft_set_destroy+0x3fe/0x5c0\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x6b7/0xad0\n process_one_work+0x64a/0xce0\n worker_thread+0x613/0x10d0\n\nIn case the synchronize_rcu becomes an issue, we can explore alternatives.\n\nOne way would be to allocate nft_trans_rule objects + one nft_trans_chain\nobject, deactivate the rules + the chain and then defer the freeing to the\nnft destroy workqueue.  We\u0027d still need to keep the synchronize_rcu path as\na fallback to handle -ENOMEM corner cases though."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: netfilter: nf_tables: no aplazar la destrucci\u00f3n de la regla mediante call_rcu nf_tables_chain_destroy puede dormir, no se puede utilizar desde las devoluciones de llamadas call_rcu. Adem\u00e1s, nf_tables_rule_release() solo es seguro para desenrollar errores, mientras se mantiene el mutex de transacci\u00f3n y la regla a destruir no se expuso ni al plano de datos ni a los volcados, ya que desactiva + libera sin elsynchronous_rcu() requerido en el medio. Las devoluciones de llamadas nft_rule_expr_deactivate() cambiar\u00e1n -\u0026gt;use contadores de otras cadenas/conjuntos, consulte, por ejemplo, la devoluci\u00f3n de llamada nft_lookup .deactivate, que se deben serializar mediante el mutex de transacci\u00f3n. Agregue tambi\u00e9n algunas afirmaciones lockdep para que esto sea m\u00e1s expl\u00edcito. Llamar asynchronous_rcu() no es ideal, pero solucionar esto sin \u00e9l es dif\u00edcil y mucho m\u00e1s intrusivo. Tal como est\u00e1, podemos obtener: ADVERTENCIA: .. net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c:5515 nft_set_destroy+0x.. Cola de trabajo: eventos nf_tables_trans_destroy_work RIP: 0010:nft_set_destroy+0x3fe/0x5c0 Rastreo de llamadas:  nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x6b7/0xad0 process_one_work+0x64a/0xce0 worker_thread+0x613/0x10d0 En caso de que elsynchronous_rcu se convierta en un problema, podemos explorar alternativas. Una forma ser\u00eda asignar objetos nft_trans_rule + un objeto nft_trans_chain, desactivar las reglas + la cadena y luego diferir la liberaci\u00f3n a la cola de trabajo de destrucci\u00f3n de nft. A\u00fan as\u00ed, necesitar\u00edamos mantener la ruta synchronization_rcu como respaldo para gestionar casos especiales de -ENOMEM."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2024-56655",
  "lastModified": "2026-08-04T11:22:18.720",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
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        "type": "Secondary"
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          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
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          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
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        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
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  "published": "2024-12-27T15:15:25.343",
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  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
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      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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    }
  ]
}

CVE-2024-56655 (GCVE-0-2024-56655)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-27 15:06 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:45

Title

netfilter: nf_tables: do not defer rule destruction via call_rcu

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6666 records in the last 180 days details

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5146c27b2780aac59…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2991dc357a28b61c1…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8d8f53e185817888…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0f013bebf94fe7ae…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/27f0574253f6c24c8…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cf0bd232b565d985…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b04df3da1b5c6f6dc…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 9eee6097ffb26cdd2adb988c0d378fa0d650c737 , < 5146c27b2780aac59876a887a5f4e793b8949862 (git) Affected: 558f503f707f481bbf40efa74a938b8021df841d , < 2991dc357a28b61c13ed1f7b59e9251e2b4562fb (git) Affected: a394c160d57f4b083bd904a22802f6fb7f5b3cea , < b8d8f53e1858178882b881b8c09f94ef0e83bf76 (git) Affected: e6c32a64d61184c2bdf89442b3d31ef530afba34 , < b0f013bebf94fe7ae75e5a53be2f2bd1cc1841e3 (git) Affected: bfd05c68e4c6320304e9f371ffa356b6e4b9cc53 , < 27f0574253f6c24c8ee4e3f0a685b75ed3a256ed (git) Affected: c03d278fdf35e73dd0ec543b9b556876b9d9a8dc , < 7cf0bd232b565d9852cb25fd094f77254773e048 (git) Affected: c03d278fdf35e73dd0ec543b9b556876b9d9a8dc , < b04df3da1b5c6f6dc7cdccc37941740c078c4043 (git) Affected: cb401e5799e0acacb405f2128097e9c4ccf82f8a (git) Affected: 6.6.61 , < 6.6.67 (semver) Affected: 6.11.8 , < 6.12 (semver)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.12 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.12 (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.67 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.6 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h",
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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.11.8",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: do not defer rule destruction via call_rcu\n\nnf_tables_chain_destroy can sleep, it can\u0027t be used from call_rcu\ncallbacks.\n\nMoreover, nf_tables_rule_release() is only safe for error unwinding,\nwhile transaction mutex is held and the to-be-desroyed rule was not\nexposed to either dataplane or dumps, as it deactives+frees without\nthe required synchronize_rcu() in-between.\n\nnft_rule_expr_deactivate() callbacks will change -\u003euse counters\nof other chains/sets, see e.g. nft_lookup .deactivate callback, these\nmust be serialized via transaction mutex.\n\nAlso add a few lockdep asserts to make this more explicit.\n\nCalling synchronize_rcu() isn\u0027t ideal, but fixing this without is hard\nand way more intrusive.  As-is, we can get:\n\nWARNING: .. net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c:5515 nft_set_destroy+0x..\nWorkqueue: events nf_tables_trans_destroy_work\nRIP: 0010:nft_set_destroy+0x3fe/0x5c0\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x6b7/0xad0\n process_one_work+0x64a/0xce0\n worker_thread+0x613/0x10d0\n\nIn case the synchronize_rcu becomes an issue, we can explore alternatives.\n\nOne way would be to allocate nft_trans_rule objects + one nft_trans_chain\nobject, deactivate the rules + the chain and then defer the freeing to the\nnft destroy workqueue.  We\u0027d still need to keep the synchronize_rcu path as\na fallback to handle -ENOMEM corner cases though."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is driven entirely from local interfaces \u2014 nfnetlink/NETLINK_NETFILTER to build a netdev-family basechain with rules, and RTNETLINK to unregister the device that fires the NETDEV_UNREGISTER notifier. No remote peer can drive basechain release.\nAC:L - The attacker owns both sides: it creates the netns, the device, and the ruleset, chooses when to delete the device, and issues concurrent nftables transactions that race the unserialized softirq callback, repeating indefinitely; the sleeping-in-atomic path (`cancel_delayed_work_sync`/`mutex_lock` from an RCU softirq callback) is deterministic and needs no race at all.\nPR:L - nfnetlink only requires `netlink_net_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, evaluated against the network namespace\u0027s user_ns, so an unprivileged local user obtains everything needed via `unshare -Urn` \u2014 including creating and deleting the dummy/veth device that triggers the notifier.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step itself \u2014 ruleset setup, device removal, and the concurrent transactions; no victim action or pre-existing administrator configuration is needed.\nS:U - Corruption is confined to nf_tables kernel objects within the same kernel security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - Unserialized `nft_use_dec()` on `set-\u003euse`/`chain-\u003euse`/`obj-\u003euse` races the commit-mutex-protected control plane, so counters underflow and still-referenced sets/chains are freed, yielding a use-after-free whose reclaimed contents the attacker can shape and read back via ruleset dumps.\nI:H - The softirq callback performs `list_del_rcu()` on `table-\u003esets`/`table-\u003echains` and `rhltable_remove()` on `chains_ht` concurrently with control-plane insertions/removals, giving list and rhashtable corruption on top of the UAF \u2014 both standard springboards to controlled kernel writes and control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Sleeping functions (`cancel_delayed_work_sync`, `mutex_lock` via `nf_ct_netns_put`, `nf_tables_chain_destroy`) invoked from an RCU softirq callback produce \"sleeping function called from invalid context\" BUGs and scheduler corruption, and the refcount/list corruption reliably ends in WARNs, oopses, and panics."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:45:53.066Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5146c27b2780aac59876a887a5f4e793b8949862"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2991dc357a28b61c13ed1f7b59e9251e2b4562fb"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8d8f53e1858178882b881b8c09f94ef0e83bf76"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0f013bebf94fe7ae75e5a53be2f2bd1cc1841e3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/27f0574253f6c24c8ee4e3f0a685b75ed3a256ed"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cf0bd232b565d9852cb25fd094f77254773e048"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b04df3da1b5c6f6dc7cdccc37941740c078c4043"
        }
      ],
      "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: do not defer rule destruction via call_rcu",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-56655",
    "datePublished": "2024-12-27T15:06:19.033Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-27T15:00:39.841Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:45:53.066Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

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Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
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Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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