FKIE_CVE-2024-26960
Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2024-05-01 06:15 - Updated: 2026-08-04 11:17
Severity
7.0 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mm: swap: fix race between free_swap_and_cache() and swapoff()
There was previously a theoretical window where swapoff() could run and
teardown a swap_info_struct while a call to free_swap_and_cache() was
running in another thread. This could cause, amongst other bad
possibilities, swap_page_trans_huge_swapped() (called by
free_swap_and_cache()) to access the freed memory for swap_map.
This is a theoretical problem and I haven't been able to provoke it from a
test case. But there has been agreement based on code review that this is
possible (see link below).
Fix it by using get_swap_device()/put_swap_device(), which will stall
swapoff(). There was an extra check in _swap_info_get() to confirm that
the swap entry was not free. This isn't present in get_swap_device()
because it doesn't make sense in general due to the race between getting
the reference and swapoff. So I've added an equivalent check directly in
free_swap_and_cache().
Details of how to provoke one possible issue (thanks to David Hildenbrand
for deriving this):
--8<-----
__swap_entry_free() might be the last user and result in
"count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE".
swapoff->try_to_unuse() will stop as soon as soon as si->inuse_pages==0.
So the question is: could someone reclaim the folio and turn
si->inuse_pages==0, before we completed swap_page_trans_huge_swapped().
Imagine the following: 2 MiB folio in the swapcache. Only 2 subpages are
still references by swap entries.
Process 1 still references subpage 0 via swap entry.
Process 2 still references subpage 1 via swap entry.
Process 1 quits. Calls free_swap_and_cache().
-> count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE
[then, preempted in the hypervisor etc.]
Process 2 quits. Calls free_swap_and_cache().
-> count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE
Process 2 goes ahead, passes swap_page_trans_huge_swapped(), and calls
__try_to_reclaim_swap().
__try_to_reclaim_swap()->folio_free_swap()->delete_from_swap_cache()->
put_swap_folio()->free_swap_slot()->swapcache_free_entries()->
swap_entry_free()->swap_range_free()->
...
WRITE_ONCE(si->inuse_pages, si->inuse_pages - nr_entries);
What stops swapoff to succeed after process 2 reclaimed the swap cache
but before process1 finished its call to swap_page_trans_huge_swapped()?
--8<-----
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| linux | linux_kernel | * | |
| debian | debian_linux | 10.0 |
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm: swap: fix race between free_swap_and_cache() and swapoff()\n\nThere was previously a theoretical window where swapoff() could run and\nteardown a swap_info_struct while a call to free_swap_and_cache() was\nrunning in another thread. This could cause, amongst other bad\npossibilities, swap_page_trans_huge_swapped() (called by\nfree_swap_and_cache()) to access the freed memory for swap_map.\n\nThis is a theoretical problem and I haven\u0027t been able to provoke it from a\ntest case. But there has been agreement based on code review that this is\npossible (see link below).\n\nFix it by using get_swap_device()/put_swap_device(), which will stall\nswapoff(). There was an extra check in _swap_info_get() to confirm that\nthe swap entry was not free. This isn\u0027t present in get_swap_device()\nbecause it doesn\u0027t make sense in general due to the race between getting\nthe reference and swapoff. So I\u0027ve added an equivalent check directly in\nfree_swap_and_cache().\n\nDetails of how to provoke one possible issue (thanks to David Hildenbrand\nfor deriving this):\n\n--8\u003c-----\n\n__swap_entry_free() might be the last user and result in\n\"count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE\".\n\nswapoff-\u003etry_to_unuse() will stop as soon as soon as si-\u003einuse_pages==0.\n\nSo the question is: could someone reclaim the folio and turn\nsi-\u003einuse_pages==0, before we completed swap_page_trans_huge_swapped().\n\nImagine the following: 2 MiB folio in the swapcache. Only 2 subpages are\nstill references by swap entries.\n\nProcess 1 still references subpage 0 via swap entry.\nProcess 2 still references subpage 1 via swap entry.\n\nProcess 1 quits. Calls free_swap_and_cache().\n-\u003e count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE\n[then, preempted in the hypervisor etc.]\n\nProcess 2 quits. Calls free_swap_and_cache().\n-\u003e count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE\n\nProcess 2 goes ahead, passes swap_page_trans_huge_swapped(), and calls\n__try_to_reclaim_swap().\n\n__try_to_reclaim_swap()-\u003efolio_free_swap()-\u003edelete_from_swap_cache()-\u003e\nput_swap_folio()-\u003efree_swap_slot()-\u003eswapcache_free_entries()-\u003e\nswap_entry_free()-\u003eswap_range_free()-\u003e\n...\nWRITE_ONCE(si-\u003einuse_pages, si-\u003einuse_pages - nr_entries);\n\nWhat stops swapoff to succeed after process 2 reclaimed the swap cache\nbut before process1 finished its call to swap_page_trans_huge_swapped()?\n\n--8\u003c-----"
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: mm: swap: corrige la ejecuci\u00f3n entre free_swap_and_cache() y swapoff() Anteriormente exist\u00eda una ventana te\u00f3rica donde swapoff() pod\u00eda ejecutar y desmantelar un swap_info_struct mientras se realizaba una llamada a free_swap_and_cache(). corriendo en otro hilo. Esto podr\u00eda causar, entre otras malas posibilidades, que swap_page_trans_huge_swapped() (llamado por free_swap_and_cache()) acceda a la memoria liberada para swap_map. Este es un problema te\u00f3rico y no he podido provocarlo a partir de un caso de prueba. Pero ha habido un acuerdo basado en la revisi\u00f3n del c\u00f3digo de que esto es posible (ver enlace a continuaci\u00f3n). Solucionarlo usando get_swap_device()/put_swap_device(), lo que detendr\u00e1 swapoff(). Hubo una verificaci\u00f3n adicional en _swap_info_get() para confirmar que la entrada de intercambio no era gratuita. Esto no est\u00e1 presente en get_swap_device() porque en general no tiene sentido debido a la ejecuci\u00f3n entre obtener la referencia y el intercambio. As\u00ed que agregu\u00e9 una verificaci\u00f3n equivalente directamente en free_swap_and_cache(). Detalles de c\u00f3mo provocar un posible problema (gracias a David Hildenbrand por derivar esto): --8\u0026lt;----- __swap_entry_free() podr\u00eda ser el \u00faltimo usuario y dar como resultado \"count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE\". swapoff-\u0026gt;try_to_unuse() se detendr\u00e1 tan pronto como si-\u0026gt;inuse_pages==0. Entonces la pregunta es: \u00bfalguien podr\u00eda reclamar la publicaci\u00f3n y activar si-\u0026gt;inuse_pages==0, antes de que completemos swap_page_trans_huge_swapped()? Imagine lo siguiente: folio de 2 MiB en el swapcache. S\u00f3lo 2 subp\u00e1ginas siguen siendo referencias mediante entradas de intercambio. El proceso 1 todav\u00eda hace referencia a la subp\u00e1gina 0 mediante la entrada de intercambio. El proceso 2 todav\u00eda hace referencia a la subp\u00e1gina 1 mediante la entrada de intercambio. El proceso 1 se cierra. Llama a free_swap_and_cache(). -\u0026gt; count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE [luego, adelantado en el hipervisor, etc.] El proceso 2 se cierra. Llama a free_swap_and_cache(). -\u0026gt; count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE El proceso 2 contin\u00faa, pasa swap_page_trans_huge_swapped() y llama a __try_to_reclaim_swap(). __try_to_reclaim_swap()-\u0026gt;folio_free_swap()-\u0026gt;delete_from_swap_cache()-\u0026gt; put_swap_folio()-\u0026gt;free_swap_slot()-\u0026gt;swapcache_free_entries()-\u0026gt; swap_entry_free()-\u0026gt;swap_range_free()-\u0026gt; ... WRITE_ONCE(si-\u0026gt;inuse_pages, si-\u0026gt;inuse_pages - nr_entries); \u00bfQu\u00e9 impide que el intercambio tenga \u00e9xito despu\u00e9s de que el proceso 2 recuper\u00f3 el cach\u00e9 de intercambio pero antes de que el proceso 1 terminara su llamada a swap_page_trans_huge_swapped()? --8\u0026lt;-----"
}
],
"id": "CVE-2024-26960",
"lastModified": "2026-08-04T11:17:27.080",
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"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-02-05T21:09:23.358079Z",
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"published": "2024-05-01T06:15:12.323",
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{
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],
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},
{
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"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"
}
],
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{
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{
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"value": "CWE-362"
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],
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}
]
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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