Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2023-53186

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-09-15 14:15 - Updated: 2026-10-15 22:17

Severity

8.1 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.7 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: skbuff: Fix a race between coalescing and releasing SKBs Commit 1effe8ca4e34 ("skbuff: fix coalescing for page_pool fragment recycling") allowed coalescing to proceed with non page pool page and page pool page when @from is cloned, i.e. to->pp_recycle --> false from->pp_recycle --> true skb_cloned(from) --> true However, it actually requires skb_cloned(@from) to hold true until coalescing finishes in this situation. If the other cloned SKB is released while the merging is in process, from_shinfo->nr_frags will be set to 0 toward the end of the function, causing the increment of frag page _refcount to be unexpectedly skipped resulting in inconsistent reference counts. Later when SKB(@to) is released, it frees the page directly even though the page pool page is still in use, leading to use-after-free or double-free errors. So it should be prohibited. The double-free error message below prompted us to investigate: BUG: Bad page state in process swapper/1 pfn:0e0d1 page:00000000c6548b28 refcount:-1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x2 pfn:0xe0d1 flags: 0xfffffc0000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff) raw: 000fffffc0000000 0000000000000000 ffffffff00000101 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000000000002 0000000000000000 ffffffffffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: nonzero _refcount CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Tainted: G E 6.2.0+ Call Trace: <IRQ> dump_stack_lvl+0x32/0x50 bad_page+0x69/0xf0 free_pcp_prepare+0x260/0x2f0 free_unref_page+0x20/0x1c0 skb_release_data+0x10b/0x1a0 napi_consume_skb+0x56/0x150 net_rx_action+0xf0/0x350 ? __napi_schedule+0x79/0x90 __do_softirq+0xc8/0x2b1 __irq_exit_rcu+0xb9/0xf0 common_interrupt+0x82/0xa0 </IRQ> <TASK> asm_common_interrupt+0x22/0x40 RIP: 0010:default_idle+0xb/0x20

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0646dc31ca886693274df5749cd0c8c1eaaeb5ca	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f692c992a3bb9a8018e3488098b401a4229e7ec	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71850b5af92da21b4862a9bc55bda61091247d00	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/906a6689bb0191ad2a44131a3377006aa098af59	Patch

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.3
linux	linux_kernel	6.3
linux	linux_kernel	6.3
linux	linux_kernel	6.3
linux	linux_kernel	6.3
linux	linux_kernel	6.3

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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          "programFiles": [
            "net/core/skbuff.c"
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              "version": "6.3",
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            }
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        }
      ],
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    }
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      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nskbuff: Fix a race between coalescing and releasing SKBs\n\nCommit 1effe8ca4e34 (\"skbuff: fix coalescing for page_pool fragment\nrecycling\") allowed coalescing to proceed with non page pool page and page\npool page when @from is cloned, i.e.\n\nto-\u003epp_recycle    --\u003e false\nfrom-\u003epp_recycle  --\u003e true\nskb_cloned(from)  --\u003e true\n\nHowever, it actually requires skb_cloned(@from) to hold true until\ncoalescing finishes in this situation. If the other cloned SKB is\nreleased while the merging is in process, from_shinfo-\u003enr_frags will be\nset to 0 toward the end of the function, causing the increment of frag\npage _refcount to be unexpectedly skipped resulting in inconsistent\nreference counts. Later when SKB(@to) is released, it frees the page\ndirectly even though the page pool page is still in use, leading to\nuse-after-free or double-free errors. So it should be prohibited.\n\nThe double-free error message below prompted us to investigate:\nBUG: Bad page state in process swapper/1  pfn:0e0d1\npage:00000000c6548b28 refcount:-1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000\nindex:0x2 pfn:0xe0d1\nflags: 0xfffffc0000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)\nraw: 000fffffc0000000 0000000000000000 ffffffff00000101 0000000000000000\nraw: 0000000000000002 0000000000000000 ffffffffffffffff 0000000000000000\npage dumped because: nonzero _refcount\n\nCPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Tainted: G            E      6.2.0+\nCall Trace:\n \u003cIRQ\u003e\ndump_stack_lvl+0x32/0x50\nbad_page+0x69/0xf0\nfree_pcp_prepare+0x260/0x2f0\nfree_unref_page+0x20/0x1c0\nskb_release_data+0x10b/0x1a0\nnapi_consume_skb+0x56/0x150\nnet_rx_action+0xf0/0x350\n? __napi_schedule+0x79/0x90\n__do_softirq+0xc8/0x2b1\n__irq_exit_rcu+0xb9/0xf0\ncommon_interrupt+0x82/0xa0\n\u003c/IRQ\u003e\n\u003cTASK\u003e\nasm_common_interrupt+0x22/0x40\nRIP: 0010:default_idle+0xb/0x20"
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2023-53186",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-15T22:17:39.067",
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}

CVE-2023-53186 (GCVE-0-2023-53186)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-15 14:04 – Updated: 2026-10-15 21:41

Title

skbuff: Fix a race between coalescing and releasing SKBs

Summary

Severity

8.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-15 21:34 UTC

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7061 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/906a6689bb0191ad2…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71850b5af92da21b4…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f692c992a3bb9a80…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0646dc31ca8866932…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 53e0961da1c7bbdabd1abebb20de403ec237ec09 , < 906a6689bb0191ad2a44131a3377006aa098af59 (git) Affected: 53e0961da1c7bbdabd1abebb20de403ec237ec09 , < 71850b5af92da21b4862a9bc55bda61091247d00 (git) Affected: 53e0961da1c7bbdabd1abebb20de403ec237ec09 , < 5f692c992a3bb9a8018e3488098b401a4229e7ec (git) Affected: 53e0961da1c7bbdabd1abebb20de403ec237ec09 , < 0646dc31ca886693274df5749cd0c8c1eaaeb5ca (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.15 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.108 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.25 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.2.12 , ≤ 6.2.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.3 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-53186",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:34:19.294430Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
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            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:41:27.688Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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            "baseScore": 8.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - skb_try_coalesce() is reached from the TCP receive path (tcp_try_coalesce/tcp_queue_rcv) and IP defrag while processing inbound packets on page_pool NICs; a remote peer sending TCP segments to a listening service drives the vulnerable coalesce without local code execution.\nAC:H - The bug is a TOCTOU on skb_cloned(from) between the pp_recycle admission check and the later nr_frags/__skb_frag_ref logic; winning it requires a sibling clone (typically from AF_PACKET/monitoring or bridge fanout) to be released on another CPU during that window, which a pure remote sender cannot fully control.\nPR:N - Exploitation uses unauthenticated network traffic to an already-exposed TCP/IP service; packet taps or bridging that create clones are victim-side deployment state, not credentials or capabilities the attacker must hold on the host.\nUI:N - Coalescing runs in softirq/NAPI receive context on packet arrival; no user action such as mounting, opening a file, or confirming a prompt is required.\nS:U - The resulting page use-after-free/double-free corrupts host kernel memory within the same OS authority; it is not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or sandbox boundary cross.\nC:H - The race skips __skb_frag_ref while still attaching frags to @to, then frees page_pool pages still in use\u2014classic page UAF that can be groomed for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The same UAF/double-free of page_pool pages yields heap aliasing and write primitives suitable for control-flow hijacking, matching kernel guidance that exploitable UAF is Integrity High.\nA:H - The fix commit documents a reproducible BUG/bad-page-state crash in skb_release_data\u2192free_unref_page from net_rx softirq, so availability impact is a full kernel oops/panic."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:13:00.022Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/906a6689bb0191ad2a44131a3377006aa098af59"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71850b5af92da21b4862a9bc55bda61091247d00"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f692c992a3bb9a8018e3488098b401a4229e7ec"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0646dc31ca886693274df5749cd0c8c1eaaeb5ca"
        }
      ],
      "title": "skbuff: Fix a race between coalescing and releasing SKBs",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-53186",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-15T14:04:38.954Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-15T13:59:19.066Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:41:27.688Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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