Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2023-2828

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2023-06-21 17:15 - Updated: 2026-10-24 19:10

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

Every `named` instance configured to run as a recursive resolver maintains a cache database holding the responses to the queries it has recently sent to authoritative servers. The size limit for that cache database can be configured using the `max-cache-size` statement in the configuration file; it defaults to 90% of the total amount of memory available on the host. When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit. It has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in `named` can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured `max-cache-size` limit to be significantly exceeded. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.41, 9.18.0 through 9.18.15, 9.19.0 through 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.41-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.15-S1.

References

URL	Tags
security-officer@isc.org	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/21/6	Mailing List, Patch, Third Party Advisory
security-officer@isc.org	https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828	Vendor Advisory
security-officer@isc.org	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00021.html	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
security-officer@isc.org	https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SEFCEVCTYEMKTWA7V7EYPI5YQQ4JWDLI/	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
security-officer@isc.org	https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3K6AJK7RRSR53HRF5GGKPA6PDUDWOD2/	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
security-officer@isc.org	https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0010/	Third Party Advisory
security-officer@isc.org	https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5439	Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/21/6	Mailing List, Patch, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828	Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00021.html	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SEFCEVCTYEMKTWA7V7EYPI5YQQ4JWDLI/	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3K6AJK7RRSR53HRF5GGKPA6PDUDWOD2/	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0010/	Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5439	Third Party Advisory

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
isc	bind	*
isc	bind	*
isc	bind	*
isc	bind	*
isc	bind	*
debian	debian_linux	10.0
debian	debian_linux	11.0
debian	debian_linux	12.0
fedoraproject	fedora	37
fedoraproject	fedora	38
netapp	active_iq_unified_manager	-
netapp	h500s_firmware	-
netapp	h500s	-
netapp	h700s_firmware	-
netapp	h700s	-
netapp	h410s_firmware	-
netapp	h410s	-
netapp	h410c_firmware	-
netapp	h410c	-
netapp	h300s_firmware	-
netapp	h300s	-

JSON

To clipboard

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      "affectedData": [
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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          "vendor": "ISC",
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      ],
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  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Every `named` instance configured to run as a recursive resolver maintains a cache database holding the responses to the queries it has recently sent to authoritative servers. The size limit for that cache database can be configured using the `max-cache-size` statement in the configuration file; it defaults to 90% of the total amount of memory available on the host. When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit.\n\nIt has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in `named` can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured `max-cache-size` limit to be significantly exceeded.\nThis issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.41, 9.18.0 through 9.18.15, 9.19.0 through 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.41-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.15-S1."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Cada instancia \u0027named\u0027 configurada para funcionar como un resolvedor recursivo mantiene una base de datos de cach\u00e9 que contiene las respuestas a las consultas que ha enviado recientemente a servidores autoritativos. El l\u00edmite de tama\u00f1o para esa base de datos de cach\u00e9 se puede configurar usando la instrucci\u00f3n \u0027max-cache-size\u0027 en el archivo de configuraci\u00f3n; por defecto es el 90% de la cantidad total de memoria disponible en el host. Cuando el tama\u00f1o de la cach\u00e9 alcanza 7/8 del l\u00edmite configurado, un algoritmo de limpieza de cach\u00e9 comienza a eliminar RRsets caducados y/o menos recientemente utilizados de la cach\u00e9, para mantener el uso de memoria por debajo del l\u00edmite configurado.\n\nSe ha descubierto que la efectividad del algoritmo de limpieza de cach\u00e9 utilizado en \u0027named\u0027 puede verse gravemente disminuida al consultar el resolvedor para RRsets espec\u00edficos en un cierto orden, permitiendo efectivamente que el l\u00edmite configurado de \u0027max-cache-size\u0027 sea excedido significativamente.\nEste problema afecta a las versiones de BIND 9 9.11.0 a 9.16.41, 9.18.0 a 9.18.15, 9.19.0 a 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 a 9.16.41-S1, y 9.18.11-S1 a 9.18.15-S1."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2023-2828",
  "lastModified": "2026-10-24T19:10:00.127",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "security-officer@isc.org",
        "type": "Secondary"
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    "ssvcV203": [
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        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2023-2828",
          "options": [
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              "automatable": "yes"
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            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
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          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2024-12-06T18:36:28.183787Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
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  "published": "2023-06-21T17:15:47.703",
  "references": [
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      "tags": [
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  "sourceIdentifier": "security-officer@isc.org",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
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}

CVE-2023-2828 (GCVE-0-2023-2828)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-21 16:26 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:48

Title

named's configured cache size limit can be significantly exceeded

Summary

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2024-12-06 18:36 UTC

Assigner

isc CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard A 95/100 over 33 records in the last 180 days details

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828	vendor-advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/21/6
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac…
https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5439
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac…
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2023070…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ISC	BIND 9	Affected: 9.11.0 , ≤ 9.16.41 (custom) Affected: 9.18.0 , ≤ 9.18.15 (custom) Affected: 9.19.0 , ≤ 9.19.13 (custom) Affected: 9.11.3-S1 , ≤ 9.16.41-S1 (custom) Affected: 9.18.11-S1 , ≤ 9.18.15-S1 (custom)

Date Public

2023-06-21 00:00

Credits

ISC would like to thank Shoham Danino from Reichman University, Anat Bremler-Barr from Tel-Aviv University, Yehuda Afek from Tel-Aviv University, and Yuval Shavitt from Tel-Aviv University for bringing this vulnerability to our attention.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T06:33:05.796Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "name": "CVE-2023-2828",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/21/6"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3K6AJK7RRSR53HRF5GGKPA6PDUDWOD2/"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5439"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SEFCEVCTYEMKTWA7V7EYPI5YQQ4JWDLI/"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0010/"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00021.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-2828",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-12-06T18:36:28.183787Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-12-06T18:36:35.647Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "BIND 9",
          "vendor": "ISC",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.16.41",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.11.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.18.15",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.19.13",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.16.41-S1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.11.3-S1",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "9.18.15-S1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.11-S1",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "ISC would like to thank Shoham Danino from Reichman University, Anat Bremler-Barr from Tel-Aviv University, Yehuda Afek from Tel-Aviv University, and Yuval Shavitt from Tel-Aviv University for bringing this vulnerability to our attention."
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2023-06-21T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Every `named` instance configured to run as a recursive resolver maintains a cache database holding the responses to the queries it has recently sent to authoritative servers. The size limit for that cache database can be configured using the `max-cache-size` statement in the configuration file; it defaults to 90% of the total amount of memory available on the host. When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit.\n\nIt has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in `named` can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured `max-cache-size` limit to be significantly exceeded.\nThis issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.41, 9.18.0 through 9.18.15, 9.19.0 through 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.41-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.15-S1."
        }
      ],
      "exploits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "We are not aware of any active exploits."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "By exploiting this flaw, an attacker can cause the amount of memory used by a `named` resolver to go well beyond the configured `max-cache-size` limit. The effectiveness of the attack depends on a number of factors (e.g. query load, query patterns), but since the default value of the `max-cache-size` statement is `90%`, in the worst case the attacker can exhaust all available memory on the host running `named`, leading to a denial-of-service condition."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-07-19T11:06:10.654Z",
        "orgId": "404fd4d2-a609-4245-b543-2c944a302a22",
        "shortName": "isc"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "CVE-2023-2828",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828"
        },
        {
          "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/06/21/6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/U3K6AJK7RRSR53HRF5GGKPA6PDUDWOD2/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5439"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SEFCEVCTYEMKTWA7V7EYPI5YQQ4JWDLI/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230703-0010/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/07/msg00021.html"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Upgrade to the patched release most closely related to your current version of BIND 9: 9.16.42, 9.18.16, 9.19.14, 9.16.42-S1, or 9.18.16-S1."
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "named\u0027s configured cache size limit can be significantly exceeded",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "No workarounds known."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "404fd4d2-a609-4245-b543-2c944a302a22",
    "assignerShortName": "isc",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-2828",
    "datePublished": "2023-06-21T16:26:07.096Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-05-22T07:57:41.362Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-02-13T16:48:38.124Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

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